1,611 research outputs found
Word-formation in original and translated English: source language influence on the use of un- and less
This article aims to assess whether the word-formation features of translated language, as opposed to original language, are source language (SL)-dependent or translation-related. To do so, we analyze the use of the -less and un- negative affixes in original English and in English translated from four SL: French, Italian, Dutch and German. Findings based on the Europarl corpus show that the use of -less and un- in translated English is partially SL-dependent
Using a SMT solver for risk analysis: detecting logical mistakes in texts
International audienceThe purpose of this paper is to describe some results of the LELIE project, that are a contribution of Artificial Intelligence to a special domain: the analysis of the risks due to poorly written technical documents. This is a multidisciplinary contribution since it combines natural language processing with logical satisfiability checking. This paper explains how satisfiability checking can be used for detecting inconsistencies, redundancy and incompleteness in procedural texts and describes the part of the implemented tool that produces the logical translation of technical texts and realizes the checkings
Ătat de la cartographie dans le Nord de l'Espagne en 1895
En port.: Extrait du CongrĂšs national des SocietĂ©s françaises de gĂ©ographie; 16e session : Bordeaux, aoĂ»t 1895Copia digital. Valladolid : Junta de Castilla y LeĂłn. ConsejerĂa de Cultura y Turismo, 2009-2010Precede al tĂt.: Notes sur l'Espagne.-I
LâĂ©volution des pratiques de lecture Ă haute voix dâenseignantes expertes et leur influence sur le dĂ©veloppement de lâhabiletĂ© des Ă©lĂšves du prĂ©scolaire Ă faire des infĂ©rences
La prĂ©sente recherche collaborative vise Ă Ă©tudier les pratiques de lecture Ă haute voix dâenseignantes expertes et leur influence sur le dĂ©veloppement de lâhabiletĂ© des Ă©lĂšves du prĂ©scolaire Ă faire des infĂ©rences. Plus prĂ©cisĂ©ment, nous dĂ©crivons les interventions, lors des lectures Ă haute voix, de quatre enseignantes expertes que nous avons formĂ©es pour travailler la comprĂ©hension infĂ©rentielle et les comparons Ă celles de deux enseignantes expertes non formĂ©es (objectif 1). Puis, nous examinons lâinfluence de leurs pratiques de lecture Ă haute voix sur le dĂ©veloppement de lâhabiletĂ© Ă faire des infĂ©rences de leurs Ă©lĂšves (n=92) (objectif 2). Enfin, nous nous intĂ©ressons, Ă titre exploratoire, au potentiel de la recherche collaborative comme voie de dĂ©veloppement professionnel des enseignants (objectif 3).
Afin dâatteindre nos objectifs, nous avons observĂ© les enseignantes Ă quatre reprises, lors de lectures dâalbums de littĂ©rature de jeunesse. Les donnĂ©es obtenues Ă partir de ces pratiques observĂ©es ont Ă©tĂ© complĂ©tĂ©es par celles issues des pratiques dĂ©clarĂ©es des enseignantes pour toute la durĂ©e de la recherche (neuf semaines). De plus, nous avons Ă©valuĂ© lâhabiletĂ© Ă rĂ©aliser des infĂ©rences des Ă©lĂšves de ces six enseignantes Ă deux reprises, au dĂ©but et Ă la fin de la recherche. Finalement, les enseignantes ont rempli deux questionnaires Ă©crits sur lâimpact de cette recherche sur leurs pratiques, lâun Ă la fin de la recherche et lâautre deux ans aprĂšs celle-ci.
Nos rĂ©sultats indiquent que si toutes les enseignantes travaillaient les infĂ©rences, il existe cependant des diffĂ©rences notables dans leur façon de mener ce travail. Trois des enseignantes formĂ©es (enseignantes 1, 2 et 3) ont majoritairement privilĂ©giĂ© la co-Ă©laboration du sens des Ă©pisodes implicites et se sont montrĂ©es trĂšs efficaces pour soutenir leurs Ă©lĂšves dans ce travail de construction du sens. Lâautre enseignante formĂ©e (enseignante 4), en raison dâune appropriation difficile du contenu de la formation, nâest pas parvenue Ă offrir Ă ses Ă©lĂšves un Ă©tayage adĂ©quat, malgrĂ© ses nombreuses tentatives pour les amener Ă faire des infĂ©rences. Les enseignantes non formĂ©es (enseignantes 5 et 6) ont, quant Ă elles, misĂ© plus frĂ©quemment sur la transmission du sens des Ă©pisodes implicites et ont Ă©galement soutenu moins efficacement leurs Ă©lĂšves dans lâĂ©laboration du sens.
Ces diffĂ©rences dans la façon de travailler les infĂ©rences se sont rĂ©percutĂ©es sur la progression des Ă©lĂšves entre le dĂ©but et la fin de la recherche. Ceux des enseignantes 1, 2 et 3 obtiennent des rĂ©sultats significativement supĂ©rieurs Ă ceux des trois autres enseignantes. Ainsi, il ne suffit pas de travailler les infĂ©rences lors des lectures Ă haute voix pour assurer la progression des Ă©lĂšves. Dâautres facteurs revĂȘtent aussi une grande importance : le choix dâoeuvres de qualitĂ©, lâengagement des Ă©lĂšves dans les discussions pour co-Ă©laborer le sens et lâĂ©tayage adĂ©quat de lâenseignant.
