Prediction of Shrinkage and Creep of Concrete

New prediction equations of shrinkage and creep of concrete are proposed, and the efficiency of the new equations are investigated through a number of experimental data. Furthermore,the characteristics and applications of the prediction equations presented in the codes of many countries are also discussed. The results showing that the new equations could estimate shrinkage and creep of concrete within a certain measure of accuracy were obtained

Influence of Coarse Aggregate on the Shrinkage of Normal and High-Strength Concretes

Inclusion of aggregates leads to a reduction in drying shrinkage of cement paste. This is due to the elastic deformation of the aggregates that partly restrains the shrinkage deformation of cement paste. Hence, concrete with higher aggregate content exhibits smaller shrinkage. In addition, concrete with aggregates of higher modulus of elasticity or of rougher surfaces is more resistant to shrinkage process. In this paper the effects of the type of coarse aggregate on the shrinkage of normal and high-strength concretes are investigated. Two different types of crushed stone were used as coarse aggregates to produce the concrete mixtures used in this study. For each coarse aggregate type, two normal-strength concrete (NSC) mixtures and two high-strength concrete (HSC) mixtures were prepared. The 28-day compressive strength values of NSC mixtures were about 35 and 50 MPa, while those of HSC mixtures were 70 and 100 MPa, respectively. All shrinkage specimens were cured in water for 14 days after casting, then exposed to drying under the conditions of constant temperature (20℃) and relative humidity (60%). It has been shown that the type of the coarse aggregate influences shrinkage behaviour of both normal and high-strength concretes

Análise da influencia da idade na pressao intra-ocular em indivíduos acima de 40 anos

Orientadora: Ana Tereza Ramos MoreiraDissertaçao (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor de Ciencias da Saúde, Programa de Pós-Graduaçao em Clínica Cirúrgica. Defesa: Curitiba, 2004Inclui bibliografiaResumo: Objetivo: Verificar a possível influência da idade no comportamento da pressão intra-ocular (PO) em uma população acima de 40 anos. Métodos: Estudo observacional transversal realizado no município de Piraquara - PR, onde todos os indivíduos com idade acima de 40 anos foram convidados a participar de um projeto de triagem de glaucoma. Todos os indivíduos foram submetidos a anamnese direcionada, aferição da pressão arterial, exame de glicemia por tiras reativas, biomicroscopia, tonometria de aplanação de Goldmann e fundoscopia. Os indivíduos considerados suspeitos de glaucoma ou hipertensão ocular eram encaminhados ao atendimento de retorno onde eram submetidos a exame oftalmológico completo. Para análise estatística dos dados, os pacientes foram separados conforme sexo, grupo étnico, presença de glaucoma ou suspeita de glaucoma, presença de HAS, presença de DM. Em uma segunda parte da análise estatística, os indivíduos foram separados em quatro grupos: Grupo 1 - todos os indivíduos; Grupo 2 - todos os indivíduos com glaucoma e/ou suspeita de glaucoma foram excluídos; Grupo 3 - todos os indivíduos com glaucoma e/ou suspeita de glaucoma e HAS foram excluídos; Grupo 4 - todos os indivíduos com glaucoma e/ou suspeita de glaucoma, HAS e DM, foram excluídos. Ainda, neste quarto grupo, os indivíduos foram subdivididos em indivíduos da cor branca e não branca; e indivíduos do sexo masculino e feminino. A relação entre a PO e a idade foi avaliada realizando os testes de ANOVA e t de student entre as médias de PO de cada faixa etária, e pelo calculo da correlação linear de Pearson. Resultados: Um total de 3360 indivíduos, com idade média de 54,04 ± 10,52 anos foram avaliados. Deste total, 59,79% eram do sexo feminino. Não se observou correlação significativa entre a PO e a idade (p = 0,11). Verificou-se que o sexo, o grupo étnico, a presença de glaucoma, HAS ou DM influenciam significativamente a PO. Analisando os pacientes do grupo 4, observou-se uma fraca correlação linear negativa e significativa entre a Po e a idade (p = 0,03; R= - 0,055). Conclusão: Na presente amostra, não foi observada nenhuma influência significante da idade na PO, entretanto, após a exclusão de indivíduos com glaucoma, HAS e DM, observou-se uma influência negativa da idade na PO.Abstract: Purpose: To verify the influence of age on intra-ocular pressure (IOP) in subjects aged over 40 years old. Methods: In this transversal and observational study, all citizens over 40 years of age from Piraquara city (PR), were invited to participate in a glaucoma screening project. All subjects were submitted to an interview, biomicroscopy, Goldmann applanation tonometry, fundoscopy, systemic arterial pressure and glicemia measurements. All the subjects considered glaucoma suspects or ocular hypertensive patients were invited to a second evaluation, where they were submitted to a complete ophthalmological exam. For the data analysis, all subjects were separated by sex, ethnic group, presence of glaucoma, SAH and diabetes. At the second part of the analysis, all subjects were divided in 4 groups: Group 1 – all the subjects; Group 2 – all the subjects with glaucoma or glaucoma suspicious were excluded; Group 3 – all the subjects with glaucoma and SAH were excluded; Group 4 – all the subjects with glaucoma, SAH and diabetes were excluded. At the Group 4, subjects were further divided in males and females, and in whites and non whites subjects. The relationship between IOP and age was evaluated by using ANOVA and student t test when appropriated and Pearson’s linear regression. Results: A total of 3360 subjects were evaluated of whom 2001 (59,79%) were females. The mean age was 54,04 ± 10,52 years. It was not observed any signicant correlation between age and IOP (p = 0,11). There were a significant effect of sex, ethnic group, presence of glaucoma, SAH and DM in IOP. When all the subjects with glaucoma, DM and SAH were excluded, it was observed a weak and significant negative linear correlation between age and IOP (p = 0,03; R= - 0,055). Conclusions: In this population sample, it was not observed any significant influence of age in IOP, however, after all subjects with glaucoma,DM and SAH were excluded, it was observed a negative influence of age in IOP

