Forecasting Energy Consumption Demand of Customers in Smart Grid Using Temporal Fusion Transformer (TFT)

Energy consumption prediction has always remained a concern for researchers because of the rapid growth of the human population and customers joining smart grids network for smart home facilities. Recently, the spread of COVID-19 has dramatically increased energy consumption in the residential sector. Hence, it is essential to produce energy per the residential customers\u27 requirements, improve economic efficiency, and reduce production costs. The previously published papers in the literature have considered the overall energy consumption prediction, making it difficult for production companies to produce energy per customers\u27 future demand. Using the proposed study, production companies can accurately have energy per their customers\u27 needs by forecasting future energy consumption demands. Scientists and researchers are trying to minimize energy consumption by applying different optimization and prediction techniques; hence this study proposed a daily, weekly, and monthly energy consumption prediction model using Temporal Fusion Transformer (TFT). This study relies on a TFT model for energy forecasting, which considers both primary and valuable data sources and batch training techniques. The model\u27s performance has been related to the Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM), LSTM interpretable, and Temporal Convolutional Network (TCN) models. The model\u27s performance has remained better than the other algorithms, with mean squared error (MSE), root mean squared error (RMSE), and mean absolute error (MAE) of 4.09, 2.02, and 1.50. Further, the overall symmetric mean absolute percentage error (sMAPE) of LSTM, LSTM interpretable, TCN, and proposed TFT remained at 29.78%, 31.10%, 36.42%, and 26.46%, respectively. The sMAPE of the TFT has proved that the model has performed better than the other deep learning models

Influence of Vitamins and Exogenous Enzymes Combination on alleviating Heat Stress in Lactating Ewes under Egyptian Summer Conditions

The present experiment was designed to study the effects of vitamin mixtures and exogenous enzymes ZADO® in alleviaties heat stress in ewes in summer temperatures (25-44°C) compared with winter temperatures (8-22°C). Fifty lactating Ossimi ewes were divided randomly into 5 treatment groups. In summer, the experiment included four treatments: (i) control i.e., normal summer conditions, no supplements (control 2), (ii) ewes supplemented with 10 g/head/day of ZADO® mixed in the concentrate, (iii) ewes supplemented with vitamin AD3E (250 mg/kg BW) and C (45 mg/kg BW) mixture, and (iv) ewes supplemented with ZADO® and vitamin mixture as above. In winter, the treatment comprised of assessments only under normal winter condition (8 to 22°C) without any additives (control 1). Blood and milk samples from each ewe were collected biweekly throughout lactation. Results indicate that plasma total protein, total lipids and glucose, and milk production and composition were decreased (P<0.01) in summer compared with winter. Addition of ZADO® increased plasma total protein, glucose, milk production, protein and lactose as compared with summer control (control 2). Vitamin mixture increased (P<0.01) plasma total protein, milk production and milk protein, but had no effect on total lipids, glucose, milk fat and lactose. Combination of vitamin mixture with ZADO® addition increased the ability of lactating ewes to alleviate hea

Assessment of Different Strategies in Optimizing Network Operation Incorporating PV System

Renewable distributed generation is increasingly deployed in distribution networks for meeting the rapidly-growing electricity demand and energy transition target. Its optimal integration could maximize the benefits in network operation and eliminate technical challenges to passive networks associated with its non-dispatchable generation characteristic. In this paper, various scenarios based on three different optimization strategies viz. i) distributed installation, ii) power factor and iii) network configuration are assessed. The optimization goals are minimizing active line losses and improving network voltage profile within the constraints. The analysis considers PV system integration, and the base configuration of centralized PV system installation is taken as the reference for comparison. Time-series load flow algorithm utilizing average PV system generation and load demand profiles is adopted in solving the multi-objective optimization problem with index weighting factors. A real 11 kV distribution network in Brunei is modeled as the test system and integrated with the scenario-based PV system. The variations in generation and demand are considered in the work. The findings present the opportunities in furthering network operation enhancement with the distributed installation strategy having the highest potential. The analysis provides a clear optimization potential of each scenario, which shall be beneficial to the utility in planning new deployment

Towards energy transition: conjoint assessment of large-scale PV system performance and interconnection impacts in isolated microgrid

