Application of nanotechnology to herbal antioxidants as improved phytomedicine: An expanding horizon.

Phytotherapy, based on medicinal plants, have excellent potential in managing several diseases. A vital part of the healthcare system is herbal medicines, consisting of therapeutic agents with high safety profile and no or least adverse effects. Herbs or medicinal plants show anticancer, antioxidant, and gene-protective activity, which is useful for pharmaceutical industries. In vitro, the extract of antioxidant compounds prevents the growth of colon and liver cancer cells, followed by a dose-dependent method. The screening of extracts is done by using in vitro models. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and free radicals lead to diseases based on age which promotes oxidative stress. Different types of ROSs available have central roles in the normal physiology and functioning of processes. Herbal or traditional plant medicines have rich antioxidant activity. Despite the limited literature on the health effect of herbal extract or spices. There are many studies examining the encouraging health effects of single phytochemicals instigating from the medicinal plant. This review provides a detailed overview on herbal antioxidants and how application of nanotechnology can improve its biological activity in managing several major diseases, and having no reported side effects

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Not AvailableThis study was carried out on blood serum and seminal plasma samples collected from Jaisalmeri camels to determine the concentrations of minerals in the seminal plasma and their probable role in liquefaction of semen. The concentrations of Ca, Zn and Fe were 1.9, 6.11 and 20.14 times higher in seminal plasma as compared to blood serum. This study indicated that Ca and Fe might play an important role in coagulation/ liquefaction of camel semen. Ca starts to act after 18h and Fe after 48h of storage. Interactions between proteins and minerals might be responsible for coagulum formation in camel semen.Not Availabl

Not Available

Not AvailableThis study was carried out on blood serum and seminal plasma samples collected from Jaisalmeri camels to determine the concentrations of minerals in the seminal plasma and their probable role in liquefaction of semen. The concentrations of Ca, Zn and Fe were 1.9, 6.11 and 20.14 times higher in seminal plasma as compared to blood serum. This study indicated that Ca and Fe might play an important role in coagulation/ liquefaction of camel semen. Ca starts to act after 18h and Fe after 48h of storage. Interactions between proteins and minerals might be responsible for coagulum formation in camel semenNot Availabl

Systematic Development of Drug Nanocargos Using Formulation by Design (FbD): An Updated Overview

Nanostructured drug delivery formulations have lately gained enormous attention, contributing to their systematic development. Issuance of quality by design (QbD) guidelines by ICH, FDA, and other federal agencies, in this regard, has notably influenced the overall development of drug products, enabling holistic product and process understanding. Owing to the applicability of QbD paradigms, a science lately christened as formulation by design (FbD) has been dedicated exclusively to QbD-enabled drug product development. Consisting of the principal elements of design of experiments (DoE), quality risk management (QRM), and QbD-enabled product comprehension as the fundamental tools in the implementation of FbD, a variety of drug nanocargos have been successfully developed with FbD paradigms and reported in the literature. FbD aims to produce novel and advanced systems utilizing nominal resources of development time, work effort, and money. A systematic FbD approach envisions the entire developmental path through pivotal milestones of risk assessment, factor screening and optimization (both using appropriate experimental designs), multivariate statistical and optimum search tools, along with response surface modeling, usually employing suitable computer software. The design space is one of the fundamental elements of FbD providing the most sought-after regulatory flexibility to pharma companies, postapproval. The present paper provides a bird's eye view of the fundamental aspects of FbD terminology, methodology, and applications in the development of a wide range of nanocargos, as well as a discussion of trends from both technological and regulatory perspectives

QbD-driven development and evaluation of nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) of Olmesartan medoxomil employing multivariate statistical techniques

<p><b>Purpose:</b> This research work entails quality by design (QbD)-based systematic development of nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) of Olmesartan medoxomil (OLM) with improved biopharmaceutical attributes.</p> <p><b>Methods:</b> Quality target product profile (QTPP) was defined and critical quality attributes (CQAs) were earmarked. Solubility of drug was performed in various lipids for screening of them. NLCs were prepared by hot-microemulsion method using solid lipids, liquid lipids and surfactants with maximal solubility. Failure mode and effect analysis (FMEA) was carried out for identifying high risk formulation and process parameters. Further, principal component analysis (PCA) was applied on high risk parameters for evaluating the effect of type and concentration of lipids and surfactants on CQAs. Further, systematic optimization of critical material attributes (CMAs) was carried out using face centered cubic design and optimized formulation was identified in the design space.</p> <p><b>Results:</b> FMEA and PCA suggested suitability of stearic acid, oleic acid and Tween 80 as the CMAs for NLCs. Response surface optimization helped in identifying the optimized NLC formulation with particle size ∼250 nm, zeta potential <25 mV, entrapment efficiency >75%, <i>in vitro</i> drug release >80% within 6 h. Release kinetic modeling indicated drug release through Fickian-diffusion mechanism.</p> <p><b>Conclusions:</b> Overall, these studies indicated successful development of NLCs using multivariate statistical approaches for improved product and process understanding.</p

Nanoporous metal organic frameworks as hybrid polymer–metal composites for drug delivery and biomedical applications

International audienceMetal organic frameworks (MOFs), porous hybrid polymer-metal composites at the nanoscale, are recent innovations in the field of chemistry; they are novel polymeric materials with diverse biomedical applications. MOFs are nanoporous materials, consisting of metal ions linked together by organic bridging ligands. The unique physical and chemical characteristics of MOFs have attracted wider attention from the scientific community, exploring their utility in the field of material science, biology, nanotechnology and drug delivery. The practical feasibility of MOFs is possible owing to their abilities for biodegradability, excellent porosity, high loading capacity, ease of surface modification, among others. In this regard, this review provides an account of various types of MOFs, their physiochemical characteristics and use in diverse disciplines of biomedical sciences - with special emphasis on drug delivery and theranostics. Moreover, this review also highlights the stability and toxicity issues of MOFs, along with their market potential for biomedical applications