Preleukemia: hematological disorders prior to onset of leukemia

Published data on Japanese leukemia patients with a preleukemic hematological disorder were assessed. The reexamined cases were from the &#34;Japona Centra Revuo Medicina&#34; reported during the period from 1952 to 1971. Among preleukemic hematological disorders, hypoplastic anemia was the most frequently reported (41 of 62 cases). These &#34;hypoplastic preleukemia&#34; patients were rather elderly and terminated mostly in atypical myelocytic leukemia. The chief hematological feature of the hypoplastic preleukemia cases was the coexistence of a relative erythroid hyperplasia and a slight increase of myeloblasts in the bone marrow that was unusual in hypoplastic anemia. The presence of pancytopenia and hypocellular marrow with a relative erythroid hyperplasia combined with a slight increase of myeloblasts probably indicates hypoplastic preleukemia that terminates later in acute leukemia.</p

Single-Molecule FRET to Measure Conformational Dynamics of DNA Mismatch Repair Proteins

Single-molecule FRET measurements have a unique sensitivity to protein conformational dynamics. The FRET signals can either be interpreted quantitatively to provide estimates of absolute distance in a molecule configuration or can be qualitatively interpreted as distinct states, from which quantitative kinetic schemes for conformational transitions can be deduced. Here we describe methods utilizing single-molecule FRET to reveal the conformational dynamics of the proteins responsible for DNA mismatch repair. Experimental details about the proteins, DNA substrates, fluorescent labeling, and data analysis are included. The complementarity of single molecule and ensemble kinetic methods is discussed as well

Estudo dos estilos de liderança nas Forças Armadas de Angola

O objetivo principal da presente investigação é o estudo dos estilos de liderança presente nas Forças Armadas de Angola, bem como o impacto destes estilos nos resultados da liderança, como a satisfação, a eficácia e o esforço extra. Os dados foram recolhidos através de um questionário que usou a escala Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire (MLQ) constituída por 45 itens e ainda questões de natureza sociodemográfica, adaptado para ser aplicado a líderes e a não líderes na Academia da Força Aérea do Lobito, em Angola. Os questionários dai resultantes foram aplicados a 238 indivíduos, sendo a amostra composta por 31% de líderes e 69% de subordinados. Os dados obtidos foram tratados com recurso ao SPSS 25.0 e aplicadas técnicas estatísticas como testes de fiabilidade, medidas descritivas, testes não paramétricos, regressão linear e associação de variáveis. Os dados analisados permitiram concluir que os líderes percecionaram com maior frequência uma liderança do tipo transformacional, enquanto os liderados apontaram para um estilo do tipo transacional. O estilo de liderança que produz maior impacto nos resultados é o transformacional

Achieving Cooperative Behavior Based on Intention Estimation by Learning Combinations of Modules

A robot needs to process information appropriately depending on the environment or context. However, some of the abilities required by a robot are often common irrespective of the environment or context. In such situations, the learning agent should not learn the abilities again but use the learning results of previous tasks. In the field of the study of intellectual systems, models have been proposed that solve complex problems by combining modules, each of which serve a specific function such as recognition, planning, or action selection. The models can use the learning results of previous tasks in different environments or contexts by combining modules it has learnt. In this paper, we focus on achieving cooperative behavior based on intention estimation, and propose a model for a learning agent that can acquire combinations of modules using which the agent can achieve cooperative behavior based on intention estimation. The experimental results indicate that a desirable combination of the modules was acquired and the learning process suitably progressed

