Cholestérol, lipoprotéines et athérosclérose : de la biochimie à la physiopathologie

L’athérosclérose, maladie multifactorielle, est un processus de vieillissement de l’artère avec accumulation de lipides (graisses) et de dépôts de calcaire. Le tissu devient fibreux, donnant lieu à un épaississement et à un durcissement de la paroi de l’artère. La formation d’un caillot sanguin (athérothrombose), dans un vaisseau atteint par l’athérosclérose, est à l’origine de la plupart des maladies cardiovasculaires. Les anomalies du métabolisme du cholestérol et des lipoprotéines, objet principal de cet article, constituent cependant une cause essentielle d’athérosclérose

Étude de la Sensibilité Aux Huiles Essentielles de Cinnamomum Verum, Eucalyptus Globulus, et Glycyrrhiza Glabra L Ainsi qu’aux Antibiotiques de Certains Germes Issus de la Restauration Collective

Food safety is still a very important topic of interest. The use of medicinal plants extracts can be an efficient alternative for fighting food-borne infections in the face of the increase of resistance to antibiotics. We have studied the sensitivity of bacterial strains isolated from food outlets using commonly used antibiotics (Amoxicillin, Vancomycin, Ceftriaxone, Teicoplanin, Rifampicin and Amikacin). This was done using an antibiogram. We have also tested their sensitivity against essential oils extracted from medicinal plants (Cinnamomum verum, Eucalyptus globulus, and Glycyrrhiza glabra L) using aromatogram. This study was conducted using 27 bacterial strains, including 9 Escherichia coli strains, 9 Staphylococcus aureus strains, 9 Salmonella spp. strains, and 3 ATCC strains (E. coli ATCC 25922, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 et Salmonella typhimurium ATCC 14028). Results revealed that two plant extracts has a substantial antibacterial activity with zones of inhibition ranging from 10 to 25 mm, and it reached 35 mm when using a cocktail of plant extracts. Regarding the antibiotics we used, all strains of Salmonella spp. demonstrated a resistance to amoxicillin and to ceftriaxone. The tested strains of E. coli and Staphylococcus aureus had a partial resistance to the tested antibiotics, which confirms the results of previous studies

A review of Group B Streptococcus maternal-fetal infection

For a long time, infectious diseases have been a major public health problem, mainly maternal fetal infections linked to neonate’s mortality. Streptococcus agalactiae (GBS) infection is one of the main infections, which threat mother-infant health. One of the major challenges that remains to be addressed is therapeutic care strategy, further, the emergence of antibiotic resistant bacteria which constitute a major challenge for clinicians. Concerning GBS an antibiotic prophylaxis regimen is adopted to reduce the vertical transmission of bacteria from mother to neonate and avoid the appearance of complications related to GBS infection such as early onset disease and late onset disease that can lead to stillbirths. Like most bacteria, GBS is susceptible to first-line antibiotics, and in case of resistance, therapy is based on second and third-line antibiotics. The drug susceptibility testing of microorganisms is therefore essential in the therapeutic strategy, because it not only facilitates the orientation of treatment but also help to set up a system supervising the expansion of resistant strains. This present paper constitutes a literature review on Streptococcus agalactiae maternal-fetal infection and summarizes some epidemiological studies on the emergence of this bacterium as well as it provides the prevalence of its resistance to antibiotics and outlines some vaccine development strategies

EFFETS DU CHLORURE D'ALUMINIUM SUR LA STRUCTURE HISTOLOGIQUE DES POUMONS, REINS ET INTESTIN DES RATS FEMELLES GESTANTES ET LEURS FŒTUS

The aim of our study is to elucidate the effects of the administration of different doses of aluminium chloride during 9-13 gestation day on organs histology of pregnant rats and their offspring. We have noted that in pregnant rats, there is a change on the histological structure of intestine especially on enterocytes, nuclei and basal lamina. In kidney, we have observed a lesion in proximal and distal tubes. In lungs, AlCl3 may decrease the alveolar diameter, an inflammation with necrosis of pneumocytes notably with the dose of 200 mg of AlCl3 /kg/day. In fetuses, AlCl3 may cause a detachment between the intestinal epithelium and the underlying conjonctif and a necrosis of renal and pulmonary cells. AlCl3 has an effect more marked in mother than their fetuses. This indicates that the placenta is a selective barrier towards some components.Le but de notre étude est d’élucider l’effet de l’administration de différentes doses de chlorure d’aluminium durant les jours 9-13 de gestation sur la structure histologique des poumons, reins et intestin des rates gestantes et de leur progéniture. Chez les rates gestantes, le traitement par AlCl3 entraîne au niveau de l’intestin, une modification des structures des entérocytes, noyaux et lames basales. Au niveau rénal, on observe des lésions des tubules proximaux et distaux. Au niveau des poumons, on constate une diminution du diamètre alvéolaire, une inflammation avec une nécrose des pneumocytes notamment pour la dose de 200 mg/kg/j. Chez les fœtus émanant de rates traitées par le chlorure d’aluminium, on observe un décollement entre l’épithélium intestinal et le conjonctif sous-jacent et une nécrose des cellules rénales et pulmonaires. L’action du chlorure d’aluminium est plus marquée chez les mères que chez leurs fœtus. Ceci atteste que le placenta forme une barrière plus ou moins sélective vis-à-vis de certains constituants vers les fœtus

