Takifugu rubripes predation on the venomous stingray Dasyatis akajei : gut content evidence from an estuary in the western Seto Inland Sea, Japan

瀬戸内海の河口干潟域でトラフグTakifugu rubripes 稚魚による刺毒魚アカエイDasyaris akajei の捕食を初めて確認した。2012年9～11月と2014年10月に山口市椹野川河口で採集したトラフグ27個体（9.8～14.0cm SL, 11.9～17.5cm TL の食性を調査し2012年10月に採集した1個体（12.1cm SL, 15.1cm TL）の消化管内容物からアカエイ1個体を同定した。アカエイ被食部位は，尾部を含めた体後部で，計40個の断片として検出された。異なる2通りの復元方法により，体盤幅はそれぞれ11.1 ±2.4cm (±95% 信頼区間），12.8±3.7cm（同）と推定された。被食量は，前者ではアカエイ体重の18.6%，後者では11.8% に及ぶと考えられた。Tiger pufferfish, Takifugu rubripes (Family: Tetraodontidae), is an important commercial fish in Japan. Landings of Tiger pufferfish at the Shimonoseki fish market, Yamaguchi Prefecture, where ca. 60% of the pufferfish caught in Japan is landed has decreased remarkably from 1,841 metric tons at the peak of catch in 1987 to 111 metric tons in 2013. This reduction in stock indicates the pufferfish population of Japan has reached a critical condition. As a result, the local population in Ariake Bay, East China Sea has been evaluated as an endangered local population by the Nagasaki Prefectural local government (Red List 2011, category: LP). Necessarily, it is desired that the resources should recover from the present state. It is known that juvenile tiger pufferfish grow in estuaries until late fall. They forage on small benthic animals there. Therefore, it is necessary to clarify the feeding habits of the juvenile pufferfish in the intertidal area in detail. In this report, we clarified the predation on the Whip stingray, Dasyatis akajei by juvenile Tiger pufferfish in the estuary area. Because the stingray is well-known as a venomous species, it has been considered that no fish species could prey on stingrays in this area. In September-November 2012 and October 2014, 27 individuals of T. rubripes (9.8-14.0cm SL, 11.9-17.Scm TL) were collected in the Fushino River estuary in Yamaguchi Prefecture, western Seto Inland Sea to examine their feeding habits. A D. akajei was identified from the gut contents of the juvenile T. rubripes, 12.1 cm SL (15.1 cm TL), which was collected in October 2012. The prey, the stingray's body was detected as a total of 40 only partially digested pieces including 4 distinct pieces of the tail being the posterior portions of the stingray's body. By two different restoring methods, the disc width of the stingray was estimated to be 11 .1 ± 2.4cm (± 95% confidence interval) and as 12.8 ± 3.7cm. The amount of stingray body tissue consumed to total stingray body weight was estimated to be 18.6% of the former restoring method and 11.8% by the latter. In the Seto Inland Sea of Japan, resources of benthotrophic fish species, such as flatfishes and pufferfishes, which use the estuary in their early life history, have decreased remarkably. For recovery and regeneration of these critical resources, it is necessary to clarify the relationships between organisms and the estuarine ecosystem

バスケットボール競技における３ポイントシュート成功率と重心変位との関係 : 大学女子プレーヤーを対象として

This study aimed to clarify the relationship between displacement of center of gravity（CG） and 3-point shot success rate in basketball. The movement of CG during 3-point shots in experienced players with high 3-point shot success rates was compared with that in inexperienced players with low success rates. The subjects were selected from 52 members of a university women’s basketball team. The experienced group comprised 6 players subjectively evaluated to have high 3-point shot success rates by 2 coaches accredited by the Japan Sports Association as advanced coaches. The inexperienced group comprised 6 players subjectively evaluated as having poor 3-point shot success rates by the same coaches. CG movement during a 3-point shot was measured using a two-dimensional direct linear transformation method. The 3-point shot success rate for each group was calculated from 100 attempts and the success rate was significantly higher in the experienced group（72.8±4.7％ vs. 35.8±6.6％, p<0.05）. To compare differences in shooting motion between the experienced and inexperienced groups, the following phases of the 3-point shot were established:（1） stance → catch,（2） catch → set,（3） stance → set,（4） set → release,（5） release → maximum, and（6） set → maximum. The main results of the present study were as follows: 1． In the experienced group, vertical displacements of CG were significantly smaller in the stance → catch, set → release, release → maximum, and set → maximum phases, while horizontal displacements of CG were also significantly smaller in the stance → catch, catch → set, stance → set, and set → maximum phases（p<0.05）. 2． In the experienced group, vertical acceleration of CG was significantly smaller in the stance → set, set → release, and set → maximum phases, while horizontal acceleration was also significantly smaller in the stance → set phase（p<0.05）. 3． In the experienced group, vertical displacements of the tragion were significantly smaller in the stance → catch and set → maximum phases, while horizontal displacements of the tragion were significantly smaller in the catch → set and stance → set phases （p<0.05）. 4． Significant negative correlations were found between 3-point shot success rate and vertical displacement of CG in the set → release and set → maximum phases, horizontal displacement of CG in the stance → set phase, vertical displacement of the tragion in the stance → catch phase, and horizontal displacement of the tragion in the catch → set and stance → set phases（p<0.05）. These results indicate that it is important to reduce the displacement of CG and the tragion when coaching 3-point shots in basketball

