〈個人研究〉非制限用法の指導法について

英語教育の世界では，関係節の指導法を巡って議論がなされてきたが，その多くが制限用法の関係節についてであり，非制限用法の関係節に関してはあまり議論されていないように思われる。本稿では，非制限用法に焦点を当て，英語の修飾構造の特質を整理しながらその指導法を検討する。結論としては，①日本語を用いて非制限用法の感覚を掴ませること，②非制限用法を英語の修飾構造という大枠の中で体系的に位置づけること，が肝要であると思われる。また，英語の関係節・非制限用法には現在の英文法参考書で扱いきれていない言語現象があることも最後に付け加えておきたい

Lateral Loading Tests in The Pit for a Large-Diameter Deep Pile

Although the ground supporting the foundation can be regarded as three-dimensional nonlinear continuous body, in design, grounds are modeled as linear elastic springs. However, in reality, grounds exhibit nonlinear load-displacement (ρ-δ) characteristics. In Specifications for Highway Bridges (Japan Road Association, 1994), ground reaction coefficient is defined as the secant slope of noticeable displacement and load intensity on ρ-δ curve corrected according to width of foundation. For the purpose of examining the scale effect of large-diameter pile, this paper presents a study on scale effect of lateral ground reaction coefficient based on results of lateral loading tests performed using large loading plate in the pit of a large-diameter deep pile

Crystal Structure of 200 K-Superconducting Phase of Sulfur Hydride System

This article reports the experimentally clarified crystal structure of a recently discovered sulfur hydride in high temperature superconducting phase which has the highest critical temperature Tc over 200 K which has been ever reported. For understanding the mechanism of the high superconductivity, the information of its crystal structure is very essential. Herein we have carried out the simultaneous measurements electrical resistance and synchrotron x-ray diffraction under high pressure, and clearly revealed that the hydrogen sulfide, H2S, decomposes to H3S and its crystal structure has body-centered cubic symmetry in the superconducting phase.Comment: 8 pages, 3 figure

〈個人研究〉実践報告 英語で大喜利

英語授業において，生徒に教材を提示するインプットの段階から，彼(女)らがその内容を踏まえて発話活動・発表活動をするアウトプットの段階へ，教員側がどういう働きかけをするかが極めて大事となる。自由度の高い発話活動や創作ライティングは中学段階の生徒にとって過度な負担になり得る（中森(2018, p134)）が，その一方で，提示された教材を再産出するStory Retelling 活動は，ともすると英文の暗唱に終始し，自分の言葉で発話する・発表する活動としては不十分であるとも思われる。その点を踏まえ，英語授業の中で，StoryRetelling で使用した絵を再度用い，その絵に独自の視点で面白い物語を創作してもらい，それを発表する活動を大喜利形式で行った。本論考はその実践報告である。この活動の意義として，①言語の本質である創造力を暗示的に示すこと，②英語が苦手な生徒も積極的に発表に加わることができること，③繰り返し既習文法に触れる良い機会になること，が挙げられる

Direct oxidation of 4-methylpyrrole-2-carboxylates with DDQ in the presence of a glycol

Oxidation of 4-methylpyrrole-2-carboxylates with DDQ in the presence of a glycol proceeded smoothly on the methyl group at the C4 position regioselectively to afford the corresponding pyrrole-2,4-dicarboxylates directly. Direct oxidation of a methyl group of 2,4,6-trimethylphenol and 3-methyl-9H-carbazole into carboxylates was also demonstrated. © 2012 The Japan Institute of Heterocyclic Chemistry

Household income relationship with health services utilization and healthcare expenditures in people aged 75 years or older in Japan: A population-based study using medical and long-term care insurance claims data

Background: This study aimed to determine whether there are disparities in healthcare services utilization according to household income among people aged 75 years or older in Japan.Methods: We used data on medical and long-term care (LTC) insurance claims and on LTC insurance premiums and needs levels for people aged 75 years or older in a suburban city. Data on people receiving public welfare were not available. Participants were categorized according to household income level using LTC insurance premiums data. The associations of low income with physician visit frequency, length of hospital stay (LOS), and medical and LTC expenditures were evaluated and adjusted for 5-year age groups and LTC needs level.Results: The study analyzed 12,852 men and 18,020 women, among which 13.3% and 41.5%, respectively, were categorized as low income. Participants with low income for both genders were more likely to be functionally dependent. In the adjusted analyses, lower income was associated with fewer physician visits (incidence rate ratio [IRR] 0.90; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.87–0.92 for men and IRR 0.97; 95% CI, 0.95–0.99 for women), longer LOS (IRR 1.98; 95% CI, 1.54–2.56 and IRR 1.42; 95% CI, 1.20–1.67, respectively), and higher total expenditures (exp(β) 1.09; 95% CI, 1.01–1.18 and exp(β) 1.09; 95% CI, 1.05–1.14, respectively).Conclusions: This study suggests that older people with lower income had fewer consultations with physicians but an increased use of inpatient services. The income categorization used in this study may be an appropriate proxy of socioeconomic status

Alteration of hepatic ornithine decarboxylase and aniline hydroxylase activities following a single dosing of azathioprine to rats.

Hepatic ornithine decarboxylase and aniline hydroxylase activities increased as early as 6h after a single dosing of azathioprine tomale rats and reached maximum levels at the 12th h after the treatment. However, aniline hydroxylase activity dropped to levels mu lower than the cintrols 48 h following azathioprine treatment. The results are discussed with regard to the role of azqathioprine during the promotion of hepatocarcinogenesis.</p

A simple and rapid method for determining blood ammonia levels.

Blood ammonia levels in patients with various liver diseases were determined quantitatively by a simple and rapid method using the Amitest Meter System. The results were compared to those obtained by an enzymatic method and were well correlated. This simple Amitest is also useful in animal experiments, particularly when there is a need to determine blood ammonia levels serially. This paper test was evaluated as being accurate and reliable for clinical and experimental use.</p