La lectura de cuentos de barro de Juan Rulfo.

En este texto se realiza una reseña histórica de las composiciones literarias de Juan Rulfo donde Claribel Alegría y principalmente el escritor salvadoreño Salarrué influye a las narraciones de este escritor mexicano. A partir de una lectura crítica y comparada de la obra de estos dos autores, se parte de la hipótesis de que los elementos narrativos comunes de las obras de estos autores (reformas políticas con el lenguaje, animación de la naturaleza, poetización de la violencia, etc.) constituyen entre ellos una relación intertextual; por lo que podemos argumentar que la lectura de la obra Cuentos de barro, de Salarrué, influenció la escritura del mexicano Juan Rulfo, en su libro El llano en llamas

The Impact of Plant-Based Dietary Patterns on Cancer-Related Outcomes: A Rapid Review and Meta-Analysis

The authors would like to acknowledge Dafina Petrova for her contributions in editing and proofreading the manuscript.Long-term cancer survivors represent a sizeable portion of the population. Plant-based foods may enhance the prevention of cancer-related outcomes in these patients. We aimed to synthesize the current evidence regarding the impact of plant-based dietary patterns (PBDPs) on cancer-related outcomes in the general population and in cancer survivors. Considered outcomes included overall cancer mortality, cancer-specific mortality, and cancer recurrence. A rapid review was conducted, whereby 2234 original articles related to the topic were identified via Pubmed/Medline. We selected 26 articles, which were classified into studies on PBDPs and cancer outcomes at pre-diagnosis: vegan/vegetarian diet (N = 5), provegetarian diet (N = 2), Mediterranean diet (N = 13), and studies considering the same at post-diagnosis (N = 6). Pooled estimates of the associations between the aforementioned PBDPs and the different cancer outcomes were obtained by applying random effects meta-analysis. The few studies available on the vegetarian diet failed to support its prevention potential against overall cancer mortality when compared with a non-vegetarian diet (e.g., pooled hazard ratio (HR) = 0.97; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.88–1.06). The insufficient number of studies evaluating provegetarian index scores in relation to cancer mortality did not permit a comprehensive assessment of this association. The association between adherence to the Mediterranean diet and cancer mortality reached statistical significance (e.g., pooled HR = 0.84; 95% CI: 0.79–0.89). However, no study considered the influence of prognostic factors on the associations. In contrast, post-diagnostic studies accounted for prognostic factors when assessing the chemoprevention potential of PBDPs, but also were inconclusive due to the limited number of studies on well-defined plant-based diets. Thus, whether plant-based diets before or after a cancer diagnosis prevent negative cancer-related outcomes needs to be researched further, in order to define dietary guidelines for cancer survivors.CIBER Epidemiologia y Salud Publica CIBERES

Comportamiento del concreto con bajos porcentajes de ceniza volante (Termopaipa IV) y agua constante

This paper is based on a graduation work entitled "Influence of the addition of low percentages of fly ash, from Termopaipa IV, to concrete mix", developed by Milena Puerta Guarín and Helbert Rivera Bernal from Military Nueva Granada University (UMNG), and sponsored by Concretos Premezclados ¿ Holcim Group company. Fly ash, from coal combustion in IV Termopaipa Plant, was used in order to substitute 10, 20 and 30 % of cement or crushed sand contents of original mix designs, keeping constant the amount of water that was added. The results indicate that slump and density of concrete are strongely decreased when the fly ash substitutes sand than when it substitutes cement, respect to the reference mix. Substitution of cement by fly ash produces more decrease of strengths than substitution of crushed sand, keeping constant amount of cement and water of mix. The same performance is observed on the elasticity module of the material.Este artículo se realiza con base en el trabajo de grado titulado “Influencia de la ceniza volante procedente de Termopaipa IV adicionada en bajos porcentajes al concreto” desarrollada por los estudiantes Milena Puerta Guarín y Helbert Rivera Bernal de la Universidad Militar Nueva Granada y con patrocinio, mediante convenio con la empresa Concretos Premezclados S.A. del grupo Holcim. Cenizas volantes provenientes de la combustión del carbón en la planta IV de Termopaipa se utilizaron para sustituir 10%, 20% y 30% de contenidos de cemento o de arena triturada de los diseños originales, manteniendo constante la cantidad de agua de mezclado del concreto. De los resultados obtenidos se puede deducir que el asentamiento y la densidad del concreto disminuyen cuando se sustituye arena por ceniza que cuando se reemplaza cemento por ceniza, con respecto a la muestra patrón. La sustitución del cemento por cenizas conduce a resistencias menores que al sustituir parte de la arena, manteniendo constante la cantidad de cemento y el contenido de agua. Este mismo comportamiento se observa en relación con el módulo de elasticidad del material

Influencia de la temperatura ambiental y la contaminación en la transmisión del SARS-COV-2

La transmisión del SARS-CoV-2 es un problema de Salud Pública de máxima importancia que está influido por diversos factores. Recientemente se ha planteado la hipótesis de que esta transmisión puede reducirse durante el verano debido a la temperatura cálida. Por otro lado, se está estudiando la posible relación entre el elevado número de contagios de SARS-CoV-2 y la contaminación atmosférica. Dicha relación ya fue probada durante el brote de SARS en 2002. En este artículo se revisó la evidencia científica hasta la fecha en relación con la posible influencia de la temperatura ambiental y la contaminación en la transmisión del SARS-CoV-2. Se concluye que las estaciones anuales y, por tanto, la temperatura parecen no influir en la propagación del virus. Además, los contaminantes del aire facilitan el contagio y la mortalidad por el virus.The transmission of SARS-CoV-2 is a major Public Health problem that is influenced by a number of factors. Recently it has been hypothesized that this transmission may be reduced during the summer due to the warm temperatures. On the other hand, the potential association between the high number of SARS-CoV-2 infections and air pollution is being studied. This relationship was already proven during the SARS outbreak in 2002. This article reviewed the scientific evidence to date regarding the possible influence of environmental temperature and air pollution on the transmission of SARS-CoV-2. It is concluded that the annual seasons and, therefore, the temperature do not seem to influence the spread of the virus. In addition, air pollutants facilitate infection and mortality from the virus

Household acquisition and transmission of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) -producing Enterobacteriaceae after hospital discharge of ESBL-positive index patients

Objectives: This study aimed to determine rates and risk factors of extended-spectrum b-lactamaseproducing Enterobacteriaceae (ESBL-PE) acquisition and transmission within households after hospital discharge of an ESBL-PE-positive index patient. Methods: Two-year prospective cohort study in five European cities. Patients colonized with ESBLproducing Escherichia coli (ESBL-Ec) or Klebsiella pneumoniae (ESBL-Kp), and their household contacts were followed up for 4 months after hospital discharge of the index case. At each follow up, participants provided a faecal sample and personal information. ESBL-PE whole-genome sequences were compared using pairwise single nucleotide polymorphism-based analysis. Results: We enrolled 71 index patients carrying ESBL-Ec (n ¼ 45), ESBL-Kp (n ¼ 20) or both (n ¼ 6), and 102 household contacts. The incidence of any ESBL-PE acquisition among household members initially free of ESBL-PE was 1.9/100 participant-weeks at risk. Nineteen clonally related household transmissions occurred (case to contact: 13; contact to case: 6), with an overall rate of 1.18 transmissions/100 participant-weeks at risk. Most of the acquisition and transmission events occurred within the first 2 months after discharge. The rate of ESBL-Kp household transmission (1.16/100 participant-weeks) was higher than of ESBL-Ec (0.93/100 participant-weeks), whereas more acquisitions were noted for ESBL-Ec (1.06/100 participant-weeks) compared with ESBL-Kp (0.65/100 participant-weeks). Providing assistance for urinary and faecal excretion to the index case by household members increased the risk of ESBL-PE transmission (adjusted prevalence ratio 4.3; 95% CI 1.3e14.1).Instituto de Salud Carlos II

Aporte de los procesos de memoria histórica a la resiliencia en mujeres víctimas del conflicto armado en Medellín del Ariari, El Castillo Meta

