Probing thermal dissipation dimensionality to laser ablation in the pulse duration range from 300 fs to 1 μs.pdf

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Effect of damage incubation in the laser grooving of sapphire

With the advancement of ultrashort pulsed-laser processing technologies, greater control of processing conditions has come into demand. A factor which particularly complicates ablation situations is “damage incubation,” a phenomenon in which the intrinsic optical properties of the processed material change due to accumulated defects from repeated laser excitation. Damage incubation can induce striking changes in the observed morphology during ablation and should be an important factor governing processing results. However, only a few studies have incorporated these effects into multiple-pulse ablation models due to its complexity. Here, in order to quantify the effects of damage incubation in a practical processing setting, we study ablation morphologies of shallow grooves formed on the surface of sapphire (α-Al2O3) with varying laser pulse number and energy in a purpose-made experiment. We observe clear evidence of incubation-induced changes in ablation phase and nonlinear dependence of depth on the incident total energy density. To understand the results, we create a simple empirical model for material energy absorption by characterizing interpulse absorption changes and analytically derive solutions for two limiting cases in which the material has either a very low (quasistatic absorption) or very high (accumulative absorption) damage incubation characteristic. By following the energy absorption characteristics predicted by the latter model, we were able to derive universal relations between ablated depth and incident energy density for sapphire. This work serves to highlight the effects of damage incubation on multiple-pulse ablation situations and provides a simple and practical method to predict such morphological characteristics of an arbitrary material

Thermal and Mechanical Design of Error Field Correction Coil for JT-60SA

The inhomogeneous poloidal magnetic field of tokamakdevice, which is called error field, has to be reduced becausethe error field degrades the plasma performance. There are 18 setsof EFC coils installed inside the vacuum vessel for JT-60SA tocompensate the error field. The conceptual design of EFC coilshas been completed. The water-cooled hollow copper conductorwas selected to reduce the conductor size since the available spacefor EFC coils is small. The outer size of the conductor and thediameter of the cooling channel were optimized in consideringhydraulic and thermal characteristics. The design of the conductorwas validated by the testing of a mock-up coil. The bar springsare used for the structure of EFC coils. The structural analysiswas performed to optimize the parameters of bar springs. Theresults of structural analysis suggest that the structure of EFCcoils can be used for both the conditions of plasma operation andbaking operation with the use of Inconel625 for bar springs. In thispaper, the specification of the JT-60SA EFC coils, the test results ofmock-up coils, and the structural analysis results of the EFC coilstructure are described. The manufacture of EFC coils has startedbased on these designs

Identification of Bitterness-Masking Compounds from Cheese

Bitterness-masking compounds were identified in a natural white mold cheese. The oily fraction of the cheese was extracted and further fractionated by using silica gel column chromatography. The four fractions obtained were characterized by thin-layer chromatography and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The fatty acid-containing fraction was found to have the highest bitterness-masking activity against quinine hydrochloride. Bitterness-masking activity was quantitated using a method based on subjective equivalents. At 0.5 mM, the fatty acid mixture, which had a composition similar to that of cheese, suppressed the bitterness of 0.008% quinine hydrochloride to be equivalent to that of 0.0049–0.0060% and 0.5 mM oleic acid to that of 0.0032–0.0038% solution. The binding potential between oleic acid and the bitter compounds was estimated by isothermal titration calorimetry. These results suggest that oleic acid masked bitterness by forming a complex with the bitter compounds

Characteristics of the Novel Potassium-Competitive Acid Blocker Vonoprazan Fumarate (TAK-438)

<p><strong>Article full text</strong></p> <p><br><br> The full text of this article can be found here. <a href="https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12325-016-0345-2">https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12325-016-0345-2</a></p><p></p><p> <br><br> <strong>Provide enhanced digital features for this article</strong><br> There are currently no enhanced digital features for this article. If you are an author of this publication and would like to provide additional enhanced digital features for your article then please contact [email protected].<br> <br><br> The journal offers a range of additional enhanced digital features designed to increase visibility and readership. All features will be thoroughly peer reviewed to ensure the content is of the highest scientific standard and all features are marked as ‘peer reviewed’ to ensure readers are aware that the content has been reviewed to the same level as the articles they are being presented alongside. Moreover, all sponsorship and disclosure information is included to provide complete transparency and adherence to good publication practices. This ensures that however the content is reached the reader has a full understanding of its origin. No fees are charged for hosting additional open access content.<br> <br><br> Other enhanced features include, but are not limited to:</p> <p>• Summary Slides</p> <p>• Slide decks</p> <p>• Videos and animations</p> <p>• Audio abstracts</p> <p>Audio slides</p

Concept design of the LiteBIRD satellite for CMB B-mode polarization

LiteBIRD is a candidate for JAXA's strategic large mission to observe the cosmic microwave background (CMB) polarization over the full sky at large angular scales. It is planned to be launched in the 2020s with an H3 launch vehicle for three years of observations at a Sun-Earth Lagrangian point (L2). The concept design has been studied by researchers from Japan, U.S., Canada and Europe during the ISAS Phase-A1. Large scale measurements of the CMB B-mode polarization are known as the best probe to detect primordial gravitational waves. The goal of LiteBIRD is to measure the tensor-to-scalar ratio (r) with precision of r < 0:001. A 3-year full sky survey will be carried out with a low frequency (34 - 161 GHz) telescope (LFT) and a high frequency (89 - 448 GHz) telescope (HFT), which achieve a sensitivity of 2.5 \u3bcK-arcmin with an angular resolution 30 arcminutes around 100 GHz. The concept design of LiteBIRD system, payload module (PLM), cryo-structure, LFT and verification plan is described in this paper