Marine and Coastal Resources Governance Issues in Casamance, Senegal: Example of MPAs

          The maritime space of Casamance (south of Senegal), like everywhere in the West African coast has become a territory of competition for projects on both local and international scales. This competition appears in different forms and affects several sectors (fishing, tourism, real property, mining, etc.). These different actors have developed forms of competition that are poorly circumscribed by public policies, thus leading the State of Senegal to resort to marine protected areas (MPAs). Moreover, the governance of Marine Protected Areas has become a trend thanks to its participatory approach highlighting the common desire to preserve marine and costal natural resources. In this work, we studied the role of Protected Areas in the regulation of tensions around marine and coastal resources in Casamance. The approach is based on the review of documents (scientific and strategic policies, etc.), and field training on the protected areas of Casamance. The results shown that the MPAs are an excellent governance strategy and have led to better conservation of marine and coastal resources in Casamance

Marine and Coastal Resources Governance Issues in Casamance, Senegal: Example of MPAs

          The maritime space of Casamance (south of Senegal), like everywhere in the West African coast has become a territory of competition for projects on both local and international scales. This competition appears in different forms and affects several sectors (fishing, tourism, real property, mining, etc.). These different actors have developed forms of competition that are poorly circumscribed by public policies, thus leading the State of Senegal to resort to marine protected areas (MPAs). Moreover, the governance of Marine Protected Areas has become a trend thanks to its participatory approach highlighting the common desire to preserve marine and costal natural resources. In this work, we studied the role of Protected Areas in the regulation of tensions around marine and coastal resources in Casamance. The approach is based on the review of documents (scientific and strategic policies, etc.), and field training on the protected areas of Casamance. The results shown that the MPAs are an excellent governance strategy and have led to better conservation of marine and coastal resources in Casamance

Marine and Coastal Resources Governance Issues in Casamance, Senegal: Example of MPAs

               The maritime zone of Casamance (south of Senegal), like everywhere in the West African coast, has become a competitive area for development projects. This competition appears in different forms and affects several sectors (fishing, tourism, real property, mining, etc.). These different actors have developed forms of competition that are poorly circumscribed by public policies, thus leading the State of Senegal to resort to Marine Protected Areas (MPAs). The governance of Marine Protected Areas has also become a trend due to its participatory approach which highlights the common desire to preserve marine and costal natural resources. The framework of the participatory governance has organisational and legal limitations that require corrections sometimes in order to become more effective and efficient. This paper focuses on the role of protected areas in the regulation of tensions around marine and coastal resources in Casamance. The approach is based on the review of documents (scientific and strategic policies, etc.) and field training on the protected areas of Casamance. The results indicate that the MPAs are an excellent governance strategy and have led to better conservation of marine and coastal resources in Casamance

Efficacité du rechargement de la plage de Pilote Bar (Saint-Louis) après une décennie d'érosion

L'ouverture d'une brèche dans la bande de sable de la Langue de Barbarie à Saint Louis (Sénégal) en 2004 a eu des conséquences sur l'étendue du bief fleuve-mer du Gandiolais. En effet, les zones en face de la brèche deviennent très vulnérables à l'action des vagues dévastatrices de la Grande Côte. La décision d'une protection douce par envasement a été prix pour protéger le village de Pilote Bar des risques d'érosion et de submersion marine. Cette première expérience au Sénégal a eu des résultats positifs. La recharge de la plage du Pilote Bar a favorisé la formation d'un lagon. Une sédimentation et une augmentation de la hauteur des pentes des plages voisines ont également été observées.Les courants mesurés par l'ADCP RIVER 1200 kW, présentent un fonctionnement normal caractéristique d'une zone fluvio-maritime.   This work presents the results of a morpho-dynamic and sedimentological monitoring after beach nourishment and the consecutive formation of a lagoon. Topographic measurements have allowed determining the origin of the sediments present in the lagoon. The movement of the sediments is from the high beach to the lagoon. The analysis of current velocities shows a normal functioning of a fluvio-maritime system with high velocities during the flood period and low velocities during the ebb. Particle size analysis shows that fine-grained sediments are deposited in the underwater part of the beach profile. This first experiment in Senegal had positive results. The recharging of the Pilote Bar beach has favoured the formation of a lagoon. Sedimentation and increase in the height of the slopes of the neighboring beaches were also observed. The currents measured by the ADCP RIVER 1200 kW, indicate a normal operation characteristic of a fluviomaritime zone

Enseignement de la migration au Sénégal

Introduction Le fait migratoire a fait l’objet d’une nouvelle sémantique dans le champ scientifique (Pennec, 2014). Composée désormais des notions de « champs migratoires », d’« espaces migratoires », de « territoires de la mobilité » ou encore de « migration circulaire » et de « système migratoire », cette sémantique traduit un tournant épistémologique de la géographie. Ce tournant est néanmoins décalé par rapport aux contenus des programmes scolaires. Au Sénégal, ceux-ci restent marqués pa..

