Effect of intensity and duration of anthropic noises on European mink locomotor activity and fecal cortisol metabolite levels

Human activities involving noise emission can affect wild animals. European mink was exposed to road noise and human voice playbacks to analyze how sound intensity level and duration of both noises altered the time that individuals were active and if their fecal cortisol metabolite (FCM) levels varied. A Hierarchical Analysis Cluster was performed to establish 2 mink groups with respect to both noise source type: short duration/low intensity (SL) and long duration/high intensity (LH). We performed general linear mixed models to evaluate the variation in locomotor activity duration (s) and FCM (nanogram per gram) levels, respectively. The results showed both road noise and human voices decreased locomotor activity duration in SL more sharply compared with LH, and human voices were the triggers that induced the most pronounced response to both exposure conditions. FCM (ng/g) levels increased in SL compared with LH during road noise while the opposite happened during human voices. Differences based on sex and age of individuals were observed. In conclusion, noise characteristics given by the sound type determined the variations in locomotor activity duration while noise exposure level determined the variations in FCM (ng/g) levels. Attention should be paid to noisy activities (e.g., recreational activities for visitors in protected natural areas) and loud groups of people to conserve wildlife, especially noise sensitive specie

Identificación de compuestos volátiles de tres especies de Cyathodium (Marchantiophyta: Cyathodiaceae) y Leiosporoceros dussii(Anthocerotophyta: Leiosporocerotaceae) de Panama y C. foetidissimum de Costa Rica

Cyathodium is a thalloid marchantialean liverwort with five species reported for the Neotropics. Three species that occur in Panama (C. bischlerianum, C. spruceanum, C. cavernarum) and one from Costa Rica (C. foetidissimum) were studied chemically. Female and male plants of the dioecious C. spruceanum were very similar in their chemical composition except for two compounds that were found only in female plants. All samples of C. spruceanum and C. bischlerianum contained, in less than three percent, the sesquiterpenes germacrene D and bicyclogermacrene. The presence of these compounds suggests a close affinity between these two species. Cyathodium bischlerianum contained mainly aromatic monoterpenes with nerolidol as the main compound. Cyathodium cavernarum also had a very distinct chemical composition with an octane derivative as its major compound. Indole compounds were found only in C. foetidissimum. The presence of these compounds in plants from Costa Rica and Tahiti suggests that they could be considered as potential chemosystematic markers for the species. Based on their chemical composition there is a clear distinction between the four species of Cyathodium studied. The chemistry of these species supports previous morphological and genetic studies. Only two compounds could be identified in Leiosporoceros dussii. There is a need for additional genetic and chemical studies on neotropical Cyathodium and Leiosporoceros. Key Identificación de compuestos volátiles de tres especies de Cyathodium (Marchantiophyta: Cyathodiaceae) y Leiosporoceros dussii (Anthocerotophyta: Leiosporocerotaceae) de Panama y C. foetidissimum de Costa Rica. Cyathodium es una hepática marchantial con cinco especies comunicadas para el Neotrópico. Se estudió la composición química de tres especies que crecen en Panamá (C. bischlerianum, C. spruceanum, C. cavernarum) y, una que crece en Costa Rica (C. foetidissimum). Plantas femeninas y masculinas del dioico C. spruceanum fueron muy similares en su composición química excepto por dos compuestos que se encontraron solo en plantas femeninas. Todas las muestras de Cyathodium spruceanum y C. bischlerianum contenían, en un porcentaje de menos del tres por ciento, los sesquiterpenos germacreno D y biciclogermacreno. La presencia de estos compuestos sugiere una afinidad muy cercana entre las dos especies. Cyathodium bischlerianum contiene principalmente monoterpenos aromáticos con nerolidol como el compuesto principal. Cyathodium cavernarum también tuvo una composición química muy distintiva con un derivado del octano como su compuesto principal. Compuestos de indol fueron encontrados solo en C. foetidissimum. La presencia de estos compuestos en plantas de Costa Rica y Tahiti sugiere que puedan ser marcadores quimosistemáticos para esta especieLas cuatro especies de Cyathodium estudiadas se pueden distinguir de acuerdo con su composición química. La química de estas especies apoya estudios genéticos y morfológicos previos. Solo dos compuestos pudieron ser identificados en Leiosporoceros dussii. Se necesitan estudios genéticos y químicos adicionales para los Cyathodium y Leiosporoceros neotropicales