El presente trabajo de investigación se orientó a la identificación e interpretación de procesos de recuperación de la memoria histórica en un grupo de quince mujeres en edades entre 18-70 años, víctimas del conflicto armado, en el corregimiento de Medellín del Ariari municipio El Castillo, Meta; y su incidencia en la construcción de resiliencia. La investigación es de carácter cualitativo, basada en los principios de la teoría fundamentada, se usaron técnicas para la recolección de información como: diario de campo, entrevista semiestructurada, relatos personales, grupos focales, también se aplicó un instrumento cuantitativo denominado escala de resiliencia SV-RES. En el primer capítulo se aborda la memoria histórica en el contexto de los procesos desarrollados, de allí se dedujo algunos aportes significativos para la resiliencia. El segundo capítulo se centra en la resiliencia y la identificación de características resilientes a nivel personal y comunitario. En el tercer capítulo se desarrolla la categorización de los procesos de memoria histórica y de las características resilientes. Así, se establece un modelo de interpretación que identifica dos categorías principales: memoria histórica y resiliencia, en cada una de ellas se ubican subcategorías de análisis enfocadas a redes, vínculos, empoderamiento, emociones y sentimientos. A su vez el modelo presenta tres niveles de relación para cada categoría. En el análisis vale resaltar que emergieron dos niveles de resultados: Metas y Denuncia, las cuales tienen un carácter ascendente, es decir, los resultados manifiestan el camino recorrido en el contexto de referencia, y la actual realidad por el proceso desarrollado. Así mismo, la categoría reparación surge como resultado de las acciones realizadas en el proceso de recuperación de memoria histórica.The present investigation was oriented to the identification of recovery processes about historical memory in fifteen women´s group aged between 18 – 70 years, victims of the armed conflict, in Medellin del Ariari district, El Castillo, Meta; and also its impact on resilience construction. The investigation has a qualitative character, based on the principles of Grounded Theory; some techniques were used to collect information such as: field diary, semi-structured interview, personal stories, focus groups, and a quantitative instrument called resilience scale SV-RES was applied. In the first chapter, the historical memory is addressed by context in the processes developed, deducing some significant contributions to resilience situation. The second chapter focuses on resilience and identifying resilient characteristics personal and community levels. In the third chapter, was developed the historical memory and resilient characteristics categorization. As a result, an interpretation model is established that identifies two main categories: historical memory and resilience, in each of which are located analysis subcategories focused on networks, ties, empowerment, emotions and feelings. Besides, the model presents three relationship levels for each category. It is important to emphasize that emerged two levels as a results: Goals and Denunciation, which have an ascending character, which means, the results show the path taken in the reference context, and the current reality of the process. Likewise, the reparation category arises as a result of the actions carried out in the recovering historical memory process

Exposure to perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) and association with thyroid hormones in adolescent males

Background: Perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are found in a wide range of consumer products. Exposure to PFAS in children and adolescents may be associated with alterations in thyroid hormones, which have critical roles in brain function. Objective: This study investigated the association between plasma concentrations of PFAS and serum levels of total triiodothyronine (T3), free thyroxine (T4), and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) in adolescent males. Methods: In 2017–2019, 151 boys from the Environment and Childhood (INMA)-Granada birth cohort, Spain, participated in a clinical follow up visit at the age of 15–17 years. Plasma concentrations of ten PFAS (PFHxA, PFHpA, PFOA, PFNA, PFDA, PFUnDA, PFDoDA, PFTrDA, PFOS, and PFHxS) and serum thyroid hormones were measured in 129 of these boys. Linear regression analysis was performed to determine associations of individual PFAS with total T3, free T4, TSH, and free T4/TSH ratio, and quantile g-computation models were performed to assess the mixture effect. Additional models considered iodine status as effect modifier. Results: PFOS was the most abundant PFAS in plasma (median = 2.22 μg/L), followed by PFOA (median = 1.00 μg/L), PFNA (median = 0.41 μg/L), and PFHxS (median = 0.40 μg/L). When adjusted by confounders (including age, maternal schooling, and fish intake), PFOA and PFUnDA were associated with an increase in free T4 (β [95% CI] = 0.72 [0.06; 1.38] and 0.36 [0.04; 0.68] pmol/L, respectively, per two-fold increase in plasma concentrations), with no change in TSH. PFOS, the sum of PFOA, PFNA, PFOS, and PFHxS, and the sum of long-chain PFAS were marginally associated with increases in free T4. Associations with higher free T4 and/or total T3 were seen for several PFAS in boys with lower iodine intake (<108 μ/day) alone. Moreover, the PFAS mixture was association with an increase in free T4 levels in boys with lower iodine intake (% change [95% CI] = 6.47 [–0.69; 14.11] per each quartile increase in the mixture concentration). Conclusions: Exposure to PFAS, considered individually or as a mixture, was associated with an increase in free T4 levels in boys with lower iodine intake. However, given the small sample size, the extent of these alterations remains uncertainSpanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP)Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII) (grant no. CP16/00085