Enfin, il semblerait que lâactivitĂ© rĂ©flexive suscitĂ©e lors dâune participation Ă une recherche collaborative et le soutien offert par lâĂ©tudiante-chercheuse aient donnĂ© aux enseignantes la possibilitĂ© dâapporter des changements durables dans leurs pratiques. En ce sens, la recherche collaborative paraĂźt ĂȘtre une voie prometteuse pour contribuer au dĂ©veloppement professionnel des enseignants.This collaborative research is an attempt to study expert teachers' reading aloud practices and their impact on the development of preschool studentsâ ability to make inferences. First, the interventions of four expert teachers specifically trained to work inferences while reading aloud are described and compared with those of two non trained expert teachers (objective 1). Next, the impact of all teachersâ practices on the development of their studentsâ ability to make inferences (n=92) is examined (objective 2). Finally, we look into collaborative research as a way to support professional development for teachers (objective 3).
In order to attain our objectives, we observed participant teachers four times while they were reading childrenâs books. Data gathered from those observations were completed with other data provided by the teachers about their practices over a nine-week period. Moreover, the ability of the students to make inferences was assessed twice: once at the beginning and once at the end of the research. Teachers also completed two written questionnaires, one at the beginning and the other 2 years after the end of this research, concerning the impacts of their participation in this research on their practices.
While all teachers worked inferences with their students, our results showed that there are significant differences in the way they do it. Three of the trained teachers (number 1, 2, and 3) predominantly put emphasis on co-elaboration of the implicit episodesâ meaning and gave their students appropriate scaffolding. Because she found it difficult to assimilate training contents, the other trained teacher (number 4) failed - not without numerous attempts - to offer the same kind of scaffolding. As for the two non trained teachers (number 5 and 6), they gave preference to the transmission of the implicit episodesâ meaning, and supported their students less efficiently when they tried to elaborate it. The differences in how the work on inferences was done had an impact on studentsâ progression from the beginning to the end of the research. Three of the trained teachersâ students had significantly superior results in comparison to the othersâ. Therefore, a specific work on inferences only does not ensure that students will make progress. There are other important contributing factors: choosing quality books, studentsâ involvement in discussions in order to co-elaborate the textâs meaning, and appropriate scaffolding from the teacher.
Finally, according to our results, a participation in a collaborative research, which promotes reflexivity and offers coaching, seems to give the teachers the opportunity to bring about long-term changes in their practices. In consequence, a participation in that type of research appears to contribute to teachersâ professional development
Excursions dans les sierras d'Espagne : Pics d'Europe (PyrÚnÚes Cantabriques). Conférence publique donnée dans l'Amphithéatre de l¿Athenée le 21 févrie 1894
Extrait du Bulletin nÂș 35, du Club Alpin Franç (Section du Sud-Ouest)Copia digital. Valladolid : Junta de Castilla y LeĂłn. ConsejerĂa de Cultura y Turismo, 2009-201
Le discours spĂ©cialisĂ© Ă lâONU : chances et dĂ©fis pour le traducteur
En diplomatie multilatĂ©rale, comme dans tout domaine dâun haut niveau de spĂ©cialisation, la qualitĂ© dâune traduction dĂ©pend des compĂ©tences que maĂźtrise le traducteur, outre sa connaissance des langues et des disciplines dans lesquelles il travaille. Pour pouvoir traiter avec la justesse dans lâexpression requise les discours spĂ©cialisĂ©s de lâONU, quâil sâagisse dâune dĂ©claration dâun registre soutenu sur les grandes questions mondiales, dâun instrument juridique international ou dâune norme ..
Feature extraction and selection for objective gait analysis and fall risk assessment by accelerometry
<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Falls in the elderly is nowadays a major concern because of their consequences on elderly general health and moral states. Moreover, the aging of the population and the increasing life expectancy make the prediction of falls more and more important. The analysis presented in this article makes a first step in this direction providing a way to analyze gait and classify hospitalized elderly fallers and non-faller. This tool, based on an accelerometer network and signal processing, gives objective informations about the gait and does not need any special gait laboratory as optical analysis do. The tool is also simple to use by a non expert and can therefore be widely used on a large set of patients.</p> <p>Method</p> <p>A population of 20 hospitalized elderlies was asked to execute several classical clinical tests evaluating their risk of falling. They were also asked if they experienced any fall in the last 12 months. The accelerations of the limbs were recorded during the clinical tests with an accelerometer network distributed on the body. A total of 67 features were extracted from the accelerometric signal recorded during a simple 25 m walking test at comfort speed. A feature selection algorithm was used to select those able to classify subjects at risk and not at risk for several classification algorithms types.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The results showed that several classification algorithms were able to discriminate people from the two groups of interest: fallers and non-fallers hospitalized elderlies. The classification performances of the used algorithms were compared. Moreover a subset of the 67 features was considered to be significantly different between the two groups using a t-test.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>This study gives a method to classify a population of hospitalized elderlies in two groups: at risk of falling or not at risk based on accelerometric data. This is a first step to design a risk of falling assessment system that could be used to provide the right treatment as soon as possible before the fall and its consequences. This tool could also be used to evaluate the risk several times during the revalidation procedure.</p
Utilisation d'un WIKI analyse des stratégies cognitives et métacognitives des étudiantes en soins infirmiers /
La prĂ©sente recherche a Ă©tĂ© subventionnĂ©e par le ministĂšre de l'Ăducation, du Loisir et du Sport dans le cadre du Programme d'aide Ă la recherche sur l'enseignement et l'apprentissage (PAREA)Ăgalement disponible en version papier.Titre de l'Ă©cran-titre (visionnĂ© le 25 oct. 2012
L'apprentissage Ă l'Ăšre du Web 2.0 quand un wiki contribue Ă la formation du jugement /
Ăgalement disponible en version papier.Titre de l'Ă©cran-titre (visionnĂ© le 30 aoĂ»t 2012)Sur la p. de t. : Article de vulgarisation scientifiqu
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