Environmental, energy security and electricity demand concerns stimulate solar-grid integration. However, intermittent, non-dispatchable PV characteristics may challenge passive grid operation. This paper contains the comprehensive planning and assessment of a 2 MWp CdTe-based PV system deployment proposed for hybrid operation in an isolated 11 kV 10-bus microgrid in Brunei. The presented approach combinedly assesses PV system performance and scenario-based interconnection impacts based on a detailed PV system model considering deployment conditions. Various interconnection points with multiple sets of feeder-specific measured load profiles are examined. Results show the PV system designed for maximum annual generation achieves performance ratio of 90.6%. While time-series power flow assessment reveals grid operation enhancement, there are concerns at times of generation-demand mismatch requiring proper genset sequencing and reactive power management. Meanwhile, faster relay operating time and reverse fault current are demonstrated in existing protection scheme. Dynamic grid stabilities are preserved in various generation intermittency and loss events, including the most challenging condition of further inertia and spinning reserve reduction reaching a frequency of 96.02%. Finally, optimal interconnection point fulfilling multi-objectives on losses, voltage profile and line reserve capacity is identified. The findings indicate a good prospect of the synergy for advancing energy transition. The analysis could facilitate RE planning and policymaking

Left atrial and left atrial appendage functional recovery after cardioversion in patients with recent atrial fibrillation: Serial echocardiographic study

Background: The aim of this study is to point out timing of left atrium and its appendage functional recovery after cardioversion (CV) in recent onset atrial fibrillation (AF). Methods: Fifty patients; 27 within 48-h (group I) and 23 after 48-h (group II), of AF onset, who had successful CV underwent transthoracic echocardiography (TTE), before and im­mediately after CV, then 15, 30 and 90 days later. Transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) was performed for group II before and for all patients immediately after CV and 1 month later. Mitral peak A velocity and left atrial (LA) reversal (Ar) velocity, tissue Doppler imaging (TDI) of septal mitral annular velocity (A1) and LA free wall velocity (A3) were recorded. Absence or peak A velocity &lt; 50 cm/s was taken as a cut off value for atrial stunning. Intra-atrial conduction time (IACT) was measured. LA appendage late emptying (LAALE) velocity was measured by TEE-pulsed TDI of LA appendage. Results: Post CV, all group II and 34% of group I experienced stunning. In both groups, peak A, Ar, A1, A3 and LAALE velocities increased (p = 0.000), while IACT decreased (p = 0.000) progressively over time. Partial recovery occurred after 15 and 30 days, while full recovery occurred 30 and 90 days post CV in groups I and II, respectively. IACT1 and IACT2 correlated with LA diameter (r = 0.2778 and r = 0.227, respectively, p &lt; 0.01). Conclusions: Stunning and functional recovery of the LA and its appendage are strongly determined by the duration being in AF. Serial IACT by TDI was a good new parameter for detection of functional recovery of LA and LA appendage

The Burden of Revision Sinonasal Surgery in the UK – Data from the Chronic Rhinosinusitis Epidemiology Study (CRES); a cross sectional study

Objectives/Hypothesis The aim of this study was to investigate the surgical revision rate in patients with Chronic Rhinosinusitis (CRS) in the UK CRS Epidemiology Study (CRES). Previous evidence from national Sinonasal Audit showed that 1459 CRS patients demonstrated a surgical revision rate 19.1% at 5 years, with highest rates seen in those with polyps (20.6%). Setting Thirty secondary care centres around the UK. Participants A total of 221 controls and 1249 patients with CRS were recruited to the study including those with polyps (CRSwNPs), without polyps (CRSsNPs) and with allergic fungal rhinosinusitis (AFRS). Interventions Self-administered questionnaire. Primary outcome measure The need for previous sinonasal surgery. Results A total of 651 patients with CRSwNPs, 553 with CRSsNPs and 45 with AFRS were included. A total of 396 (57%) of patients with CRSwNPs/AFRS reported having undergone previous endoscopic nasal polypectomy (ENP), of which 182 of the 396 (46%) reported having received more than one operation. The mean number of previous surgeries per patient in the revision group was 3.3 (range 2 to 30) and a mean duration of time of 10 years since the last procedure. The average length of time since their first operation up to inclusion in the study was 15.5 years (range 0-74). Only 27.9% of all patients reporting a prior ENP had received concurrent endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) (n=102). For comparison, surgical rates in patients with CRSsNPs were significantly lower; 13% of cases specifically reported ESS and of those only 30% reported multiple procedures (chi-squared p < 0.001). Conclusions This study demonstrated there is a high burden of both primary and revision surgery in patients with CRS, worst in those with AFRS and least in those with CRSsNPs. The burden of revision surgery appears unchanged in the decade since the Sinonasal Audit

