244 research outputs found
A Study on Deep CNN Structures for Defect Detection From Laser Ultrasonic Visualization Testing Images
The importance of ultrasonic nondestructive testing has been increasing in
recent years, and there are high expectations for the potential of laser
ultrasonic visualization testing, which combines laser ultrasonic testing with
scattered wave visualization technology. Even if scattered waves are
visualized, inspectors still need to carefully inspect the images. To automate
this, this paper proposes a deep neural network for automatic defect detection
and localization in LUVT images. To explore the structure of a neural network
suitable to this task, we compared the LUVT image analysis problem with the
generic object detection problem. Numerical experiments using real-world data
from a SUS304 flat plate showed that the proposed method is more effective than
the general object detection model in terms of prediction performance. We also
show that the computational time required for prediction is faster than that of
the general object detection model
Simulation-Aided Deep Learning for Laser Ultrasonic Visualization Testing
In recent years, laser ultrasonic visualization testing (LUVT) has attracted
much attention because of its ability to efficiently perform non-contact
ultrasonic non-destructive testing.Despite many success reports of deep
learning based image analysis for widespread areas, attempts to apply deep
learning to defect detection in LUVT images face the difficulty of preparing a
large dataset of LUVT images that is too expensive to scale. To compensate for
the scarcity of such training data, we propose a data augmentation method that
generates artificial LUVT images by simulation and applies a style transfer to
simulated LUVT images.The experimental results showed that the effectiveness of
data augmentation based on the style-transformed simulated images improved the
prediction performance of defects, rather than directly using the raw simulated
images for data augmentation
Stress relaxation above and below the jamming transition
We numerically investigate stress relaxation in soft athermal disks to reveal
critical slowing down when the system approaches the jamming point. The
exponents describing the divergence of the relaxation time differ dramatically
depending on whether the transition is approached from the jammed or unjammed
phase. This contrasts sharply with conventional dynamic critical scaling
scenarios, where a single exponent characterizes both sides. We explain this
surprising difference in terms of the vibrational density of states (vDOS),
which is a key ingredient of linear viscoelastic theory. The vDOS exhibits an
extra slow mode that emerges below jamming, which we utilize to demonstrate the
anomalous exponent below jamming.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figure
Rippled-pattern sebaceoma : A report of a lesion on the back with a review of the literature
A 68-year-old Japanese man presented with a nodule that had been present for 5 to 6 years on the right side of the back. Physical examination revealed a dome-shaped, 12 X 13-mm, dark red nodule. It was excised with a 2 to 3-mm margin. The patient remained free of disease during 77 months of follow-up. Microscopic examination revealed a bulb-like tumor in the dermis, contiguous with the overlying epidermis. It was composed of small, monomorphous, cigar-shaped basaloid cells in linear, parallel rows, resembling the palisading of nuclei of Verocay bodies, and presenting a rippled-pattern. There were scattered cells showing sebaceous differentiation with vacuolated cytoplasm and scalloped nuclei. There were tiny, duct-like spaces. The tumor revealed characteristics of rippled-pattem sebaceoma. The present case is the first reported rippled-pattern sebaceous neoplasm on the back. Many spindle cell tumors, such as basal cell carcinoma, pleomorphic adenoma, dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans, myofibroblastoma, and leiomyoblastoma, in addition to trichoblastoma and sebaceoma, can have a rippled-pattern
Quantum Circuit Distillation and Compression
Quantum coherence in a qubit is vulnerable to environmental noise. When long
quantum calculation is run on a quantum processor without error correction, the
noise often causes fatal errors and messes up the calculation. Here, we propose
quantum-circuit distillation to generate quantum circuits that are short but
have enough functions to produce an output almost identical to that of the
original circuits. The distilled circuits are less sensitive to the noise and
can complete calculation before the quantum coherence is broken in the qubits.