Risk Factors for Revision After Artificial Urinary Sphincter Implantation in Male Patients With Stress Urinary Incontinence: A 10-Year Retrospective Study.

Purpose To evaluate the preoperative and intraoperative risk factors for revision after artificial urinary sphincter (AUS) implantation in male patients with stress urinary incontinence (SUI). Methods A retrospective analysis from a prospectively maintained database was performed. Male patients, with moderate-tosevere SUI, undergoing AUS implantation were included. All patients underwent placement of AMS 800. Cause of revision, type of revision, and time to revision were recorded. Multivariable analyzes were performed using a logistic regression to investigate the risk factors. Competing risk analysis according to Fine-Gray model was used to study time to event data. Results A total of 70 patients were included. Revision surgery was performed in 22 of 70 patients (31.4%), after a median (interquartile range) time of 26.5 months (6.5–39.3 months). Overall, 19 of 22 repairs (86.4%) and 3 of 22 explants (13.6%) were recorded. Mechanical dysfunction, urethral erosion, urethral atrophy, and device infection were the causes of revision in 11 of 22 (50.0%), 6 of 22 (27.3%), 3 of 22 (13.6%), and 2 of 22 patients (9.1%). Vesicourethral anastomosis stenosis (P=0.02), urethral cuff size of 3.5 cm (P=0.029), and dual implantation (P=0.048) were independent predictors for revision. Vesicourethral anastomosis stenosis (P=0.01) and urethral cuff size of 3.5 cm (P=0.029) predicted a lower survival of the AUS. Conclusions The vesicourethral anastomosis stenosis, urethral cuff size of 3.5 cm, and dual implantation are independent predictors for revision after AUS implantation. However, only the vesicourethral anastomosis stenosis and urethral cuff size of 3.5 cm predict a lower survival of AUS.pre-print441 K

Conventional Hospitalization versus Sequential Outpatient Parenteral Antibiotic Therapy for Staphylococcus aureus Bacteremia: Post-Hoc Analysis of a Multicenter Observational Cohort

Staphylococcus aureus; Bacteremia; Outpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapyStaphylococcus aureus; Bacterièmia; Teràpia antimicrobiana parenteral ambulatòriaStaphylococcus aureus; Bacteriemia; Terapia antimicrobiana parenteral ambulatoriaIt is not known whether sequential outpatient parenteral antimicrobial (OPAT) is as safe and effective as conventional hospitalization in patients with S. aureus bacteremia (SAB). A post-hoc analysis of the comparative effectiveness of conventional hospitalization versus sequential OPAT was performed in two prospective Spanish cohorts of patients with S. aureus bacteremia. The PROBAC cohort is a national, multicenter, prospective observational cohort of patients diagnosed in 22 Spanish hospitals between October 2016 and March 2017. The DOMUS OPAT cohort is a prospective observational cohort including patients from two university hospitals in Seville, Spain from 2012 to 2021. Multivariate regression was performed, including a propensity score (PS) for receiving OPAT, stratified analysis according to PS quartiles, and matched pair analyses based on PS. Four hundred and thirteen patients were included in the analysis: 150 in sequential OPAT and 263 in the full hospitalization therapy group. In multivariate analysis, including PS and center effect as covariates, 60-day treatment failure was lower in the OPAT group than in the full hospitalization group (p < 0.001; OR 0.275, 95%CI 0.129−0.584). In the PS-based matched analyses, sequential treatment under OPAT was not associated with higher 60-day treatment failure (p = 0.253; adjusted OR 0.660; % CI 0.324−1.345). OPAT is a safe and effective alternative to conventional in-patient therapy for completion of treatment in well-selected patients with SAB, mainly those associated with a low-risk source and without end-stage kidney disease