The evolving SARS-CoV-2 epidemic in Africa: Insights from rapidly expanding genomic surveillance

INTRODUCTION Investment in Africa over the past year with regard to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) sequencing has led to a massive increase in the number of sequences, which, to date, exceeds 100,000 sequences generated to track the pandemic on the continent. These sequences have profoundly affected how public health officials in Africa have navigated the COVID-19 pandemic. RATIONALE We demonstrate how the first 100,000 SARS-CoV-2 sequences from Africa have helped monitor the epidemic on the continent, how genomic surveillance expanded over the course of the pandemic, and how we adapted our sequencing methods to deal with an evolving virus. Finally, we also examine how viral lineages have spread across the continent in a phylogeographic framework to gain insights into the underlying temporal and spatial transmission dynamics for several variants of concern (VOCs). RESULTS Our results indicate that the number of countries in Africa that can sequence the virus within their own borders is growing and that this is coupled with a shorter turnaround time from the time of sampling to sequence submission. Ongoing evolution necessitated the continual updating of primer sets, and, as a result, eight primer sets were designed in tandem with viral evolution and used to ensure effective sequencing of the virus. The pandemic unfolded through multiple waves of infection that were each driven by distinct genetic lineages, with B.1-like ancestral strains associated with the first pandemic wave of infections in 2020. Successive waves on the continent were fueled by different VOCs, with Alpha and Beta cocirculating in distinct spatial patterns during the second wave and Delta and Omicron affecting the whole continent during the third and fourth waves, respectively. Phylogeographic reconstruction points toward distinct differences in viral importation and exportation patterns associated with the Alpha, Beta, Delta, and Omicron variants and subvariants, when considering both Africa versus the rest of the world and viral dissemination within the continent. Our epidemiological and phylogenetic inferences therefore underscore the heterogeneous nature of the pandemic on the continent and highlight key insights and challenges, for instance, recognizing the limitations of low testing proportions. We also highlight the early warning capacity that genomic surveillance in Africa has had for the rest of the world with the detection of new lineages and variants, the most recent being the characterization of various Omicron subvariants. CONCLUSION Sustained investment for diagnostics and genomic surveillance in Africa is needed as the virus continues to evolve. This is important not only to help combat SARS-CoV-2 on the continent but also because it can be used as a platform to help address the many emerging and reemerging infectious disease threats in Africa. In particular, capacity building for local sequencing within countries or within the continent should be prioritized because this is generally associated with shorter turnaround times, providing the most benefit to local public health authorities tasked with pandemic response and mitigation and allowing for the fastest reaction to localized outbreaks. These investments are crucial for pandemic preparedness and response and will serve the health of the continent well into the 21st century

Incidences de l'instabilite des ressources en eau de surface sur les performances simulees d'un systeme d'eau. Exemple du Sassandra en Cote d'Ivoire

SIGLEAvailable from INIST (FR), Document Supply Service, under shelf-number : T 79900 / INIST-CNRS - Institut de l'Information Scientifique et TechniqueFRFranc

Champ épistémique des travaux des géographes Paul Pélissier et Cheikh Ba : entre complémentarités, recoupements et débordements disciplinaires

Cet article s’intéresse à la manière dont Cheikh Ba, géographe africain, a redéfini la frontière tracée par la géographie africaniste de Paul Pélissier, son maître. Il analyse les contenus de leurs thèses, bibliographies, appels de références et correspondances afin de circonscrire leur champ épistémique. Il s’agit de caractériser la circulation des savoirs et d’analyser leur rapport différencié aux systèmes politiques colonial et postcolonial et à la discipline géographique. Les résultats montrent que Paul Pélissier et Cheikh Ba ont respectivement investi, environ un demi-siècle durant, de 1951 à 2000, les deux grands objets de la géographie rurale au Sénégal : l’agriculture et l’élevage. Même si on observe une identité problématique et thématique partagée par ces deux chercheurs, leurs approches diffèrent. La géographie politique, la géopolitique et la prise en compte de l’ensemble des échelles et temporalités ont constitué les marques de renouveau portées par Cheikh Ba comme empreinte proprement africaine à sa démarche.This article examines the way an African geographer, Cheikh Ba, redefined the boundary drawn by the Africanist geography of Paul Pélissier, his mentor. It analyzes the contents of their theses, bibliographies, references included in texts, and correspondences in order to clearly define their epistemic field. It also characterizes the circulation of knowledge and studies their differentiated relationship to colonial and post-colonial political systems and geographical discipline. The findings show that Paul Pélissier and Cheikh Ba respectively spearheaded research for about half a century (from 1951 to 2000) in the two major areas of rural geography in Senegal: agriculture and livestock. Even if both researchers developed similar issues and topics, their approaches in dealing with them are different. Political geography, geopolitics and the difference in scale in terms of space and time are the tokens of rebirth that Cheikh Ba has exemplified as an exclusive African imprint.Aquí se trata de la manera cómo Cheikh Ba, geógrafo africano, redefinió la frontera trazada por la geografía africanista de Paul Pélissier, su maestro. Para delimitar el campo epistémico de éste, Cheikh Ba analiza el contenido de sus tesis, la bibliografía, las notas de referencias y la correspondencia. Se tenía que determinar la circulación de los conocimientos y analizar la relación diferenciada de éstos con los sistemas políticos colonial y post-colonial, y con la disciplina geográfica. Los resultados muestran que Paul Pélissier y Cheikh Ba respectivamente ocuparon, durante medio siglo (1951 a 2000), los dos grandes objetos de la geografía rural en Senegal: la agricultura y la ganadería. Aunque se observe una problemática y una temática idéntica, compartida entre los dos investigadores, los enfoques difieren. La geografía política, la geopolítica y la consideración del conjunto de escalas y temporalidades constituyen indicadores de renovación asestada por Cheikh Ba, como marca propiamente africana de su método