Oxidative polymerization of 4-[(4-phenylazo-phenyimino)-methyl]-phenol catalyzed by horseradish peroxidase

Schiff base derivate 4-[(4-phenylazo-phenyimino)-methyl]-phenol (4-PPMP) monomer was synthesized by condensation reaction and the chemical structure of the monomer has been characterized by UV-vis, FT-IR, H-1 NMR spectroscopies. 4-PPMP readily dissolves in 1,4-dioxane, THF, DMF, diethyl ether, chloroform and DMSO. Its solubility in methanol and ethanol is much lower. Enzymatic oxidative polymerization of azobenzene derivate 4-[(4-phenylazo-phenyimino)-methyl]-phenol using horseradish peroxidase (HRP) in the presence of hydrogen peroxide as catalyst and oxidizing agent was carried out in various solvents (acetone, methanol, ethanol, N,N-DMF, and 1,4-dioxane) and phosphate buffers (pH 6, 6.8, 7, and 7.2) at room temperature. Studies have shown that a black polymer having a melting point of 290 degrees C was successfully produced in good yields by utilizing aqueous 1,4-dioxane as the solvent at pH 6. Poly(4-[(4-phenylazo-phenyimino)-methyl]-phenol) P(4-PPMP) shows good solubility in 1,4-dioxane, DMF and DMSO but it is only sparingly soluble in chloroform, THF, methanol and ethanol. P-(4-PPMP) is insoluble in diethyl ether. Characterization of P-(4-PPMP) was carried out via UV-vis, FT-IR, H-1 NMR, elemental analysis and SEC measurements. The number-average molecular weight (M-n), weight-average molecular weight (M-w) and polydispersity index (PDI) of the polymer were determined to be 7970.4, 8146.2 and 1.02 g mol(-1), respectively. FT-IR and H-1 NMR studies confirmed the presence of phenylene and oxyphenylene units with in the polymer backbone. The optical band gaps (E-g) of 4-PPMP and P-(4-PPMP) were calculated as 3.69 and 3.36eV, respectively. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved

Synthesis and Characterization of Conducting Copolymers of Thiophene Derivatives

Electrochemical copolymerizations of N1,N2-bis(thiophen-3-ylmethylene)benzene-1,2-diamine (TMBD), 4-methyl-N1,N2-bis (thiophen-3-ylmethylene)benzene-1,2-diamine (MTMBD) and 4-nitro-N1,N2-bis(thiophen-3-ylmethylene)benzene-1,2-diamine (NTMBD) with 3,4-ethylenedioxy thiophene (EDOT) were carried out in CH3CN/LiClO4 (0.1M) solvent-electrolyte couple via potentiodynamic electrolysis. The resulting copolymers were characterized by cyclic voltammetry (CV), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The conductivity measurements of copolymers and PEDOT were carried out by the four-probe technique

Synthesis, Characterization and Optoelectrochemical Properties of Poly(2,5-di(thiophen-2-yl)-1-(4-(thiophen-3-yl)phenyl)-1H-pyrrole-co-EDOT)

A new polythiophene derivative was synthesized by electrochemical oxidative polymerization of 2,5-di( thiophen-2-yl)-1-(4-(thiophen-3-yl) phenyl)-1H-pyrrole (TTPP). The structure of the monomer was evaluated by H-1-NMR and FT-IR. The polymer (P(TTPP)) and its co-polymer with 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene (P(TTPP-co-EDOT)) were synthesized via potentiostatic electrochemical polymerization. The resulting polymers were characterized by cyclic voltammetry (CV), FT-IR, SEM and UV-Vis spectroscopy, and conductivity measurements. Also, the spectroelectrochemical and electrochromic properties of P(TTPP-co- EDOT) were investigated. While P(TTPP) reveals no electrochromic activity, its co-polymer with EDOT has two different colours (yellow and blue). Optical contrast, switching time, lambda(max) and band gap (E-g) of (P(TTPP-co-EDOT)) were determined. (C) Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden, 201

Synthesis and characterization of conducting copolymer of (N (1),N (3)-bis(thiophene-3-ylmethylene)benzene-1,3-diamine-co-3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)

Electrochemical copolymerization of N (1),N (3)-bis(thiophene-3-ylmethylene)benzene-1,3-diamine (TMBA) with 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene (EDOT) was carried out in a CH3CN/LiClO4 (0.1 M) solvent-electrolyte via potentiodynamic electrolysis. Chemical structure of the monomer was determined by nuclear magnetic resonance (H-1 NMR) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The resulting copolymer was characterized by cyclic voltammetry (CV), FTIR, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and thermogravimetry analyses (TGA). Conductivity measurements of the copolymer and PEDOT (poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)) were carried out by the four-probe technique

Synthesis and Characterization of Conducting Copolymers of Bisphenol A-Diglycidyl Ether with Thiophene Side-Groups and Pyrrole

Copolymers of bisphenol A-diglycidyl ether with thiophene side-groups and pyrrole were synthesized by electrochemical polymerization. Bisphenol A-diglycidyl ether with thiophene side-groups (DGEBATh) was obtained from the reaction between bisphenol A-diglycidyl ether (DGEBA) and thiophene-3-acetic acid. The syntheses of copolymers of DGEBATh and pyrrole were achieved electrochemically using three different supporting electrolytes, p-toluene sulfonic acid (PTSA), sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and tetrabutylammonium tetrafluoroborate (TBAFB). Characterizations of DGEBATh and copolymers were performed by combination of techniques including cyclic voltammetry, scanning electron microscopy, gel permeation chromatography, differential scanning calorimetry, 1H-NMR and FT-IR. The conductivities were measured by the four-probe technique