In vitro MATURATION OF DROMEDARY SHE-CAMEL OOCYTES EXPOSED TO LASER IRRADIATION

The objective of this study was to study the effect of laser irradiation on maturation rate of dromedary she-camel oocytes.  Although in vitro fertilization (IVF) technique in she-camel has been established, but maturation rate of camel oocytes is still low comparing with other animal species. Several studies performed to improve in-vitro maturation rate using different types of media with different incubation times. In order to establish high sensitive and low cost maturation improvement technique, laser irradiation has been suggested in the present work. Cumulus oocytes complexes (COCʼs) were collected from ovaries by aspiration method and grade (A) oocytes were chosen and divided into five different groups, 62 oocytes served as control group,  an un-irradiated (group 1), 64 oocytes exposed to 2 minutes of laser irradiation (group 2), 57 oocytes exposed to 3 minutes of laser irradiation (group 3), 49 oocytes exposed to 4 minutes of laser irradiation (group 4) and 52 oocytes exposed to 5 minutes of laser irradiation (group 5) with a total output power of 3 mW for different exposure durations; 2, 3, 4 and 5 minutes.  Afterwards, oocytes were matured in TCM-199 medium at 38.5oC and 5% CO2 in humidified air for 42 h. Maturation rate was calculated based on expulsion of the first polar body and statistically analyzed by one way ANOVA test.   The obtained results showed that, the oocytes reached germinal vesicles (GV) which exposed to laser beam for 5 minutes at 488 nm wavelength represent significantly (P<0.05) the highest value (42.31%) compared to control (not irradiated, 16.13%). However, other groups of GV showed insignificant differences with the control group. The metaphase II (M II) in the control oocytes represents significantly (P<0.05) the highest value (75.81%) compared to 3-5 minutes exposed groups. The degenerated oocytes exposed to laser beam for 5 minutes at 488 nm wavelength represent significantly (P<0.05) the highest value (40.38%) compared to control (not irradiated, 8.06%). In conclusion‚ these results indicated that the exposure of laser irradiation for 2 minutes may improve in-vitro nuclear maturation of immature oocytes in dromedary she-camels as compared to other durations (3-5 minutes) at 488 nm wavelength (blue laser)

ANTIBIOTIC SUSCEPTIBILITY PATTERN OF ESCHRICHIA COLI ISOLATES FROM CLINICAL SPECIMENS AT PIMS, ISLAMABAD

Background: E. coli is the most common producer of extended spectrum beta lactamase enzyme (ESBL) which confers broad spectrum resistance to antibiotics like penicillin, cephalosporin and monobactum. Methods and Materials: The present study was carried out at Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences, Islamabad. The marked resistance was viewed against amoxicilline-clavulanic acid, ceftriaxone and ceftazidime. The most effective drugs established were sulbactum-cefoparazone, amikacin, pepircillin-tazobactum. A total of 220 samples of wide range were selected, i.e., blood, urine, pus, sputum, etc. and were analyzed using various techniques of Gram staining and biochemical identification. Results: After performing antibiotic sensitivity tests, 83% samples came out to be ESBL positive and 17% were ESBL negative. Conclusion: It was concluded that to ensure adequate treatment of infections arising especially from urinary pathogens and controlling spread of bacterial resistant strains, the continuous monitoring by bacterial susceptibility testing is essential

SNOT-22 in a Control Population

AIM: To assess SNOT-22 and its subscales in a non-rhinosinusitis UK-wide population.  METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPLE: This analysis uses data from the 'Chronic Rhinosinusitis Epidemiology Study' (CRES) which recruited from 30 centres across the UK, and the Socioeconomic Cost of ChrOnic Rhinosinusitis study' (SocCoR); 250 volunteers without CRS were recruited as part of these studies. Study-specific questionnaires including demographics, socioeconomic factors and past medical history as well as SNOT-22 and SF-36 were distributed. The control (non-CRS) population had no self-reported nasal problems in the past, no chronic conditions undergoing active treatment and no hospital admissions in the preceding 12 months.  RESULTS: The mean SNOT-22 total score overall was 12.0. The mean was 10.2 for males with a median of 6.5, and a mean of 13.2 for females with a median of 9. Females scored significantly more highly than males on the sleep/fatigue and facial domains.  CONCLUSIONS: Our data demonstrate differences in SNOT-22 amongst males and females. These data can be used in future studies for comparison with different disease populations with rhinosinusitis. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved