2,902 research outputs found
Rotorcraft linear simulation model. Volume 2: Computer implementation
A computer program used to process the equations is presented, and a full description of equation implementation is given. The model was implemented in the IBM 360 and CDC series computer systems
Electric field induced charge injection or exhaustion in organic thin film transistor
The conductivity of organic semiconductors is measured {\it in-situ} and
continuously with a bottom contact configuration, as a function of film
thickness at various gate voltages. The depletion layer thickness can be
directly determined as a shift of the threshold thickness at which electric
current began to flow. The {\it in-situ} and continuous measurement can also
determine qualitatively the accumulation layer thickness together with the
distribution function of injected carriers. The accumulation layer thickness is
a few mono layers, and it does not depend on gate voltages, rather depends on
the chemical species.Comment: 4 figures, to be published in Phys. Rev.
Short versus long silver nanowires: a comparison of in vivo pulmonary effects post instillation.
BackgroundSilver nanowires (Ag NWs) are increasingly being used to produce touchscreens for smart phones and computers. When applied in a thin film over a plastic substrate, Ag NWs create a transparent, highly-conductive network of fibers enabling the touch interface between consumers and their electronics. Large-scale application methods utilize techniques whereby Ag NW suspensions are deposited onto substrates via droplets. Aerosolized droplets increase risk of occupational Ag NW exposure. Currently, there are few published studies on Ag NW exposure-related health effects. Concerns have risen about the potential for greater toxicity from exposure to high-aspect ratio nanomaterials compared to their non-fibrous counterparts. This study examines whether Ag NWs of varying lengths affect biological responses and silver distribution within the lungs at different time-points.MethodsTwo different sizes of Ag NWs (2 μm [S-Ag NWs] and 20 μm [L-Ag NWs]) were tested. Male, Sprague-Dawley rats were intratracheally instilled with Ag NWs (0, 0.1, 0.5, or 1.0 mg/kg). Broncho-alveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and lung tissues were obtained at 1, 7, and 21 days post exposure for analysis of BAL total cells, cell differentials, and total protein as well as tissue pathology and silver distribution.Results and conclusionsThe two highest doses produced significant increases in BAL endpoints. At Day 1, Ag NWs increased total cells, inflammatory polymorphonuclear cells (PMNs), and total protein. PMNs persisted for both Ag NW types at Day 7, though not significantly so, and by Day 21, PMNs appeared in line with sham control values. Striking histopathological features associated with Ag NWs included 1) a strong influx of eosinophils at Days 1 and 7; and 2) formation of Langhans and foreign body giant cells at Days 7 and 21. Epithelial sloughing in the terminal bronchioles (TB) and cellular exudate in alveolar regions were also common. By Day 21, Ag NWs were primarily enclosed in granulomas or surrounded by numerous macrophages in the TB-alveolar duct junction. These findings suggest short and long Ag NWs produce pulmonary toxicity; thus, further research into exposure-related health effects and possible exposure scenarios are necessary to ensure human safety as Ag NW demand increases
Metal-Induced Gap States at Well Defined Alkali-Halide/Metal Interfaces
In order to search for states specific to insulator/metal interfaces, we have
studied epitaxially grown interfaces with element-selective near edge X-ray
absorption fine structure (NEXAFS). An extra peak is observed below the bulk
edge onset for LiCl films on Cu and Ag substrates. The nature of chemical bonds
as probed by X-ray photoemission spectroscopy and Auger electron spectroscopy
remains unchanged, so we regard this as evidence for metal-induced gap
states(MIGS) formed by the proximity to a metal, rather than local bonds at the
interface. The dependence on the film thickness shows that the MIGS are as thin
as one monolayer. An ab initio electronic structure calculation supports the
existence of the MIGS that are strongly localized at the interface.Comment: 4 pages, 5 figures, to be published in Phys. Rev. Let
Plasma taurine is an axonal excitability-translatable biomarker for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Electrochemical Concentration of Aqueous [18F]Fluoride into an Aprotic Solvent in a Disposable Microfluidic Cell
The cDNA and deduced amino acid sequence of the γ subunit of the L-type calcium channel from rabbit skeletal muscle
Complementary DNAs for the γ subunit of the calcium channel of rabbit skeletal muscle were isolated on the basis of peptide sequences derived from the purified protein. The deduced primary structure is without homology to other known protein sequences and is consistent with the γ subunit being an integral membrane protein
Pasture establishment in tropical brushlands by aerial herbicide and seeding treatments on Kauai
Free induction signal from biexcitons and bound excitons
A theory of the free induction signal from biexcitons and bound excitons is
presented. The simultaneous existence of the exciton continuum and a bound
state is shown to result in a new type of time dependence of the free
induction. The optically detected signal increases in time and oscillates with
increasing amplitude until damped by radiative or dephasing processes.
Radiative decay is anomalously fast and can result in strong picosecond pulses.
The expanding area of a coherent exciton polarization (inflating antenna),
produced by the exciting pulse, is the underlying physical mechanism. The
developed formalism can be applied to different biexciton transients.Comment: RevTeX, 20 p. + 2 ps fig. To appear in Phys. Rev. B1
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