Mujeres y arte en la construcción de una cultura de paz

Maestría en Educación y Desarrollo Humano, Facultad de Ciencias Sociales y Humanas.La construcción de una cultura de paz se puede gestar en las vivencias, los sueños y las intuiciones de las mujeres que se desempeñan como agentes educativas de primera infancia, principalmente en aquellas partícipes en procesos de formación mediados por estrategias desde la educación artística, la cual promueve sus capacidades de empoderamiento. Así se da lugar a la resignificación de su práctica y vida cotidiana como escenarios de nuevas experiencias, y el reconocimiento de su acción en los entornos más inmediatos. Lo anterior se reflejó en la experiencia vivida por un grupo de mujeres, madres comunitarias de la ciudad de Cali en el proceso de formación Técnico en Atención Integral a la Primera Infancia del SENA

Psychometric properties of the Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale in a large cross-cultural Spanish and Portuguese speaking sample

[EN]Two groups of participants were included: a non-clinical sample involving 31,243 community subjects and a clinical sample comprising 529 patients with a diagnosis of social anxiety disorder (SAD). Exploratory factor analysis (EFA), confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and exploratory structural equation modeling (ESEM) were used in order to determine the psychometric properties of the LSAS-SR. EFA identified five factors with eigenvalues greater than 1.00 explaining 50.78% of the cumulative variance. CFA and ESEM supported this 5-factor structure of the LSAS-SR. The factors included: 1) speaking in public; 2) eating/drinking in front of other people; 3) assertive behaviors; 4) working/writing while being observed; and 5) interactions with strangers. Other psychometric properties such as inter-factor correlations, invariance, reliability, and validity of the scale were also foun

Percepção do apoio social funcional em jovens estudantes pré-universitários em colima

This research aims to characterize and analyze the perception of social support in pre-university youngsters from Colima, Mexico. We seek relationships through social class, gender, and age variables. Likewise, the goal is to demonstrate the usefulness and practicality of the HJ-Biplot as an easy to understand and interpret multivariate tool that works for the representation of the results obtained at a social nature analysis. The studied population comprises 1,267 high school alumni from schools that were subsidized by the State and the State Federation. Among the main findings, we observed conections between the perception of limited Functional Social Support, gender and social class; in the same way, we noted that the usefulness and practicality of the HJ-Biplot was demonstrated.Esta investigación tiene como objetivo caracterizar y analizar la percepción del apoyo social en jóvenes preuniversitarios del Estado mexicano de Colima, buscando relaciones por medio de las variables de clase, género y edad. De igual forma, se quiere demostrar la utilidad y practicidad del HJ-Biplot como herramienta multivariante de fácil comprensión e interpretación para la representación de los resultados obtenidos en un análisis de índole social. La población de estudio incluye a 1,267 alumnos de primer año de bachillerato de las escuelas subsidiadas por el Estado y la Federación del Estado. Entre los principales hallazgos observamos relaciones en la percepción del escaso Apoyo Social Funcional, el sexo y la clase social; de igual forma, se demostró la utilidad y practicidad del HJ-Biplot.Cette recherche vise à caractériser et à analyser la perception du soutien social chez les jeunes étudiants pré-universitaires de l’État de Colima au Mexique, en recherchant les relations avec les variables de classe sociale, de genre et d’âge. De même, on cherche à démontrer l’utilité et le caractère pratique du HJ-Biplot en tant qu’outil multivarié facile à comprendre et à interpréter pour la représentation des résultats obtenus dans une analyse de nature sociale. La population étudiée est composée de 1 267 élèves de première année de secondaire provenant d’écoles subventionnées par l’État et la Fédération de l’État de Colima, au Mexique. Ce sont des jeunes de 15 à 18 ans, 46,5 % d’hommes et 53,5 % de femmes. Le questionnaire DUKE-UNC-11 a été utilisé pour déterminer la perception du soutien social fonctionnel et l’échelle Goldthorpe a été utilisée pour classer les jeunes en fonction de leur classe sociale. Parmi les résultats pertinents, il a été constaté que le 12,8 % des jeunes perçoivent un faible soutien fonctionnel social, étant principalement des hommes, plus âgés et issus d’une classe sociale intermédiaire. L’utilité et la praticité du HJ-Biplot pour l’analyse des variables de l’étude ont également été démontrées, en prouvant avec cet outil l’indépendance des scores attribués au DUKE-UNC-11 par rapport au genre, à l’âge et à la classe sociale.Esta investigação visa caracterizar e analisar a percepção do apoio social em jovens estudantes pré-universitários no Estado de Colima no México, procurando relações com variáveis de classe social, género e idade. Do mesmo modo, procura demonstrar a utilidade e praticidade do HJ-Biplot como instrumento multivariado de fácil compreensão e interpretação para a representação dos resultados obtidos numa análise de natureza social. A população do estudo é composta por 1.267 estudantes do primeiro ano do ensino secundário de escolas subsidiadas pelo Estado e Federação do Estado de Colima, México. São jovens entre os 15 e 18 anos, 46,5 % homens e 53,5 % mulheres. O Questionário DUKE-UNC-11 foi utilizado para determinar a percepção do Apoio Social Funcional e a Escala Goldthorpe foi utilizada para classificar os jovens de acordo com a sua classe social. Entre os resultados relevantes, constatouse que 12,8% dos jovens tinham a percepção de ter um escasso Apoio Funcional Social, sendo na sua maioria homens, mais velhos e de uma classe social intermédia. A utilidade e praticabilidade do HJ-Biplot para a análise das variáveis de estudo foi também demonstrada, provando com esta ferramenta a independência das pontuações dadas ao DUKE-UNC-11 com género, idade e classe social

