Methodology of evaluation and correction of geometric data topology in QGIS software

Geographical Information Systems (GIS) has revolutionised the process of collecting and processing data, therefore, more and more data recorded in an analogue form are transformed into the digital format. However, the process of generating vector models poses a risk of appearing defects of different types. A methodology of correcting common geometric and topological errors that appear in the manual vectorization of a raster model was presented in the paper. The research material was the vector layer including the digitized version of several dozens of drawings of spatial development plans. The paper also presents a procedure for creating a vector model of spatial data with attention paid to potential sources of errors which could be incurred at the stage of its creation as well as indicates methods for their prevention. The tools and plug-ins for evaluation and revision of geometric and topological correctness of a vector model implemented in QGIS software were mainly used in the survey. Elaborated algorithms are aimed at acceleration of data processing to allow their usage during that process. Indeed, proper conducting of spatial analyses needs to administer a data set which is free of errors. Only then, is it possible to obtain proper results and draw appropriate conclusions

Rola geoportali w rozwoju i polityce regionów.

Otaczająca nas przestrzeń podlega ciągłym zmianom. W racjonalnym gospodarowaniu przestrzenią poszukuje się sposobów optymalnego jej wykorzystania, zarówno z punktu widzenia potrzeb człowieka, jak i wymogów ochrony środowiska.W procesie tym ważną rolę odgrywa informacja, w tym informacja przestrzenna, w ramach której systemy GIS są narzędziami gromadzenia, przetwarzania i udostępniania danych. Systemy te umożliwiają optymalne wykorzystanie przestrzeni oraz jej modelowanie. Należy zauważyć, że obecnie dynamicznie rozwijają się nowe środki i formy przekazu, w tym Internet. Rozwój Internetu przejawia się nie tylko w dostępie do nowoczesnej infrastruktury sieciowej, lecz także w odniesieniu do technik programistycznych umożliwiających tworzenie coraz to bardziej interaktywnych aplikacji sieciowych. Jednymi z częściej gromadzonych danych tematycznych w ramach GIS są dane o środowisku przyrodniczym oraz dane krajobrazowe. Myślą przewodnią prezentowanej monografii jest ukazanie znaczenia geoportali w rozwoju regionów, zwłaszcza w aspekcie ochrony środowiska przyrodniczego, krajobrazu i turystyki. Zebrano rozważania dotyczące charakterystyki działania i budowy infrastruktury informacji przestrzennej, w tym znaczenia i roli dyrektywy INSPIRE, przykłady serwisów internetowych wykorzystujących informację przestrzenną, wybrane rejestry danych przestrzennych o znaczeniu regionalnym i krajowym oraz problematykę interoperacyjności systemów informacji przestrzennej. Monografia zawiera przemyślenia odnoszące się do możliwości wykorzystania geoportali na przykładzie wybranych obiektów, w tym komponentów środowiskowych, a także zagadnienia dotyczące koncepcji wprowadzania i aktualizacji danych Centralnego Rejestru Form Ochrony Przyrody (CRFOP) z uwzględnieniem georeferencji z innych baz danych. Czytelnicy zapoznają się także z możliwiościami i przykładami wykorzystania serwisów WMS na potrzeby inwentaryzacji walorów i atrakcji turystycznej z punktu widzenia tworzenia klastra agroturystycznego. Niniejsza monografia zawiera również rozważania na temat społecznej roli geoinformacji, w tym geomarketingu oraz budowy marki w Internecie w ujęciu strategicznym i technologicznym. Usuń wybraneMany specialists are becoming increasingly interested in protecting and consciously shaping the landscape. The reason for that is a decline of the condition of surroundings, its aesthetics, and at the same time the decline of the quality of life. Negative landscape changes are caused mainly by the development of civilization and inappropriate spatial management. It causes an increased interest in new technologies which support landscape evaluation and protection, especially in the most valuable landscapes that ontribute to preserving the individual character of geographic environment. This book presents chosen methods of landscape classification and evaluation in the context of its usefulness for the implementation of European Landscape Convention. Presented methods can become a part of landscape audit. The solutions available in spatial information systems allow for implementation of the aims of European Land Convention and for the automation of the process. Animportant result of the research is the case study for each lakeland in north-east of Poland. Moreover, the book covers an analysis of the data on ecological land in Poland, which was particularly of detailed in koszaliński district and in the city of Koszalin. Qualitative and quantitative analyses were used for the research. The results show current discrepancies between various data bases. The book presents also the uses of Web Map Service for the inventory of elements comprising touristic space at the level of a community such as: cultural heritage and natural values. The conclusion shows that spatial information and web services may actively impact its users.We observe the development of Internet services, particularly in coding techniques that facilitate the creation of more interactive web applications. The research shows chosen computer tools measuring the range of the impact of web applications, the results of the monitoring on the basis of internet application related to local spatial plan in Tomice municipality, and spatial informa-tion system of kujawsko-pomorskie Province built on the basis of the junctions of web infrastructure analysed on the levels of the existing administrative division