Prevalência e características clínicas do glaucoma em uma população da região sul do Brasil : projeto glaucoma /

Orientadora: Ana Tereza Ramos MoreiraCo-orientador: Jorge Eduardo Fouto MatiasTese (doutorado) - Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor de Ciências da Saúde, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Clínica Cirúrgica. Defesa: Curitiba, 2006.Inclui bibliografi

Lateral Loading Tests in The Pit for a Large-Diameter Deep Pile

Although the ground supporting the foundation can be regarded as three-dimensional nonlinear continuous body, in design, grounds are modeled as linear elastic springs. However, in reality, grounds exhibit nonlinear load-displacement (ρ-δ) characteristics. In Specifications for Highway Bridges (Japan Road Association, 1994), ground reaction coefficient is defined as the secant slope of noticeable displacement and load intensity on ρ-δ curve corrected according to width of foundation. For the purpose of examining the scale effect of large-diameter pile, this paper presents a study on scale effect of lateral ground reaction coefficient based on results of lateral loading tests performed using large loading plate in the pit of a large-diameter deep pile

Test-retest reproducibility of cerebral adenosine A(2A) receptor quantification using [C-11]preladenant

Objective To evaluate the reproducibility of cerebral adenosine A(2A) receptor (A(2A)R) quantification using [C-11]preladenant ([C-11]PLN) and PET in a test-retest study. Methods Eight healthy male volunteers were enrolled. Dynamic 90 min PET scans were performed twice at the same time of the day to avoid the effect of diurnal variation. Subjects refrained from caffeine from 12 h prior to scanning, and serum caffeine was measured before radioligand injection. Arterial blood was sampled repeatedly during scanning and the fraction of the parent compound in plasma was determined. Total distribution volume (V-T) was estimated using 1- and 2-tissue compartment models (1-TCM and 2-TCM, respectively) and Logan graphical analysis (Logan plot) (t* = 30 min). Plasma-free fraction (f(P)) of [C-11]PLN was measured and used for correction of V-T values. Distribution volume ratio (DVR) was calculated from V-T of target and reference regions and obtained by noninvasive Logan graphical reference tissue model (LGAR) (t* = 30 min). Absolute test-retest variability (aTRV), and intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) of V-T and DVR were calculated as indexes of repeatability. Correlation between DVR and serum concentration of caffeine (a nonselective A(2A)R blocker) was analyzed by Pearson's correlation analysis. Results Regional time-activity curves were well described by 2-TCM models. Estimation of V-T by 2-TCM produced some erroneous values; therefore, the more robust Logan plot was selected as the appropriate model. Global mean aTRV was 20% for V-T and 14% for V-T/f(P) (ICC, 0.72 for V-T and 0.87 for V-T/f(P)). Global mean aTRV of DVR was 13% for Logan plot and 10% for LGAR (ICC, 0.70 for Logan plot and 0.81 for LGAR). DVR estimates using LGAR and Logan plot were in good agreement (r(2) = 0.96). Coefficients of variation for V-T, V-T/f(P), DVR (Logan plot), and DVR (LGAR) were 47%, 47%, 27%, and 18%, respectively. Despite low serum caffeine levels, significant concentration-dependent effects on [C-11]PLN binding to target regions were observed (p < 0.01). Conclusions In this study, moderate test-retest reproducibility and large inter-subject differences were observed with [C-11]PLN PET, possibly attributable to competition by baseline amount of caffeine. Analysis of plasma caffeine concentration is recommended during [C-11]PLN PET studies