A beam-beam monitoring detector for the MPD experiment at NICA

The Multi-Purpose Detector (MPD) is to be installed at the Nuclotron Ion Collider fAcility (NICA) of the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research (JINR). Its main goal is to study the phase diagram of the strongly interacting matter produced in heavy-ion collisions. These studies, while providing insight into the physics of heavy-ion collisions, are relevant for improving our understanding of the evolution of the early Universe and the formation of neutron stars. In order to extend the MPD trigger capabilities, we propose to include a high granularity beam-beam monitoring detector (BE-BE) to provide a level-0 trigger signal with an expected time resolution of 30 ps. This new detector will improve the determination of the reaction plane by the MPD experiment, a key measurement for flow studies that provides physics insight into the early stages of the reaction. In this work, we use simulated Au+Au collisions at NICA energies to show the potential of such a detector to determine the event plane resolution, providing further redundancy to the detectors originally considered for this purpose namely, the Fast Forward Detector (FFD) and the Hadron Calorimeter (HCAL). We also show our results for the time resolution studies of two prototype cells carried out at the T10 beam line at the CERN PS complex.Comment: 16 pages, 12 figures. Updated to published version with added comments and correction

Microglial Activation in the Retina of a Triple-Transgenic Alzheimer’s Disease Mouse Model (3xTg-AD)

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common type of dementia in the world. The main biomarkers associated with AD are protein amyloid-β (Aβ) plaques and protein tau neurofibrillary tangles, which are responsible for brain neuroinflammation mediated by microglial cells. Increasing evidence has shown that the retina can also be affected in AD, presenting some molecular and cellular changes in the brain, such as microglia activation. However, there are only a few studies assessing such changes in the retinal microglia in animal models of AD. These studies use retinal sections, which have some limitations. In this study, we performed, for the first time in a triple-transgenic AD mouse model (3xTg-AD), a quantitative morphometric analysis of microglia activation (using the anti-Iba-1 antibody) in retinal whole-mounts, allowing visualization of the entire microglial cell, as well as its localization along the extension of the retina in different layers. Compared to age-matched animals, the retina of 3xTg-AD mice presents a higher number of microglial cells and a thicker microglial cell body area. Moreover, the microglia migrate, reorient, and retract their processes, changing their localization from a parallel to a perpendicular position relative to the retinal surface. These findings demonstrate clear microglia remodeling in the retina of 3xTg-AD mice

La recreación, habilidades sociales y estrategias de afrontamiento en adolescentes mexicanos durante la primera etapa del confinamiento por Covid-19

