Families of Bianchi modular symbols: critical base-change p-adic L-functions and p-adic Artin formalism

Let $K$ be an imaginary quadratic field. In this article, we study the eigenvariety for GL(2)/K, proving an etaleness result for the weight map at non-critical classical points and a smoothness result at base-change classical points. We give three main applications of this; let $f$ be a regular $p$-stabilised newform of weight $k$ at least 2 without CM by $K$. (1) We construct a two-variable $p$-adic $L$-function attached to the base-change of $f$ to $K$ under assumptions on $f$ that we conjecture always hold, in particular making no assumption on the slope of $f$. (2) We construct three-variable $p$-adic $L$-functions over the eigenvariety interpolating the $p$-adic $L$-functions of classical base-change Bianchi cusp forms in families. (3) We prove that these base-change $p$-adic $L$-functions satisfy a $p$-adic Artin formalism result, that is, they factorise in the same way as the classical $L$-function under Artin formalism. In an appendix, Carl Wang-Erickson describes a base-change deformation functor and gives a characterisation of its Zariski tangent space.Comment: 26 pages, with a 3 page appendix by Carl Wang-Erickson. Comments welcome! Changes for v5: added contents, minor changes to exposition. v4: corrected funding acknowledgements. v3: This version has a new introduction, has been reorganised and greatly shortened, and incorporates minor corrections. v2: minor correction

On pp-adic LL-functions for GL2nGL_{2n} in finite slope Shalika families

Let $p$ be a prime number and $\mathrm{Gal}_p$ be the Galois group of the maximal abelian extension unramified outside $p\infty$ of a totally real number field $F$ of degree $d$. Using automorphic cycles, we construct evaluation maps on the parahoric overconvergent cohomology for $\mathrm{GL}_{2n}/F$ in degree $d (n^2 + n -1)$, which allow us to attach a distribution on $\mathrm{Gal}_p$ of controlled growth to any finite slope overconvergent $U_p$-eigenclass. When the eigenclass comes from a non-critical refinement $\tilde\pi$ of a cuspidal automorphic representation $\pi$ of $\mathrm{GL}_{2n}/F$ which is spherical at $p$ and admits a Shalika model, we prove this distribution interpolates all Deligne-critical $L$-values of $\pi$, giving the first construction of $p$-adic $L$-functions in this generality beyond the $p$-ordinary setting. Further, under some mild assumptions we use our evaluation maps to show that $\tilde\pi$ belongs to a unique $(d+1)$-dimensional Shalika family in a parabolic eigenvariety for $\mathrm{GL}_{2n}/F$, and that this family is \'etale over the weight space. Finally, under a hypothesis on the local Shalika models at bad places which is empty for $\pi$ of level 1, we construct a $p$-adic $L$-function for the family.Comment: 64 pages (inc. glossary of notation), comments welcome! Changes for v2,v3: minor corrections and expositional improvement

Towards the identification of the loci of adaptive evolution.

1. Establishing the genetic and molecular basis underlying adaptive traits is one of the major goals of evolutionary geneticists in order to understand the connection between genotype and phenotype and elucidate the mechanisms of evolutionary change. Despite considerable effort to address this question, there remain relatively few systems in which the genes shaping adaptations have been identified. 2. Here, we review the experimental tools that have been applied to document the molecular basis underlying evolution in several natural systems, in order to highlight their benefits, limitations and suitability. In most cases, a combination of DNA, RNA and functional methodologies with field experiments will be needed to uncover the genes and mechanisms shaping adaptation in nature.This work was supported by BBSRC grant number BB/K019945/1 to CJ.This is the final published version of the article. It was originally published online in Methods in Ecology and Evolution, 2015

Application of games for the development of speaking skill in fourth graders from Remigio Antonio Cañarte school