An Initial Case Report of a Laparoscopic Spleen-Preserving Distal Pancreatectomy for a Patent with a Pancreatic Metastasis of Malignant Melanoma

Article信州医学雑誌 63(1):19-24(2015)journal articl

Inadequate Folic Acid Intake Among Women Taking Antiepileptic Drugs During Pregnancy in Japan: A Cross-Sectional Study

This study aimed to assess characteristics of pregnant women taking antiepileptic drugs with inadequate folic acid intake. This cross-sectional study examined pregnant women taking antiepileptic drugs who were registered in the Japanese Drug Information Institute in Pregnancy (JDIIP) database between October 2005 and December 2016. Participants were classified into two groups according to when they started folic acid supplementation (before pregnancy: ‘adequate’, after pregnancy or never: ‘inadequate’). Logistic regression analysis was performed to investigate factors associated with inadequate folic acid intake. Of 12,794 registrants, 468 pregnant women were taking antiepileptics during the first trimester. Of these, we analysed data from 456 women who had no missing data. As a result, inadequate folic acid intake was noted among 83.3% of them, suggesting that the current level of folic acid intake is insufficient overall. Younger age, smoking, alcohol drinking, multiparity, unplanned pregnancy, and being prescribed AEDs by paediatric or psychiatric departments were independent factors associated with inadequate folic acid intake. As planned pregnancy was the strongest factor, healthcare professionals should ensure that childbearing women taking antiepileptics are informed of the importance of planned pregnancy. In addition, healthcare professionals must gain a better understanding of folic acid intake, as the prevalence of adequate intake differed according to which departments prescribed antiepileptic drugs

ビセイブツ ノ プロテアーゼインヒビター カッセイ ノ ブンプ

（1）トリプシンの阻害活性は、細菌の菌体に広く分布していた。また、分泌性のものは活性は弱いが、CandidaとProtetcsにおいて非透析性の活性成分の存在が認められた。 ②パパインの阻害活性は、菌体内、分泌性のいずれの場合も、PenicilliumやMonαSCZtSなどのカビ類で多くみられた。 ③培養液がペプシン阻害活性を示すケースが見られ、大部分はアンモニアの生成によると思われた。菌体抽出物では3種の細菌でペプシン阻害活性が検出された。 （4）サーモライシンの阻害はいずれの微生物においても微弱であった

遊戯療法におけるスーパービジョン

遊戯療法におけるスーパービジョンは,他の心理療法におけるスーパービジョンと同様に大変重要である。ここに,遊戯療法の持つ意味についての確認,遊戯療法場面で起きているさまざまなことや疑問を通して,セラピストの役割,遊戯療法の本質について改めて考えてみることにする。また筆者自身が受けた遊戯療法の訓練やスーパービジョンを辿りつつ,これからのスーパービジョンのあり方について考察したい。This article discusses the role of supervision in play therapy and includes the following points: the meaning of play therapy, the role of the therapist, what occurs in the relationship between client and therapist, and what the client communicates to the therapist, in each session, through his/her play. In addition, the author describes the course of her own training to be a play therapist through presenting her experiences with her supervisors. The essential element of play therapy is that the relationship between the therapist and supervisor is not substantially different from the relationship between the client and the therapist. Axline\u27s defining words are so true: "Play Therapy: a method of helping problem children help themselves.