Analisis Pendapatan Usaha Industri Jamu di Kelompok Tani Prima Mandiri Desa Usapinonot

Penelitian ini dilakukan di Kecamatan Insana Barat Kabupaten Timor Tengah Utara, tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pendapatan USAha industri jamu di Kelompok Tani Prima Mandiri, dan untuk mengetahui keuntungan relatif USAha industri jamu di Kelompok Tani Mandiri. Metode pengambilan data dilakukan secara survei dengan jenis data berupa data primer dan data sekunder. Analisis data dilakukan dengan menggunakan analisis deskriptif, analisis pendapatan dan analisis R/C ratio. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan beberapa kesimpulan yakni, penerimaan untuk keseluruhan responden dalam empat kali produksi (1 bulan) adalah sebesar Rp. 44.000.000 dengan rata-rata per responden adalah sebesar Rp. 4.000.000. Total biaya produksi untuk keseluruhan responden dalam empat kali produksi (bulan) adalah sebesar Rp. 18.329.500 dengan rata-rata Rp. 1.666.318 per responden. Total pendapatan USAha industri jamu untuk keseluruhan responden dalam satu kali produksi adalah sebesar Rp. 4.776.500 dengan rata-rata Rp. 434.277, sedangkan total pendapatan untuk keseluruhan responden dalam empat kali produksi (bulan) adalah sebesar Rp. 19.248.000 dengan rata-rata per responden adalah sebesar Rp.1.749.818. hal ini menunjukkan bahwa penerimaan, biaya produksi dan pendapatan sangat bervariasi. Nilai rata-rata R/C ratio dari USAha industri jamu adalah sebesar 1,9 sehingga USAha industri jamu tersebut secara ekonomis menguntungkan dan dapat dilanjutkan.. ©2016 dipublikasikan oleh Agrimor

High-Resolution X-Ray Spectroscopy of the Accretion Disk Corona Source 4U 1822-37

We present a preliminary analysis of the X-ray spectrum of the accretion disk corona source, 4U 1822-37, obtained with the High Energy Transmission Grating Spectrometer onboard the Chandra X-ray Observatory. We detect discrete emission lines from photoionized iron, silicon, magnesium, neon, and oxygen, as well as a bright iron fluorescence line. Phase-resolved spectroscopy suggests that the recombination emission comes from an X-ray illuminated bulge located at the predicted point of impact between the disk and the accretion stream. The fluorescence emission originates in an extended region on the disk that is illuminated by light scattered from the corona.Comment: 12 pages, 6 figures; Accepted for publication in ApJ Letter

The flux of noncommutative U(1) instanton through the fuzzy spheres

From the ADHM construction on noncommutative $R_{\theta}^4$ we investigate different U(1) instanton solutions tied by isometry trasformations. These solutions present a form of vector fields in noncommutative $R_{\theta}^3$ vector space which makes possible the calculus of their fluxes through fuzzy spheres. We establish the noncommutative analog of Gauss theorem from which we show that the flux of the U(1) instantons through fuzzy spheres does not depend on the radius of these spheres and it is invariant under isometry transformations.Comment: 18 pages, new version to appear in Int. Jour. of Mod. Phys.

Instanton Number of Noncommutative U(n) gauge theory

We show that the integral of the first Pontrjagin class is given by an integer and it is identified with instanton number of the U(n) gauge theory on noncommutative ${\bf R^4}$. Here the dimension of the vector space $V$ that appear in the ADHM construction is called Instanton number. The calculation is done in operator formalism and the first Pontrjagin class is defined by converge series. The origin of the instanton number is investigated closely, too.Comment: 6 color figures, 27 pages, some comments and references are added,typos fixe

The Ionized Stellar Wind in Vela X-1 During Eclipse

We present a first analysis of a high resolution X-ray spectrum of the ionized stellar wind of Vela X-1 during eclipse. The data were obtained with the High Energy Transmission Grating Spectrometer onboard the Chandra X-ray Observatory. The spectrum is resolved into emission lines with fluxes between 0.02 and 1.04x10^4 ph/cm^2/s. We identify lines from a variety of charge states, including fluorescence lines from cold material, a warm photoionized wind. We can exclude signatures from collisionally ionized plasmas. For the first time we identify fluorescence lines from L-shell ions from lower Z elements. We also detect radiative recombination continua from a kT = 10 eV (1.2 x 10^5 K) photoionized optically thin gas. The fluorescence line fluxes infer the existence of optically thick and clumped matter within or outside the warm photoionized plasma.Comment: 4 pages, 2 figures, accepted by ApJ letter

Polar Field Reversal Observations with Hinode

We have been monitoring yearly variation in the Sun's polar magnetic fields with the Solar Optical Telescope aboard {\it Hinode} to record their evolution and expected reversal near the solar maximum. All magnetic patches in the magnetic flux maps are automatically identified to obtain the number density and magnetic flux density as a function of th total magnetic flux per patch. The detected magnetic flux per patch ranges over four orders of magnitude ($10^{15}$ -- $10^{20}$ Mx). The higher end of the magnetic flux in the polar regions is about one order of magnitude larger than that of the quiet Sun, and nearly that of pores. Almost all large patches ($\geq 10^{18}$ Mx) have the same polarity, while smaller patches have a fair balance of both polarities. The polarity of the polar region as a whole is consequently determined only by the large magnetic concentrations. A clear decrease in the net flux of the polar region is detected in the slow rising phase of the current solar cycle. The decrease is more rapid in the north polar region than in the south. The decrease in the net flux is caused by a decrease in the number and size of the large flux concentrations as well as the appearance of patches with opposite polarity at lower latitudes. In contrast, we do not see temporal change in the magnetic flux associated with the smaller patches ($< 10^{18}$ Mx) and that of the horizontal magnetic fields during the years 2008--2012.Comment: 21 pages, 7 figures. Accepted for publication in Ap

Instanton Number Calculus on Noncommutative R^4

In noncommutative spaces, it is unknown whether the Pontrjagin class gives integer, as well as, the relation between the instanton number and Pontrjagin class is not clear. Here we define ``Instanton number'' by the size of $B_{\alpha}$ in the ADHM construction. We show the analytical derivation of the noncommuatative U(1) instanton number as an integral of Pontrjagin class (instanton charge) with the Fock space representation. Our approach is for the arbitrary converge noncommutative U(1) instanton solution, and is based on the anti-self-dual (ASD) equation itself. We give the Stokes' theorem for the number operator representation. The Stokes' theorem on the noncommutative space shows that instanton charge is given by some boundary sum. Using the ASD conditions, we conclude that the instanton charge is equivalent to the instanton number.Comment: 29 pages, 7 figures, some statements in Sec.4.3 correcte