La presente investigación tomó como hipótesis que la implementación de juegos en clase puede afectar de manera positiva la habilidad del habla en el Inglés de estudiantes de 4 º grado en una escuela pública, principalmente cuando los estudiantes son expuestos a situaciones reales representadas en las actividades que incluyen juegos en clase, y en las que se ven en la necesidad de hablar. Los juegos sirven como una herramienta para poner en práctica el aprendizaje de idiomas. Al mismo tiempo, la competencia comunicativa de los estudiantes puede mejorar. Los juegos también dan a los estudiantes la oportunidad de interactuar en el idioma que se está aprendiendo. La escuela pública Remigio Antonio Cañarte, “El Poblado”, ubicada en la ciudad de Pereira; ofreció las condiciones apropiadas para analizar a través de una investigación cualitativa, la reacción de los estudiantes a la implementación de juegos en clase, y la influencia de dichas actividades en los estudiantes. Las observaciones se llevaron a cabo a través de notas de campo, listas, y grabaciones de video. También fue evidenciado en un mayor o menor grado como la implementación de juegos ayudó a los estudiantes a mejorar el habla en la lengua inglesa. Los hallazgos de esta investigación evidencian que la implementación de juegos en clases de inglés, les brinda a los estudiantes la oportunidad de practicar y mejorar la habilidad del habla. Los resultados de este estudio sugieren que las lecciones que incluyen juegos deberían ser bien estructuradas, ya que este tipo de clases pueden ser algunos de los pocos espacios en los cuales los estudiantes tengan la oportunidad de hacer uso del habla. La respuesta de los estudiantes a los juegos, demostró que los juegos pueden ayudar a los estudiantes a involucrarse en las actividades de clase, y al mismo tiempo que hacen uso de la segunda lengua, el facilitador puede hacer un diagnóstico de la producción oral de los aprendices. Este estudio sugiere desde el punto de vista didáctico que es fundamental llevar a los estudiantes a hacer uso de la segunda lengua, con el propósito de que alcancen un aprendizaje exitoso. Así mismo el uso de juegos en clase, sirve como una herramienta para tener a los estudiantes haciendo uso de la segunda lengua. Burns (1998) afirma que los aprendices de una lengua deberían afrontar situaciones en las cuales hagan uso de la habilidad oral para poder transmitir un mensaje. Además esta investigación sugiere que el uso de juegos en clase puede motivar a los estudiantes a avanzar a otro escenario en el cual ya no imiten, sino que produzcan.This research study took as hypothesis that the implementation of games in class could influence in a positive way the English speaking skill of 4th graders in a public school, principally when the students are put into real situations represented on the game-activities, in which they have to speak. Games may serve as a way to put into practice language lessons, and at the same time the students' communicative competence can be improved. Games also give the students the opportunity to interact in the language that is being learned. The state school Remigio Antonio Cañarte, “Escuelita El Poblado” located in the city of Pereira offered the ideal context and conditions to explore through qualitative research, the reaction of 4 students to the implementation of games in class, and the influence that the game-activities had on their speaking skill. Through the use of observations supported by checklists, field-notes, and video-recordings, the participants demonstrated having employed their speaking skill while taking part on the game-activities. It was also evidenced on the participants how to a greater or lesser extent the implementation of games helped to develop their English speaking skill. The findings of this study indicate that when implementing the use of games in an English class, the students are given an opportunity to practice and improve their speaking skill. These findings also revealed that lessons including games should be well planned and structured, as such lessons are spaces which offer the students the opportunity to interact and speak, and such spaces may be limited in that environment. The participants' response to the gameactivities in which they took part, showed us that games can help students to get involved with the class activities, as they are using the language, and at the same time it is an opportunity for the facilitator to make a diagnose of the speaking outcomes of the students. From an instructional perspective, this study suggests that it is primordial to have the students using the language when they are lead to a successful language learning. And implementing games serve as a tool to have students using the language, as the games are focused on the speaking sill. Burns (1998) asserts that the language learners should be put in authentic situations where speaking becomes necessary in order to transmit ideas or a message. Furthermore this study suggests that carrying out game-activities in class can help the students to motivate to move to another stage. It means that learners can move from the stage of imitation stage to the speaking-production stage

