Circuit Models of Lossy Multic onductor Transmission Lines: Incident Plane Wave Effect

In this paper, we concentrate on the variety impacts of incident plane wave on multiconductor transmission lines, utilizing Branin’s method, which is alluded to as the method of characteristics. The model can be directly used for the time-domain and frequency-domain analyses, Moreover,  it had the advantage of being used without the need of setting the  preconditions of  the  charges  applied  to  its  ends; this permits it to be effortlessly embedded in circuit simulators, for example Spice, Saber, and Esacap. This model validity is affirmed by contrasting our simulation results under ESACAP and different results, and we will talk about variety impacts of incident plane wave

TEKNIK EQUALIZER UNTUK SISTEM ORTHOGONAL FREQUENCY DIVISON MULTIPLEXING (OFDM) PADA KANAL MOBILE

Orthogonal frequency divison multiplexing (OFDM) adalah teknik multicarrier yang memiliki frekuensi orthogonal satu sama lain dengan menggunakan bandwidth yang sempit. Salah satu kelemahan pada sistem OFDM adalah terjadinya fading dan hilangnya orthogonalitas pada subchannel yang diakibatkan oleh pergeseran Doppler. Permasalahan yang timbul akibat pergeseran Doppler adalah terjadinya intercarrier interference (ICI) pada kanal sehingga diperlukan mitigasi ICI untuk meningkatkan kinerja pada sistem. Pada penelitian ini, mitigasi ICI dilakukan menggunakan zero forcing equalizer, MMSE equalizer dan LMS equalizer. LMS equalizer memiliki kinerja yang lebih baik dibandingkan zero forcing equalizer dan MMSE equalizer yaitu pada kanal mobile-to-fix rayleigh fading mampu bertahan pada BER ketika frekuensi Doppler ternormalisasi dengan Eb/No 33dB dan pada kanal mobile-to-mobile rayleigh fading mampu bertahan pada BER ketika frekuensi Doppler ternormalisasi dengan Eb/No 30dB. Kata Kunci : Doppler, Equalizer, Kanal Mobile , Mitigasi ICI, OFD

The effect of audit committee members expertise on internal audit budget: evidence from Malaysia

Internal auditing is not only an important element of international businesses, but also a crucial component of the company’s internal control and risk management. Audit committee’s main objective is to ensure the trustworthiness and credibility of financial statements by monitoring the process of financial reporting. Internal auditing and audit committees serve each other to generate reliable financial statements. The available resources for internal audit department is monitored by audit committee, whereas internal audit department reports internal control activities to audit committee. The main objective of this study is to examine the impact of audit committee members expertise (accounting experience, auditing experience, BIG Four experience, academic qualification and professional qualification) on internal audit budget in the context of Malaysia. The sample of this study includes the top 100 firms listed in Bursa Malaysia over three-years period – from 2015 to 2017 to examine the proposed relationship. The regression analysis shows that audit committee members accounting experience and professional qualifications have a positive and significant impact on internal audit budget, while audit committee members who worked at BIG Four firms and acquire academic qualification have negative and significant effect on investment in internal audit. The theoretical, academic, regulatory and practical implications were explained in detail showing how policy makers, practitioners and academics can benefit from the current study

Pathology and Abnormality of the First Permanent Molar among Children

The first permanent molar (FPM) plays an essential role in the masticatory function by contributing to the implementation and the maintenance of the occlusion. However, it is considered as the most frequently affected and the earliest affected tooth by caries; 27.4% of the 6–8 years old children have developed at least one cavity on one of the four first permanent molars, according to a study conducted among 3276 school children in Casablanca .Therefore, the FPM should benefit from special vigilance on the part of the practitioner to ensure that any early carious lesion is intercepted. In addition, the FPM, due to its period of mineralization coinciding with early childhood diseases, can erupt with a structural abnormality. Molar incisor hypomineralization (MIH) is considered to be the most common defects observed on first permanent molars among children. A study conducted among 1077 children aged 7–10 years enrolled in schools in Casablanca showed that 7.9% of children were affected with MIH. About 84.7% of the children had the four molars affected. Children with HIM had a significantly higher prevalence of caries: 78.8 versus 33.5%.These structural abnormalities of the enamel must be carried out earlier to ensure that the coronary anatomy is the least compromised

Compact broadband antenna with Vicsek fractal slots for WLAN and WiMAX applications

This article belongs to the Special Issue Photonic Technologies and Systems Enabling 6G.This paper aims to design a compact broadband antenna for wireless local area network (WLAN) and worldwide interoperability for microwave access (WIMAX) applications. The suggested antenna consists of an octagonal radiator with Vicsek fractal slots and a partial ground plane, it is printed on FR-4 dielectric substrate, and its global dimension is 50 × 50 × 1.6 mm3. The antenna is designed and constructed using both CST MICROWAVE STUDIO® and CADFEKO electromagnetic solver, and in order to validate the acquired simulation results, the antenna is manufactured and tested using vector network analyzer E5071C. The measurement results show that the designed antenna attains a broadband bandwidth (S11 < −10 dB) from 2.48 to 6.7 GHz resonating at 3.6 and 5.3 GHz, respectively. The broadband bandwidth covers the two required bands: WiMAX at the frequencies 2.3/2.5/3.3/3.5/5/5.5 GHz and WLAN at the frequencies 3.6/2.4–2.5/4.9–5.9 GHz. In addition, the suggested antenna provides good gains of 2.78 dBi and 5.32 dBi, omnidirectional measured radiation patterns in the E-plane and the H-plane and high efficiencies of 88.5% and 84.6% at the resonant frequencies. A close agreement of about 90% between simulation and measurement results is noticed.The authors appreciate the funding from Universidad Carlos III de Madrid and the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie Grant 801538. In addition the partial support from the Researchers Supporting Project number (RSP-2021/58), King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, is acknowledged

Compact Broadband Antenna with Vicsek Fractal Slots for WLAN and WiMAX Applications

This paper aims to design a compact broadband antenna for wireless local area network (WLAN) and worldwide interoperability for microwave access (WIMAX) applications. The suggested antenna consists of an octagonal radiator with Vicsek fractal slots and a partial ground plane, it is printed on FR-4 dielectric substrate, and its global dimension is 50 x 50 x 1.6 mm(3). The antenna is designed and constructed using both CST MICROWAVE STUDIO(R) and CADFEKO electromagnetic solver, and in order to validate the acquired simulation results, the antenna is manufactured and tested using vector network analyzer E5071C. The measurement results show that the designed antenna attains a broadband bandwidth (S-11 &lt; -10 dB) from 2.48 to 6.7 GHz resonating at 3.6 and 5.3 GHz, respectively. The broadband bandwidth covers the two required bands: WiMAX at the frequencies 2.3/2.5/3.3/3.5/5/5.5 GHz and WLAN at the frequencies 3.6/2.4-2.5/4.9-5.9 GHz. In addition, the suggested antenna provides good gains of 2.78 dBi and 5.32 dBi, omnidirectional measured radiation patterns in the E-plane and the H-plane and high efficiencies of 88.5% and 84.6% at the resonant frequencies. A close agreement of about 90% between simulation and measurement results is noticed