コミュニティ放送局の存立要件 : 営利 (FPO) と非営利 (NPO) の違いは何を生みだすのか

10年目を迎えるコミュニティ放送局に、新しい動きが始まっている。これまで営利事業者（FPO）のみが事業主体となっていたが、非営利事業者（NPO）を事業主体とするコミュニティ放送局開局が計画されているのである。この事業主体におけるFPO、NPOという違いは、コミュニティ放送局にとって何を意味するのか。あるいは、これまでとは違う新しいコミュニティ放送局の誕生を意味するのか。この点に関して、「地域メディア」、「設立・運営」、「発信の場」の3点から考察を行った。As community broadcasting stations celebrate their 10th anniversary, a new and interesting trend is emerging. Until now, companies have usually operated as a "For Profit Organization" (FPO) but a new kind of "Non Profit Organization" (NPO) is being planned. What is the difference between these two types of company structures and what does it mean for the future of community broadcasting? Is a revolutionary type of community broadcasting station about to be born? This article explores the issues from three aspects: "the structure of local media"; "the establishment and management of a community station" and, finally, "active public participation"

肥大型心筋症患者における左室壁肥厚とQT指標

取得学位 : 博士（医学）, 学位授与番号 : 医博甲第1616号, 学位授与年月日 : 平成16年3月25日, 学位授与大学 : 金沢大

コミュニティFMの「コミュニティ」とは何か : 「共同性」を中心とした「コミュニティ」におけるコミュニティFMの機能

超短波(FM波)ラジオであるコミュニティFMは、市町村という最も小さなエリアを対象としている。放送とメディアの形が大きく変化しつつある現在、「コミュニティ」の要件から「地域性」が消えつつある。このような状況にあって、コミュニティFMは地域に密着した地域情報を提供するというコンテンツと機能のみが注目され、そのコミュニティが何を指し、変化しつつあるコミュニティにおいてどのように機能するのかの議論は行われていない。そこで、1999年7月から9月にかけて行った近畿圏のコミュニティFMへの聞き取り調査の資料を元に、コミュニティFM自身がコミュニティをどのように捉えているかを明らかにした。その結果、調査対象のコミュニティFM全てが「地域性」をコミュニティの基本要件と考えているが、民間コミュニティFM局の一部には「地域性」を必要としない「共同性」を中心としたコミュニティにおいて。コミュニケーション・メディアとして機能する可能性を持つことが明らかとなった。A community usually consists of a group within a small area, or the 'locality' and a grouping of people with the same interests, or a 'communality' within that locality. However, new communities have recently appeared which do not have a particular locality. This is because, media and broadcasting are going through a period of rapid change. The existence of the Internet and computer networks have led to the growth of new communities which are linked only by communality: these communities are called "media communities", "network communities" and "information communities". CommunityFM is an FM radio service which covers the smallest of areas within Japan-cities, towns and villages. CommunityFM was used only for the practical purpose of disseminating local information. This article examines the relationship between the new communities and CommunityFM. I investigated CommunityFM in the Kinki area last year in order to answer the question, "what is 'community' in CommunityFM". The results of my research reveal that the members of CommunityFM radio stations still feel that 'community' means 'locality'. However, they are beginning to accept the idea that CommunityFM can function in new communities