Toray End-board Loading Station

Los Alamos National Laboratories presented team Atolla Nuclear the task of safeguarding a floating nuclear power plant. This new concept was narrowed down into protecting the spent nuclear fuel for floating nuclear reactors. The product designed was a remotely controlled flotation device for the spent nuclear fuel casks. This product, appropriately named Atolla Float, is capable of protecting the spent nuclear fuel up to twelve kilometers off of the coastline. Atolla Float was designed capable of remotely inflating at a depth of up to one hundred meters under the surface of the ocean, the maximum depth of the ocean at a distance of twelve kilometers from the coastline. To inflate at that depth, the flotation device is able to overcome the hydrodynamic pressure at a depth of one hundred meters. The engineering analysis determined a torus shape for flotation bladder that attaches to a steel collar secured to the spent nuclear fuel cask. This cask can remain under the ocean during an attack and be inflated remotely as soon as the reactor is secured. In this report, a time line was created for developing this product and a detailed financial analysis was done on the product. This includes the projected costs as well as the actual costs spent on the prototypes. A detailed market analysis was included. The patents researched and used were included in the report. Design specifications were evaluated for the product and explained in the report including numerical data to show what the Atolla Float must be capable of. From the design specifications, one hundred and twenty design concepts were generated. It was from these concepts that the design idea for Atolla Float was chosen. After Atolla Float was chosen, it was evaluated and put into a quality function deployment chart. This chart evaluated the design requirements and the customer requirements. Team Atolla Nuclear worked extremely hard to develop a detailed product design and corresponding models in solid works modeling software. A complete finite element analysis and engineering analysis on the design was completed. Through calculations and finite element analysis, the concept was proven for Atolla Float. With the help of Los Alamos, team Atolla Nuclear has developed an innovative design to secure spent nuclear material for floating nuclear reactor. It is the first of its design and will be valuable to companies and countries investing in floating nuclear reactors. This product encompasses the entirety of safeguards of design for a floating nuclear reactor

COVID-19 may lower quality of life when infections and deaths increase: A longitudinal study in the Peruvian jungle

"Background: Quality of life (QoL) is a multifactorial concept on the perception of the individual’s wellbeing underpinned by environmental, psychological, and physical factors. Several studies have shown changes in QoL in the COVID-19 pandemic and may be due to increases in mortality rates, however, no study has investigated this among Peruvian jungle dwellers. Here, we have sought to estimate the QoL of individuals before and after the increase in cases and deaths from COVID-19. Methods: A questionnaire-based longitudinal study was conducted in 102 inhabitants (mean 40.75 ± 7.49 years). The Spanish version of the WHOQOL-BREF was used in two stages: April and June. The first stage was accomplished before the first confirmed case of COVID-19, and the second stage was when the daily mortality rate was 3.5% with an incidence of 87%. Results: Sixty (54.8%) participants were women, 67 (61.9%) were >31 years, and 38 (34.5%) and 32 (29.1%) participants had primary and secondary education, respectively. In the first and second stage we obtained an overall mean QoL of 46.65 ± 23.2 and 35 ± 27.7 points, respectively. Individuals had significantly lower QoL in the face of increased deaths in physical (p = 0.001), mental (p = 0.028) and environmental (p = 0.001) health domains, with the latter having the greatest impact (51.84 ± 5.81 vs. 16.66 ± 5.55 points). Conclusion: Quality of life of Peruvian jungle dwellers is reduced during periods of increased mortality and incidence by COVID-19. Preventive strategies aimed at reducing the impact of COVID-19 on the mental health and global wellbeing of individuals living in the Amazon are recommended to Peruvian authorities.

Two sisters in the same dress: Heliconius cryptic species

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Sister species divergence and reproductive isolation commonly results from ecological adaptation. In mimetic <it>Heliconius </it>butterflies, shifts in colour pattern contribute to pre- and post-mating reproductive isolation and are commonly correlated with speciation. Closely related mimetic species are therefore not expected, as they should lack several important sources of reproductive isolation.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Here we present phenotypic, behavioral and genetic evidence for the coexistence of two sympatric 'cryptic' species near Florencia in the eastern Andes of Colombia that share the same orange rayed colour pattern. These represent <it>H. melpomene malleti </it>and a novel taxon in the <it>H. cydno </it>group, here designated as novel race of <it>Heliconius timareta</it>, <it>Heliconius timareta florencia</it>. No-choice mating experiments show that these sympatric forms have strong assortative mating (≈96%) despite great similarity in colour pattern, implying enhanced divergence in pheromonal signals.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>We hypothesize that these species might have resulted from recent convergence in colour pattern, perhaps facilitated by hybrid introgression of wing pattern genes.</p

Recombination rate variation shapes barriers to introgression across butterfly genomes.