31st Annual Meeting and Associated Programs of the Society for Immunotherapy of Cancer (SITC 2016) : part two

Background The immunological escape of tumors represents one of the main ob- stacles to the treatment of malignancies. The blockade of PD-1 or CTLA-4 receptors represented a milestone in the history of immunotherapy. However, immune checkpoint inhibitors seem to be effective in specific cohorts of patients. It has been proposed that their efficacy relies on the presence of an immunological response. Thus, we hypothesized that disruption of the PD-L1/PD-1 axis would synergize with our oncolytic vaccine platform PeptiCRAd. Methods We used murine B16OVA in vivo tumor models and flow cytometry analysis to investigate the immunological background. Results First, we found that high-burden B16OVA tumors were refractory to combination immunotherapy. However, with a more aggressive schedule, tumors with a lower burden were more susceptible to the combination of PeptiCRAd and PD-L1 blockade. The therapy signifi- cantly increased the median survival of mice (Fig. 7). Interestingly, the reduced growth of contralaterally injected B16F10 cells sug- gested the presence of a long lasting immunological memory also against non-targeted antigens. Concerning the functional state of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), we found that all the immune therapies would enhance the percentage of activated (PD-1pos TIM- 3neg) T lymphocytes and reduce the amount of exhausted (PD-1pos TIM-3pos) cells compared to placebo. As expected, we found that PeptiCRAd monotherapy could increase the number of antigen spe- cific CD8+ T cells compared to other treatments. However, only the combination with PD-L1 blockade could significantly increase the ra- tio between activated and exhausted pentamer positive cells (p= 0.0058), suggesting that by disrupting the PD-1/PD-L1 axis we could decrease the amount of dysfunctional antigen specific T cells. We ob- served that the anatomical location deeply influenced the state of CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes. In fact, TIM-3 expression was in- creased by 2 fold on TILs compared to splenic and lymphoid T cells. In the CD8+ compartment, the expression of PD-1 on the surface seemed to be restricted to the tumor micro-environment, while CD4 + T cells had a high expression of PD-1 also in lymphoid organs. Interestingly, we found that the levels of PD-1 were significantly higher on CD8+ T cells than on CD4+ T cells into the tumor micro- environment (p < 0.0001). Conclusions In conclusion, we demonstrated that the efficacy of immune check- point inhibitors might be strongly enhanced by their combination with cancer vaccines. PeptiCRAd was able to increase the number of antigen-specific T cells and PD-L1 blockade prevented their exhaus- tion, resulting in long-lasting immunological memory and increased median survival

Possibilities of the data interpretation in the databases structures

Tyt. z nagł.References s. 86.Dostępny również w formie drukowanej.ABSTRACT: The paper presents the possibility of interprets of data in the database systems considered under the angle of the way of the construction style of the structure of accumulating database system, the sights of the system decisive about the format kept data the and ways of interpreting data by users using the system. KEYWORDS: interpretation of data, databases, format of the data. STRESZCZENIE: Praca przedstawia możliwości interpretowania danych w systemach baz danych rozpatrywanych pod kątem sposobu konstrukcji struktury gromadzenia danych w systemie, cech systemu decydujących o formacie przechowywanych danych oraz sposobach interpretowania danych przez użytkowników korzystających z systemu. SŁOWA KLUCZOWE: interpretacja danych, bazy danych, format danych

Landscape as a carrier of spatial data : attempts to apply INSPIRE Directive in provisions of Poland’s landscape policy

The aim of the article is to discuss the rules of modern landscape Policy as a subsystem of the spatial policy of Poland and the European Union. Informatization of space through use of GIS tools has become an undoubted fact. Records of phenomena and processes occurring in the landscape, translated to a formalized mathematical-technological language, raise fears regarding completeness and coherence of landscape contents and processes in database model. The article presents rules for construction and modelling of landscape data with reference to the INSPIRE Directive. The authors have taken up an attempt to identify methods of recording for spatial elements considered in the methodology of landscape analysis and evaluation. To achieve this, they used provisions of changing Polish legal acts and technical standards resulting from implementation of the European Union’s directives. The authors made an attempt to record chosen landscape elements using the UML notation, which showed a wide theme range of issues to be discussed and possible ways to interpret them