ラット大脳皮質内移植青斑核神経細胞に対する神経栄養因子

金沢大学医学部・付属病院はじめに:我々は、中枢神経の神経細胞の移植実験を行ない、移植細胞とホストの神経系との相互関係を、神経栄養因子という概念を念頭に置いて考察してきた。昨年度までは、ラット胎仔青斑核より採取したノルアドレナリン(NA)作動性神経細胞を成熟ラット前頭葉皮質内に移植し、移植細胞によるNA産生が、移植部位に投射するホスト内因性NA神経の事前の除去の有無により影響を受けるかるか否かを検討してきた。結果は否であった。本年度は、移植部位を海馬とし、海馬の主要な求心性および遠心性神経経路の一つである脳弓・海馬来(F-F)の切断が、移植細胞のNA産生に与える影響を検討した。材料と方法:胎生16日ラット胎仔脳より脳幹部分を切りだし、青斑核NA神経細胞を含む神経細胞浮遊液を作製、成熟ラット海馬内に移植した。ホストとなる成熟ラットは、それに加える処置により次の4群に分けられた。なお4群とも、以下の実験開始に先だって実験側の上頚神経節切除を受けた。第1群:前処置なしで移植のみ施行。第2群:前処置も移植も施行せず。第3群:前処置としてF-F切断を行ない、その1週間後に移植を施行。第4群:F-F切断のみを施行し移植はなし。各群とも移植後6週の時点に合わせて屠殺し、海馬内のNA濃度を測定した。比較はt検定によった。結果:海馬NA濃度は第1群210±110ng/gtissue(n=9),第2群207±83(n=3),第3群139±63(n=9),第4群65±51(n=3)であった。考察と結論:第1群および第2群のNA濃度は、脳弓経由の内因性NA神経投射が無傷なため、F-F切断を受けた第3群および第4群に較べ高値であるが、第1群と第2群の間に差は認められず、F-F切断のない場合には移植された神経細胞によるNA産生はほとんどないものと考えられた。一方、第3群と第4群間の差は有意であり、移植細胞によるNA産生が確認された。同系統(ここではNA系)の破壊のみでは栄養効果の発現が認められないのに対し、多系統の求心性および遠心性の神経系が障害された場合には、海馬内に移植細胞に対する栄養効果(栄養因子)の発現する可能性が示唆された。Neuronal cell suspension containing noradrenergic locus coeruleus (LC) neurons was prepared from embryonic rat brain and was transplanted in adult rat brain. Meanwhile the transplanted neurons provide their product (s) to the recipient, their activities are also influenced by the condition of the recipient. It is supposed that lesions inflicted on the neuronal tissue result in the increase of neurotrophic factors in the surrounding neuronal tissue. Influences of recipient neuronal tissue exerted on the transplanted noradrenergic neurons were examined in either condition that the recipient had had any neuronal lesion or it had been intact when the neurons were transplanted.Two series of experiments were designed according to the site of the transplantation and the sort of the lesion. In the first series, the embryonic neurons were transplanted in the frontal cortex, and the recipient animals received ipsilateral electrical LC lesion before (the pre-lesioned group) or after (the post-lesioned group) the transplantation. The LC lesion reduced the intrinsic NA content in the frontal cortex to about 20% of that of the normal animals. The NA content beyond this residual level were thought to be synthesized by the transplanted neurons. The amount of NA synthesized by the transplanted neurons was almost equivalent in the pre-lesioned group and in the post-lesioned group, suggesting that the preceding removal of intrinsic noradrenergic innervation in the site of transplantation exerted no trophic effect on the synthesis of NA by the transplanted neurons.In the second series, the neurons were transplanted in the hippocampus, and the recipient animals received ipsilateral fimbria-fornix (FF) transection before (the pre-transected group) or after (the post-transected group) the transplantation. In this series, animals received the removal of the ipsilateral superior cervical ganglion 3 weeks prior to the beginning of the experiment in order to eliminate the ingrowth of peripheral sympathetic nerve fibers into the hippocampus following the FF transection. The FF is the rout of various afferent and efferent nerve fibers to and from the hippocampus, including the LC to hippocampal noradrenergic fibers. The NA content in the hippocampus decreased following the FF transection. The NA synthesized by the transplanted neurons was also calculated in this series. The amount of NA synthesized in the pre-transected group surpassed that in the post-lesioned group. The result indicated that the FF transection yielded the increase of trophic activity toward noradrenergic neurons in the hippocampus.We concluded from the overall experiments that the elimination of the mono-component nervous system (LC noradrenergic projection) in the recipient animal could not stimulate the activity of the transplanted noradrenergic neurons, but the lesion extended over several components of afferent and effrent nerve fibers could do so.研究課題/領域番号:03670414, 研究期間(年度):1991 – 1993出典：研究課題「ラット大脳皮質内移植青斑核神経細胞に対する神経栄養因子」課題番号03670414（KAKEN：科学研究費助成事業データベース（国立情報学研究所）） （https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/ja/report/KAKENHI-PROJECT-03670414/036704141993kenkyu_seika_hokoku_gaiyo/）を加工して作

Antitumor activity of neocarzinostatin, effect on Rauscher leukemia in mice

Neocarzinostatin (NCS), an antibiotic with a high molecular weight, showed an inhibittory effect on Rauscher mouse leukemia. In normal mice, no significant changes were found in peri· pheral blood pictures except a tendency of lymphocytopenia, when O. 05mg/kg/day and O.50mg/kg/day of NCS were injected intraperi. toneally to two groups of mice for three days. On the other hand, peripheral nucleated cells of Rauscher leukemic mice decreased after intraperitoneal administration of NCS in a dose over O.25mg/kg/day for three days. The cells affected by NCS were mainly erythroblasts and smudged cells. Spleens of Rauscher leukemic mice treated with NCS have been reduced in weight, and histological examinations of livers showed a signicant decrease of infiltrating cells. In three groups treated with 0.25mg/kg/day of NCS for seven days, O.25mg/kg/day for three days and O.50mg/kg/day for three days, the.5()% survival time was longer than in the control group. Particularly, the 50% survival time in Rauscher leukemic mice treated with 0.50 mg/kg/day for three days was over twice that of the control group.</p

神経筋接合部におけるカルシウムおよびカルモジュリンの役割に関する形態学的研究

金沢大学医学部研究課題/領域番号:58770576, 研究期間(年度):1983出典：研究課題「神経筋接合部におけるカルシウムおよびカルモジュリンの役割に関する形態学的研究」課題番号58770576（KAKEN：科学研究費助成事業データベース（国立情報学研究所）） （https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/ja/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-58770576/）を加工して作

Partially functional outer arm dynein in a novel Chlamydomonas mutant expressing a truncated γ heavy chain

The outer dynein arm of Chlamydomonas flagella contains three heavy chains (α, β, and γ), each of which exhibits motor activity. How they assemble and cooperate is of considerable interest. Here we report the isolation of a novel mutant, oda2-t, whose γ heavy chain is truncated at about 30% of the sequence. While the previously isolated γ chain mutant oda2 lacks the entire outer arm, oda2-t retains outer arms that contain α and β heavy chains, suggesting that the N-terminal sequence (corresponding to the tail region) is necessary and sufficient for stable outer-arm assembly. Thin-section electron microscopy and image analysis localize the γ heavy chain to a basal region of the outer-arm image in the axonemal cross section. The motility of oda2-t is lower than that of the wild type and oda11 (lacking the α heavy chain) but higher than that of oda2 and oda4-s7 (lacking the motor domain of the β heavy chain). Thus, the outer-arm dynein lacking the γ heavy-chain motor domain is partially functional. The availability of mutants lacking individual heavy chains should greatly facilitate studies on the structure and function of the outer-arm dynein