Hybridisation and introgression can dramatically alter the relationships among groups of species, leading to phylogenetic discordance across the genome and between populations. Introgression can also erode species differences over time, but selection against introgression at certain loci acts to maintain postmating species barriers. Theory predicts that species barriers made up of many loci throughout the genome should lead to a broad correlation between introgression and recombination rate, which determines the extent to which selection on deleterious foreign alleles will affect neutral alleles at physically linked loci. Here, we describe the variation in genealogical relationships across the genome among three species of Heliconius butterflies: H. melpomene (mel), H. cydno (cyd), and H. timareta (tim), using whole genomes of 92 individuals, and ask whether this variation can be explained by heterogeneous barriers to introgression. We find that species relationships vary predictably at the chromosomal scale. By quantifying recombination rate and admixture proportions, we then show that rates of introgression are predicted by variation in recombination rate. This implies that species barriers are highly polygenic, with selection acting against introgressed alleles across most of the genome. In addition, long chromosomes, which have lower recombination rates, produce stronger barriers on average than short chromosomes. Finally, we find a consistent difference between two species pairs on either side of the Andes, which suggests differences in the architecture of the species barriers. Our findings illustrate how the combined effects of hybridisation, recombination, and natural selection, acting at multitudes of loci over long periods, can dramatically sculpt the phylogenetic relationships among species

Gene flow and the genealogical history of Heliconius heurippa.

BACKGROUND: The neotropical butterfly Heliconius heurippa has a hybrid colour pattern, which also contributes to reproductive isolation, making it a likely example of hybrid speciation. Here we used phylogenetic and coalescent-based analyses of multilocus sequence data to investigate the origin of H. heurippa. RESULTS: We sequenced a mitochondrial region (CoI and CoII), a sex-linked locus (Tpi) and two autosomal loci (w and sd) from H. heurippa and the putative parental species, H. cydno and H. melpomene. These were analysed in combination with data from two previously sequenced autosomal loci, Dll and Inv. H. heurippa was monophyletic at mtDNA and Tpi, but showed a shared distribution of alleles derived from both parental lineages at all four autosomal loci. Estimates of genetic differentiation showed that H. heurippa is closer to H. cydno at mtDNA and three autosomal loci, intermediate at Tpi, and closer to H. melpomene at Dll. Using coalescent simulations with the Isolation-Migration model (IM), we attempted to establish the incidence of gene flow in the origin of H. heurippa. This analysis suggested that ongoing introgression is frequent between all three species and variable in extent between loci. CONCLUSION: Introgression, which is a necessary precursor of hybrid speciation, seems to have also blurred the coalescent history of these species. The origin of Heliconius heurippa may have been restricted to introgression of few colour pattern genes from H. melpomene into the H. cydno genome, with little evidence of genomic mosaicism.RIGHTS : This article is licensed under the BioMed Central licence at http://www.biomedcentral.com/about/license which is similar to the 'Creative Commons Attribution Licence'. In brief you may : copy, distribute, and display the work; make derivative works; or make commercial use of the work - under the following conditions: the original author must be given credit; for any reuse or distribution, it must be made clear to others what the license terms of this work are

Exceptional zeros and L-invariants of Bianchi modular forms

Let f be a Bianchi modular form, that is, an automorphic form for GL2 over an imaginary quadratic field F. In this paper, we prove an exceptional zero conjecture in the case where f is new at a prime above p. More precisely, for each prime p of F above p we prove the existence of an Linvariant Lp, depending only on p and f, such that when the p-adic L-function of f has an exceptional zero at p, its derivative can be related to the classical L-value multiplied by Lp. The proof uses cohomological methods of Darmon and Orton, who proved similar results for GL2/Q. When p is not split and f is the base-change of a classical modular form f ˜, we relate Lp to the L-invariant of f ˜, resolving a conjecture of Trifkovi´c in this case.Postprint (author's final draft