Opioid-Induced Sexual Dysfunction in Cancer Patients

Sexual dysfunction is common in patients with advanced cancer, although it is frequently belittled, and thus consistently underdiagnosed and untreated. Opioid analgesics remain fundamental and are widely used in cancer pain treatment. However, they affect sexual functions primarily due to their action on the hypothalamus&ndash;pituitary&ndash;gonadal axis. Other mechanisms such as the impact on the central and peripheral nervous systems are also possible. The opioid-induced sexual dysfunction includes erectile dysfunction, lack of desire and arousal, orgasmic disorder, and lowered overall sexual satisfaction. Around half of the individuals taking opioids chronically may be affected by sexual dysfunction. The relative risk of sexual dysfunction in patients on chronic opioid therapy and opioid addicts increased two-fold in a large meta-analysis. Opioids differ in their potential to induce sexual dysfunctions. Partial agonists and short-acting opioids may likely cause sexual dysfunction to a lesser extent. Few pharmaceutical therapies proved effective: testosterone replacement therapy, PDE5 inhibitors, bupropion, trazodone, opioid antagonists, and plant-derived medicines such as Rosa damascena and ginseng. Non-pharmacological options, such as psychosexual or physical therapies, should also be considered. However, the evidence is scarce and projected primarily from non-cancer populations, including opioid addicts. Further research is necessary to explore the problem of sexuality in cancer patients and the role of opioids in inducing sexual dysfunction

Szacunek potencjalnych efektów ekologicznych energii biomasy drewna wierzby energetycznej w gminie Skała w ujęciu przestrzennym

W pracy przedstawiono metodykę szacunku efektów ekologicznych rozumianych jako zmniejszenie zanieczyszczenia powietrza atmosferycznego wynikających z zastosowania wierzby energetycznej jako paliwa alternatywnego dla węgla kamiennego w gminie Skała w województwie małopolskim. Bazę badawczą stanowiła szczegółowa inwentaryzacja terenowa odłogów występujących na badanym obszarze. W konkluzji Autorzy wykazali efekty ekologiczne wyrażone niewyemitowaniem do powietrza takich zanieczyszczeń jak dwutlenek węgla i dwutlenek siarki oraz istotnym zmniejszeniem emisji tlenków azotu. Uzyskane efekty ekologiczne są szczególnie istotne dla analizowanej gminy ze względu na to, że bezpośrednio sąsiaduje z Ojcowskim Parkiem Narodowym

SPATIAL DIVERSITY OF ECOLOGICAL IMPORTANCE INDEX IN PODKARPACKIE PROVINCE

The paper presents a method for the analysis of spatial distribution of land cover based on data from Topographic GeoDatabase in a nominal scale of 1: 10000 (abbreviation: BDOT10k). Analysis of land cover and how it is developed allows to specify a number of parameters derived from human activities and natural forces. Researchers use a variety of methods for classification and valuation of areas which have been modified for Poland. Diversity of types and variability of land cover has been presented in the form of object - vector. An additional aim of this work is the inventory of the condition of the Podkarpackie Province in terms of the location of the areas with varying degrees of ecological features intensity in the mesoregions for future analyzes of land cover changes. The source data have been obtained in GML format and processed into an object-relational SpatiaLite database. The accuracy of geo-referenced boundaries of objects does not exceed 3 meters and was not generalized, which ensures a high degree of reliability of the calculated parameters. This was confirmed by the evaluation of the quality of the data in the BDOT10k database. Geoprocessing methods and spatial relationships in heterogeneous GIS systems were used. The results of the analyzes are presented in the form of spatial data, multi-layered compositions and cartograms. The research was conducted in the area of 17 844 km2 of Podkarpackie Province

LEVEL OF SPATIAL DIFFERENTIATION OF ANTHROPOGENIC IMPACT IN MAŁOPOLSKA

Detailed spatial analysis of area coverage was performed in the present paper, which allowed to determine numerous derivative parameters connected with human activity as well as natural processes. Data from Database of Topographic Objects in nominal scale 1:10000 (in short: BDOT10k) in GML format were used as source materials and processing of the source data to object-relational form of SpatialLite database was performed. Methods of areas classification and valorization on the basis of land coverage diversity were used in the research after using modification of classes selection to BDOT10k. Borders of spatial objects had geo-referential precision to 3 m and were not subjected to generalization process. It provided possibility to achieve high degree of credibility of calculated parameters. Materials that concern ecological corridors were obtained from the General Directorate for Environmental Protection by means of WFS service. Geoprocessing methods and spatial connections in GIS heterogenic systems were used to perform analyses. The effects of all the conducted analyses allowed to identify problem fields where areas of ecological corridors became strongly anthropogenized. The results were presented as multilayered compositions and cartograms. The research area covered 15,200 km2 and ranged the territory of Małopolska province