En marzo del 2020, el consejo de Salubridad General Mexicana reconoció la epidemia de enfermedad por el virus SARS-CoV2 como grave y de atención prioritaria estableciendo medidas preventivas llamando al confinamiento. El presente trabajo centra su atención en una población adolescente, que por naturaleza se encuentran en la búsqueda de movilización fuera de la familia y la autonomía. El objetivo planteó analizar la relación de la actividad recreativa de los adolescentes mexicanos durante la primera etapa del confinamiento por COVID-19 (marzo-julio 2020) con el manejo de las habilidades sociales y estrategias de afrontamiento. El diseño de investigación corresponde al tipo empírico no experimental; para el levantamiento de información se diseñó un cuestionario ad hoc que integró tres instrumentos: Cuestionario la recreación en adolescentes en situación de confinamiento, Escala validada de Habilidades Sociales por sus siglas EHS y Escalas de afrontamientos para adolescentes (ACS). Dicho instrumento tuvo una fiabilidad de Alfa de Cronbach de α=,962 y de coeficiente Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin de ,969. La selección de la muestra fue probabilística, conformada por 444 adolescentes mexicanos de la zona occidente de 12 a 17 años, el 57,4% mujeres y 42,6% hombres. Los principales hallazgos muestran relaciones positivas entre las habilidades sociales y las estrategias de afrontamiento. Siendo las actividades recreativas un recurso de apoyo social que permitió el afrontamiento efectivo durante la pandemia. El 88,1% de los estudiantes tuvo tiempo libre suficiente para realizar actividades recreativas y físico-deportivas como ejercitarse o moverse (67%), trotaron (57,9%), entrenaron un deporte (57,7%) y realizaron caminatas al aire libre (50,7%). Las actividades recreativas realizadas con mayor frecuencia fueron escuchar música, dormir y ver televisión. Asimismo, se encontró que las mujeres obtienen mejores resultados que los hombres en Habilidades Sociales; se hallaron diferencias en la Búsqueda de Apoyo de Expertos, siendo los jóvenes de bachillerato quienes más recurren a esta medida y; finalmente, se encontró una asociación positiva entre las Actividades de Afrontamiento que utilizan los adolescentes y las Habilidades Sociales. Lo que corrobora que la habilitación de los adolescentes en el uso positivo y activo del ocio y la recreación permite un mejor afrontamiento y manejo de las habilidades sociales, en otras palabras, un mecanismo para la contención en situación de crisis juvenil o de convivencia social

Retinal Thickness Changes Over Time in a Murine AD Model APP NL-F/NL-F.

Background: Alzheimer's disease (AD) may present retinal changes before brain pathology, suggesting the retina as an accessible biomarker of AD. The present work is a diachronic study using spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) to determine the total retinal thickness and retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness in an APPNL-F/NL-F mouse model of AD at 6, 9, 12, 15, 17, and 20 months old compared to wild type (WT) animals. Methods: Total retinal thickness and RNFL thickness were determined. The mean total retinal thickness was analyzed following the Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study sectors. RNFL was measured in six sectors of axonal ring scans around the optic nerve. Results: In the APPNL-F/NL-F group compared to WT animals, the total retinal thickness changes observed were the following: (i) At 6-months-old, a significant thinning in the outer temporal sector was observed; (ii) at 15-months-old a significant thinning in the inner temporal and in the inner and outer inferior retinal sectors was noticed; (iii) at 17-months-old, a significant thickening in the inferior and nasal sectors was found in both inner and outer rings; and (iv) at 20-months-old, a significant thinning in the inner ring of nasal, temporal, and inferior retina and in the outer ring of superior and temporal retina was seen. In RNFL thickness, there was significant thinning in the global analysis and in nasal and inner-temporal sectors at 6 months old. Thinning was also found in the supero-temporal and nasal sectors and global value at 20 months old. Conclusions: In the APPNL-F/NL-F AD model, the retinal thickness showed thinning, possibly produced by neurodegeneration alternating with thickening caused by deposits and neuroinflammation in some areas of the retina. These changes over time are similar to those observed in the human retina and could be a biomarker for AD. The APPNL-F/NL-F AD model may help us better understand the different retinal changes during the progression of AD.This research was funded by the Ophthalmological Network OFTARED (RD16/0008/0005) of the Institute of Health of Carlos III of the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation; and the Research Network RETIBRAIN (RED2018-102499-T) and Grant PID2019-106581RB-I00 of the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation; and Leducq Foundation for Cardiovascular Research TNE-19CVD01. IL-C was currently supported by a Pre-doctoral Fellowship (CT42/18-CT43/18) from the Complutense University of Madrid. JF-A was currently supported by a Pre-doctoral Fellowship (FPU17/01023) from the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation, and Universities.S