Molecular and phenotypic characteristics of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolated from Pediatric Hospital in Morocco

SUMMARY Introduction: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is one of the leading causes of infections acquired in both community and hospital settings associated with high morbidity and mortality worldwide. Resistance to methicillin in S. aureus is mediated by PBP2a, a penicillin-binding protein with low affinity to beta-lactams, encoded by the mecA gene. Accurate susceptibility testing of  S . aureus isolates and screening of patients for colonization with MRSA are important tools to limit the spread of this organism.Methods: This study was conducted  from  December 2010  to Mai 2014 in a Mother Child Hospital CHU Mohamed VI  Marrakech in Morocco. The Extreme Age was: 2 Days - 15 years with an average age of  24 months, a total of  259 S . aureus were collected from various clinical specimens, fifty three isolates identified as MRSA using antibiogram, disc diffusion method, and PCR  to determine staphylococcal chromosome cassette mec (SCCmec).Results: All isolates from neonates were resistant to Penicillin, Oxacillin, all were susceptible to the Vancomycin, and Pristinamicin, 28 (52.83%) were resistant to Kanamycin, 27(50.94%) isolates were resistant to Pefloxacin, Tobramycin resistance was observed in 26 (49.06%) isolates, twenty four of isolates 53 (45.28%) were resistant to Erythromycin 21 (39.62%) to Gentamicin, Tetracycline resistance was observed in 19 (35.85%) isolates, resistance was also observed in 16 (30.19%) strains to both Rifampin and Trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole, in 9 (16.98%) strains to fusidic acid, in 5 (9.43%) strains to Tigecycline, and in four strains (7.5%) to Chloramphenicol, only one (1.89%) strains to Lincomicin. SCCmec-III was the dominant SCCmec type (47.17%), followed by SCCmec-IV  (33.96%), SCCmec-II (11.32%), SCCmecV (5.66%) and SCCmec I (1.89%) were the less common,  SCCmec Type -VI  is absent in all strains.Conclusion: The need for routine surveillance of child for resistant methicillin staphylococcus aureus to reduce child morbidity caused by the organism has therefore been revealed by this study.

Computational Approach Revealed Potential Affinity of Antiasthmatics Against Receptor Binding Domain of 2019n-Cov Spike Glycoprotein

The novel COVID-19 pandemic is now a health threat, with a deep-felt impact worldwide. The new coronavirus 2019 (2019 n-Cov) binds to host human receptors through Receptor Binding Domain RBD of Spike glycoprotein (S), making it a prominent drug target. The present study aims to identify new potential hits that can inhibit the S protein using in silico approaches. Several natural and synthetics compounds (antiasthmatics, Antiviral, Antimalarial, Antibacterial, Anti-Inflammatory, cyclic peptide, and cyclic bis) were screened by molecular docking using AutoDock Vina. Additionally, we tested calcitriol and three known drugs (Azithromycin, HydroxyChloroquine, and Chloroquine ) against the spike protein to found if they have any direct interaction.Our finding consists of 4 potential synthetic compounds from PubChem database, known for their antiasthmatic effects, that show highly binding energies each (-8.6 kcal/mol, 7.7kcal/mol, -7.2 kcal/mol and -7.0 kcal/mol). Another 5 natural compounds from the South African natural sources database (SANCDB) that bind to RBD of Spike with significant energy each: (Marchantin C with -7.3 kcal/mol, Riccardin C with -7.0 kcal/mol, Digitoxigenin-glucoside with -6.9 kcal/mol, D-Friedoolean-14-en-oic acid with -6.8 kcal/mol and, Spongotine A with -6.7 kcal/mol). The FaF-Drugs server was used to evaluate the drug-like properties of the identified compounds. Additionally, Calcitriol, Azithromycin, and HydroxyChloroquine have an appreciable binding affinity to 2019-nCoV S, suggesting a possible mechanism of action. Using in silico approaches like molecular docking and pharmacokinetic properties, we showed new potential inhibitors. Our findings need further analysis, and chemical design for more effective derivatives of these compounds speculated to disrupt the viral recognition of host receptors

Retracted: The automatic method of scorpion milking with specific voltage for safe collecting venom

This article was withdrawn and retracted by the Journal of Fundamental and Applied Sciences and has been removed from AJOL at the request of the journal Editor in Chief and the organisers of the conference at which the articles were presented (www.iccmit.net). Please address any queries to [email protected]