We created a quantum-circuit distillator by building a reinforcement learning
model, and applied it to the inverse quantum Fourier transform (IQFT) and
Shor's quantum prime factorization. The obtained distilled circuit allows
correct calculation on IBM-Quantum processors. By working with the
quantum-circuit distillator, we also found a general rule to generate quantum
circuits approximating the general -qubit IQFTs. The quantum-circuit
distillator offers a new approach to improve performance of noisy quantum
processors.Comment: 11 pages, 8 figures, 1 tabl
Radial Bargmann representation for the Fock space of type B
Let be the probability and orthogonality measure for the
-Meixner-Pollaczek orthogonal polynomials, which has appeared in
\cite{BEH15} as the distribution of the -Gaussian process (the
Gaussian process of type B) over the -Fock space (the Fock space of
type B). The main purpose of this paper is to find the radial Bargmann
representation of . Our main results cover not only the
representation of -Gaussian distribution by \cite{LM95}, but also of
-Gaussian and symmetric free Meixner distributions on . In
addition, non-trivial commutation relations satisfied by -operators
are presented.Comment: 13 pages, minor changes have been mad
A Three-Dimensional FRET Analysis to Construct an Atomic Model of the Actin–Tropomyosin–Troponin Core Domain Complex on a Muscle Thin Filament
It is essential to knowthe detailed structure of the thin filament to understand
the regulation mechanism of striated muscle contraction. Fluorescence
resonance energy transfer (FRET) was used to construct an atomic model of
the actin–tropomyosin (Tm)–troponin (Tn) core domain complex. We
generated single-cysteine mutants in the 167–195 region of Tm and in TnC,
TnI, and the β-TnT 25-kDa fragment, and each was attached with an energy
donor probe. An energy acceptor probe was located at actin Gln41, actin
Cys374, or the actin nucleotide-binding site. From these donor–acceptor pairs,
FRET efficiencies were determined with and without Ca2+. Using the atomic
coordinates for F-actin, Tm, and the Tn core domain, we searched all possible
arrangements for Tm or the Tn core domain on F-actin to calculate the FRET
efficiency for each donor–acceptor pair in each arrangement. By minimizing
the squared sum of deviations for the calculated FRET efficiencies from the
observed FRET efficiencies, we determined the location of Tm segment 167–
195 and the Tn core domain on F-actin with andwithout Ca2+. The bulk of the
Tn core domain is located near actin subdomains 3 and 4. The central helix of
TnC is nearly perpendicular to the F-actin axis, directing the N-terminal
domain of TnC toward the actin outer domain. The C-terminal region in the
I–T arm forms a four-helix-bundle structure with the Tm 175–185 region.
After Ca2+ release, the Tn core domainmoves toward the actin outer domain
and closer to the center of the F-actin axis
Tuberous sclerosis complex tumor suppressor–mediated S6 kinase inhibition by phosphatidylinositide-3-OH kinase is mTOR independent
The evolution of mitogenic pathways has led to the parallel requirement for negative control mechanisms, which prevent aberrant growth and the development of cancer. Principally, such negative control mechanisms are represented by tumor suppressor genes, which normally act to constrain cell proliferation (Macleod, K. 2000. Curr. Opin. Genet. Dev. 10:81–93). Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is an autosomal-dominant genetic disorder, characterized by mutations in either TSC1 or TSC2, whose gene products hamartin (TSC1) and tuberin (TSC2) constitute a putative tumor suppressor complex (TSC1-2; van Slegtenhorst, M., M. Nellist, B. Nagelkerken, J. Cheadle, R. Snell, A. van den Ouweland, A. Reuser, J. Sampson, D. Halley, and P. van der Sluijs. 1998. Hum. Mol. Genet. 7:1053–1057). Little is known with regard to the oncogenic target of TSC1-2, however recent genetic studies in Drosophila have shown that S6 kinase (S6K) is epistatically dominant to TSC1-2 (Tapon, N., N. Ito, B.J. Dickson, J.E. Treisman, and I.K. Hariharan. 2001. Cell. 105:345–355; Potter, C.J., H. Huang, and T. Xu. 2001. Cell. 105:357–368). Here we show that loss of TSC2 function in mammalian cells leads to constitutive S6K1 activation, whereas ectopic expression of TSC1-2 blocks this response. Although activation of wild-type S6K1 and cell proliferation in TSC2-deficient cells is dependent on the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), by using an S6K1 variant (GST-ΔC-S6K1), which is uncoupled from mTOR signaling, we demonstrate that TSC1-2 does not inhibit S6K1 via mTOR. Instead, we show by using wortmannin and dominant interfering alleles of phosphatidylinositide-3-OH kinase (PI3K) that increased S6K1 activation is contingent upon the suppression of TSC2 function by PI3K in normal cells and is PI3K independent in TSC2-deficient cells
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