Survey and Comparative Analysis of SQL Injection Attacks, Detection and Prevention Techniques for Web Applications Security

Web applications witnessed a rapid growth for online business and transactions are expected to be secure, efficient and reliable to the users against any form of injection attacks. SQL injection is one of the most common application layer attack techniques used today by hackers to steal data from organizations. It is a technique that exploits a security vulnerability occurring in the database layer of a web application. The attack takes advantage of poor input validation in code and website administration. It allows attackers to obtain illegitimate access to the backend database to change the intended application generated SQL queries. . In spite of the development of different approaches to prevent SQL injection, it still remains a frightening risk to web applications. In this paper, we present a detailed review on various types of SQL injection attacks, detection and prevention techniques, and their comparative analysis based on the performance and practicality. DOI: 10.17762/ijritcc2321-8169.150613

Allele-specific primer based identification of dimeric alpha-amylase inhibitor

Wheat is one of the most important staple food crops cultivated over 200 mha in the range of environment throughout the world. Wheat production must continue to increase by 2% annually, more particularly in developing world including south-east Asia. Besides increasing the inherent productivity of wheat, it is important to minimize the losses caused to production by various abiotic and biotic factors. Alpha–amylase inhibitors are attractive candidates for the control of seed weevils as these insects are highly dependent on starch as the energy source. They play an important role in the carbohydrate metabolism of many heterotrophic and autotrophic organisms. In this study, we aimed to make sequence comparison and phylogenetic relationship among dimeric alpha-amylase inhibitor genes. These genes were clustered into two major groups based on phylogenetic analysis. Multiple alignments show at least 24 candidates single nucleotide polymorphisms in inhibitor genes, which could further be exploited for SNPs based haplotype diversity among Indian released wheat genotype. We have detected dimeric alpha-amylase inhibitor genes in cultivated and wild ancestors of wheat using genome specific primers. Genes encoding dimeric alpha-amylase belong to the family of 24 kDa alpha-amylase inhibitors. In this study, specific primer pairs were designed based on SNPs of these genes and chromosome locations of inhibitor genes confirmed by amplification in accession of T. urartu, A. tauschii, and A. speltoides. Results obtained under this study support that inhibitor genes amplified with primer PSWDAIAF1/PSWDAIAF2 and PSWDAIBF1/PSWDAIBF2 is present on genome B. These results further support evidence at molecular level that dimeric alpha-amylase inhibitor in cultivated wheat is encoded by a multigene family.

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GPs’ views and perspectives on patient non-adherence to treatment in primary care prior to suicide

Background: Individuals who do not adhere to their treatment regimens may be at greater risk of suicide but these issues are relatively unexplored in primary care services. Aim: To explore GPs’ views and perspectives on the reasons why patients who were in contact with mental health services in the year prior to suicide was non-adherent to treatment prior to their death. Method: In total, 198 semi-structured face-to-face interviews with GPs of people who had died by suicide. Interviews were transcribed verbatim and analyzed using a thematic approach. Results: The following themes were conceptualized from GP interviews: (i) “Lack of insight or denial?” relates to what GPs perceived as their patients lack of insight into their psychiatric illness; (ii) “Lack of treatment choices” discusses GPs’ understanding of patient treatment choices; (iii) “Services for comorbidity and dual diagnosis” refers to treatment availability for suicidal patients with two or more mental health diagnoses. Conclusions: For suicide prevention, it is crucial for health professionals to assess patients and manage the possible causes of non-adherence. Policies for increasing treatment adherence, improving services for dual diagnosis, or providing alternative treatments to meet individual patient needs may help to achieve the best health outcomes and could potentially prevent suicide

Structure and electronic properties of transition-metal/Mg bimetallic clusters at realistic temperatures and oxygen partial pressures

Composition, atomic structure, and electronic properties of TM$_x$Mg$_y$O$_z$ clusters (TM = Cr, Ni, Fe, Co, $x+y \leq 3$) at realistic temperature $T$ and partial oxygen pressure $p_{\textrm{O}_2}$ conditions are explored using the {\em ab initio} atomistic thermodynamics approach. The low-energy isomers of the different clusters are identified using a massively parallel cascade genetic algorithm at the hybrid density-functional level of theory. On analyzing a large set of data, we find that the fundamental gap E$_\textrm{g}$ of the thermodynamically stable clusters are strongly affected by the presence of Mg-coordinated O$_2$ moieties. In contrast, the nature of the transition metal does not play a significant role in determining E$_\textrm{g}$. Using E$_\textrm{g}$ of a cluster as a descriptor of its redox properties, our finding is against the conventional belief that the transition metal plays the key role in determining the electronic and therefore chemical properties of the clusters. High reactivity may be correlated more strongly with oxygen content in the cluster than with any specific TM type.Comment: 7 pages, 5 figure

Assessment and Management of Suicide Risk in Primary Care

Abstract Background Risk assessment and management of suicidal patients is emphasized as a key component of care in specialist mental health services, but these issues are relatively unexplored in primary care services. Aim To examine risk assessment and management in primary and secondary care in a clinical sample of individuals who were in contact with mental health services and died by suicide. Method Data collection from clinical proformas, case records, and semi-structured face–to-face interviews with general practitioners. Results Primary and secondary care data was available for 198 of the 336 cases (59%). The overall agreement in the rating of risk between services was poor (overall kappa = 0.127; p = 0.10). Depression, care setting (post discharge), suicidal ideation at last contact and a history of self-harm were associated with a rating of higher risk. Suicide prevention policies were available in 25% of primary care practices and 33% of staff received training in suicide risk assessments. Conclusion Risk is difficult to predict, but the variation in risk assessment between professional groups may reflect poor communication. Further research is required to understand this. There appears to be a relative lack of suicide risk assessment training in primary care