Enzymatic oxidative polymerization of para-imine functionalized phenol catalyzed by horseradish peroxidase

Enzymatic oxidative polymerization of a new para-imine functionalized phenol derivative, 4-(4-hydroxybenzylideneamino)benzoic acid (HBBA), using horseradish peroxidase enzyme and hydrogen peroxide oxidizer has been investigated in an equivolume mixture of an organic solvent (acetone, methanol, ethanol, dimethylformamide, 1,4-dioxane, and tetrahydrofuran) and phosphate buffer (pH=5.0, 6.0, 6.8, 7.0, 7.2, 8.0, and 9.0) at different temperatures under air for 24h. The resulting oligomer, oligo(4-(4-hydroxybenzylideneamino)benzoic acid) [oligo(HBBA)], was characterized using ultraviolet-visible, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), H-1 nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), cyclic voltammetry, size exclusion chromatography, differential scanning calorimetry, and thermogravimetric analyses. Polymerization involved carbon dioxide and hydrogen elimination from the monomer, and terminal units of the oligomer structure consisted of phenolic hydroxyl (-OH) groups at the ends. The polymer is mainly composed of a mixture of phenylene and oxyphenylene units according to H-1 NMR and FT-IR analyses. Effects of solvent system, temperature and buffer pH on the polymerization have been investigated in respect to the yield and molecular weight (M-n) of the product. The best condition in terms of the highest molecular weight (M-n=3000g/mol, DP similar to 15) was achieved in an equivolume mixture of 1,4-dioxane/pH 5.0 phosphate buffer condition at 35 degrees C. Electrochemical characterization of oligo(HBBA) was investigated at different scan rates. The resulting oligomer has also shown relatively high thermal stability according to thermogravimetric analysis. Copyright (c) 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd

Synthesis, electrochemical, and antibacterial activity of some novel N(4)O(2) ligand derivativies

A novel ligand has been synthesized by the condensation of 1,3-diaminoprophane (HL) with isonitroso-p-chloroacetophenone. The complexes of cobalt(II), nicel(II), cupper(II) and zinc(II) with HL were prepared. All compounds were characterized by spectroscopic techniques and its antibacterial activities were determined by the disc diffusion method used against to those gram-positive and-negative bacteria. All compounds were investigated by cyclic voltammetry at 25 degrees C. The voltammograms were recorded with a potential scan of 100 mV s(-1)

Immobilization of invertase and glucose oxidase in conducting copolymers of thiophene functionalized poly(vinyl alcohol) with pyrrole

In this study, immobilizations of invertase and glucose oxidase were achieved in conducting thiophene functionalized copolymers of vinyl alcohol with thiophene side groups and pyrrole (PVATh/PPy) via electrochemical polymerization. The kinetic parameters, V-max (maximum reaction rate) and K-m (substrate affinity), of both free and immobilized enzymes were determined. The effect of supporting electrolytes, p-toluene sulfonic acid and sodium dodecyl sulfate, on the enzyme activity and film morphologies was examined. The optimum temperature, operational and storage stabilities of immobilized enzymes were determined. PVATh/PPy copolymer was found to exhibit significantly enhanced properties compared to pristine polypyrrole. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved

Synthesis and properties of novel Schiff base oligomers based on oligo-4-hydroxybenzaldehyde

Condensation of oligo-4-hydroxybenzaldehyde with aniline, 2-chloroaniline, 2-aminophenol, 2-aminotoluene, 4-aminotoluene, and 4-nitroaniline gave the corresponding Schiff base oligomers (OFAP, OKAP, OHAP, OOAP, OTAP, and ONAP, respectively). The products were characterized by H-1 NMR, Fourier transform infrared, ultraviolet-visible, and elemental analyses. The number-average molecular weight, mass-average molecular weight, and polydispersity index (PDI) values of the Schiff base oligomers were determined. Thermogravimetric analysis was used to compare the thermal stability of the oligomers, which showed the Schiff base oligomers to be resistant to thermooxidative decomposition. Weight loss of 5% and 50% occurred at temperatures of 122 and 475 degreesC; for OFAP, at 118 and 453 degreesC; for OKAP, at 182 and 491 degreesC; for OHAP, at 150 and 452 degreesC; for OOAP, at 132 and 401 degreesC; for OTAP, and at 193 and 414 degreesC for ONAP. (C) 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc

Synthesis and characterization of a new soluble conducting polymer and its electrochromic devices

A new polythiophene derivative was synthesized by both chemical and electrochemical oxidative polymerization of 1-(perfluorophenyl)-2,5-di(2-thienyl)-1H-pyrrole (FPTPy). The structures of both the monomer and the soluble polymer were elucidated by nuclear magnetic resonance (H-1-NMR) and fourier transform infrared (FTIR). Polymer of FPTPy was also synthesized via potentiostatic electrochemical polymerization in acetonitrile (AN)/NaClO4/LiClO4 (0.1 M:0.1 M) Solvent-electrolyte couple. Characterizations of the resulting insoluble polymer were performed by cyclic voltammetry (CV), FTIR, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and UV-Vis Spectroscopy. Four-probe technique was used to measure the conductivities of the samples. Moreover, the spectroelectrochemical and electrochromic properties of the polymer film were investigated. In addition, dual type polymer electrochromic devices (ECDs) based on P(FPTPy) with poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) were constructed. Spectroelectrochemistry, electrochromic switching and open circuit stability of the devices were studied. They were found to have good switching times, reasonable contrasts and optical memories. (C) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved