Effect of Body Position on Oxygenation and Hemodynamic Status among Patients with Traumatic Brain Injury

Context: Positioning is one of the most frequently performed nursing activities in the critical care unit. It is often providing a central pivotal focus for planning other nursing activities. Therapeutic positioning of the patient's head and different degrees of the head of the bed elevation has been suggested as a low-cost and simple approach to preventing secondary brain injury.Aim: determine the effect of body position on oxygenation and hemodynamic status among patients with traumatic brain injury. Methods: Quasi-experiments (single group pre/posttest design). The study was conducted in the Critical Care Units in El-Mansoura general hospital in El-Mansoura city. A purposive sample of (67) adult patients diagnosed with traumatic brain injuries was recruited for this study. A structured socio-demographic interview questionnaire, patients’ medical records to elicit clinical variables and record cardiorespiratory assessment findings, Glasgow Coma Scale, and Richmond Agitation Sedation Scale were used to either include or exclude the patient according to the study criteria. Results: There was a significant increase in oxygen saturation in post right lateral position from (94.93 ± 1.25 to 95.37 ± 1.17) and the semi fowler position from (95.37 ± 1.17 to 97.31 ± 11.13) compared to pre-positioning. The hemodynamic parameters (heart rate, respiratory rate, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, and mean arterial pressure) were significantly decreased in the post-semi- fowler position and then right lateral position compared to pre. Besides, the CVP is significantly increased in the semi-fowler position. Conclusion: Oxygen saturation and all hemodynamic parameters were significantly improved compared to their normal range in post- semi-fowler position, then right lateral position. Developing a nursing practice protocol for critical care nurses to position patients at the semi- fowler position after traumatic brain injury can improve oxygenation and hemodynamic parameters. Moreover, further studies should be carried out to assess the effect of other body positions in other medical conditions

TWISTED BUILDINGS: CONCEPTS AND APPROACHES

With the emerging of new technologies, the look for more sustainable towers appears. Through designing twisted towers, an aerodynamic and energy efficient structure can be made to reduce materials and wind loads towards it. By definition, a twisted building is one that has gradually rotating floor plates along its height. The problem here rises due to the risk of structural failure and lack of load transfer and unorganized interior function. Thus, this research aims to detect the design solutions used to execute the twisted buildings achieving stability, safety, and withstanding climatic effects. In order to accomplish the mentioned aim, the research will start with a literature review, desk research, highlighting previous readings solving the problem. Qualitative research will be conducted based on academic articles and the case study of projects such as Dubai’s Infinity Tower by SOM and the second tallest building in Saudi Arabia, the Diamond Tower in Jeddah

Dyed Grafted Poly(tetra fluoro ethylene-perfluoro vinyl ether) copolymer Film with Acrylic Acid for High-Dose Radiation Dosimetry

The grafted films of poly(tetra fluoro ethylene-perfluoro vinyl ether) copolymer film with acrylic acid ( PFA-g-PAAc) were prepared by ?-radiation. The films were allowed to react with an ionic dye, namely Brilliant Green (BG). The investigations show that these new dosimeter films of PFABG may be useful for high dose gamma radiation applications. The useful absorbed dose range of the dyed film extends up to about 400 kGy. The radiation-induced colour bleaching has been analyzed with visible spectrophotometery, either at the maximum of absorption band at 633 nm. The effects of relative humidity during irradiation, shelf-life and post-irradiation storage in dark and indirect daylight conditions on dosimeters performance are discussed. Key word: Brilliant Green/ Poly(tetra fluoro ethylene-perfluoro vinyl ether) copolymer/ Acrylic Acid/ Radiation Dosimetr

5G Hairpin and Interdigital Bandpass Filters

At two low 5G frequency bands: 3.7 GHz - 4.2 GHz and 5.975 GHz -7.125 GHz, Hairpin Bandpass Filter (HPBF) and Interdigital Bandpass Filter (IBF) are designed and simulated in this paper. Both filters show good results in terms of matching and transmission responses with a wide bandwidth through the two frequency bands. HPBF with simple design resulted in good return and insertion losses, < - 10.43 dB and – 0.63 dB, and < - 14.48 dB and –0.46 dB through frequency bands: 3.51 GHz - 4.27 GHz and 5.58 GHz – 7.24 GHz, respectively. In addition to good filter response that IBF provides, it supports high order second harmonics suppression. The simulated S11 and S12 of this filter are < -11.15 dB and –0.63 dB with out of band rejection up to 11.12 GHz through the frequency band 3.56  GHz – 4.25 GHz. Furthermore, at the second frequency band IBF is designed with two different grounding via hole radii (rVia), case 1: rVia = 0.4 mm and case 2: rVia = 0.7 mm. For both cases, the designed filter shows good results with high order second harmonics suppression up to 18.33 GHz and 18.96 GHz. In this paper, High Frequency Structure Simulator (HFSS) software is used to carry out the simulation

Predictors and their domain for statistical downscaling of climate in Bangladesh

Reliable projection of future rainfall in Bangladesh is very important for the assessment of possible impacts of climate change and implementation of necessary adaptation and mitigation measures. Statistical downscaling methods are widely used for downscaling coarse resolution general circulation model (GCM) output at local scale. Selection of predictors and their spatial domain is very important to facilitate downscaling future climate projected by GCMs. The present paper reports the finding of the study conducted to identify the GCM predictors and demarcate their climatic domain for statistical downscaling in Bangladesh at local or regional scale. Twenty-six large scale atmospheric variables which are widely simulated GCM predictors from 45 grid points around the country were analysed using various statistical methods for this purpose. The study reveals that large-scale atmospheric variables at the grid points located in the central-west part of Bangladesh have the highest influence on rainfall. It is expected that the finding of the study will help different meteorological and agricultural organizations of Bangladesh to project rainfall and temperature at local scale in order to provide various agricultural or hydrological services

Historical trends and future projection of climate at Dhaka city of Bangladesh

Dhaka, the capital city of Bangladesh is considered as one of the most vulnerable cities of the world to climate change. A study has been carried out to assess the historical changes as well as future changes in the climate of Dhaka city in order to propose necessary mitigation and adaptation measures. Statistical downscaling model (SDSM) was used for the projection of future changes in daily rainfall and temperature and non-parametric trend analysis was used to assess the changes in rainfall, temperature and related extremes. The impacts of projected changes in climate on urban infrastructure and livelihood in Dhaka city was finally assessed to propose necessary adaptation measures. The study revealed that night time temperature in Dhaka city has increased significantly at a rate of 0.22ºC/decade in last fifty year, which is support to increase continually in the future. Different temperature related extreme events are also found to increase significantly in Dhaka. On the other hand, no significant change in rainfall or rainfall related extremes are observed. Therefore, it can be remarked that imminent impacts of climate change will be due to the increase in temperature and temperature related extremes. The public health and the water and energy supply are likely to be imminent affected sector in the city due to climate change

Solar water heating system in Libyan buildings

Solar energy is a clean and abundant energy resource that can be used to supplement several energy needs. Solar energy can be utilized as a form of heat, such as solar water heating, and as electricity, such as solar photovoltaic. Solar water heating systems are commonly referred to in the industry as Solar Domestic Hot Water systems. The challenges (increasing demand for energy, sustainable development, low competitiveness, reducing environmental impacts) and the opportunities (value added, job creation, transfer of knowledge and technology acquisition) that North African countries are experiencing today in this field, call for collective action across the whole region, oriented towards tangible results, including Libya faces challenges in providing energy in light of the continuing power outages. The objectives of this research are to identify the current practices of solar water heating system in Libyan buildings, to identify the factors that hinder the application of solar water heating system in Libyan buildings, to suggest on the application of solar water heating system in Libyan buildings. Questionnaires were used to collect the data from contractors and consultants in the construction industry. Ranking and analysis of variance (correlation) were used to analyse the data collected with the use of version 21 SPSS. It was found that the application of renewable energy in construction project is very low. However, the factors that hinder of solar water heating system in Libya were lack of consultant's initiatives, lack of financial commitment, and lack of commitment design team, lack of government interest to promote solar water heating system and high tax on solar energy by government. The result of this finding implicate that the construction industry in Libya need to improve its approach in using solar water heating system by understanding its current practices and finding ways to solve of the factors that hinder

Density functional theory study on the catalytic dehydrogenation of methane on MoO3 (010) surface

Methane conversion offers hydrocarbon building blocks of high market value, which are easier to transport than natural gas. Under non-oxidative conditions, the process can also produce clean hydrogen fuel. In this study, we explored the catalytic dehydrogenation of methane on molybdenum oxide (MoO3) surface. Periodic density functional theory calculations were performed to study the adsorption of CH4 on two different supercells of the MoO3 (010) surface. It was found that CH4 adsorption was more favorable on a smooth surface constructed of Mo and O network, rather than a surface made with dangling O atoms as thought before. A reaction mechanism for hydrogen formation was then proposed. The first energy barrier for the H-abstraction step was calculated to be 66.4 kJ/mol, which is lower than previously reported values obtained for simple MoxOy clusters. The reactions were discussed using the two-state reactivity approach, where different electronic states can play a role in the H-abstraction step. The mechanism also showed the formation of methyl radicals and ethylene, in addition to molecular hydrogen.This research is funded by Qatar University’s grant number QUCG-CAS-21221

Risk Factors Associated With Hip Fractures among Adult People in Babylon City, Iraq

BACKGROUND: The fractures of hip joint considered as a serious problem in public health in the medical and socioeconomic issues, the incidence of the fracture neck femur is significantly increased with the increment of general population life span. AIM: The goal of this study is to highlight and focus on the most important risk factor for the hip fractures in our Babylon society, and to improve our understanding of the medical and social aspects of these predisposing factors. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A case-control study of older adults (above 60 years old). The study was done on tow samples. First, one consisting of 75 cases those having fracture neck femur considered as cases, and second sample as a control group, consisting of 150 people as a healthy control group having no fracture. A pre-tested questionnaire was prepared to collect data from both samples; the questionnaire included demographic data and information about potential risk factors of hip fracture. RESULTS: Most of the people in the study samples in both groups were, married women, housekeepers, illiterate and from urban dwellers. There was highly significant association between case-control groups regarding, Continuous using of medication such as cortisone which was found to be a potential risk factor of hip fracture (Unadjusted OR = 3.636), low income was positively associated risk factor of hip fracture in this study (OR = 2.377), low milk intake, low sun exposure, tobacco smoking were positively associated with this health problem (OR = 1.794), while physical exercise was protective factor (OR = 0.489). CONCLUSION: The highest risk factors associated with increased occurrence of hip fracture were using cortisone, Osteoporosis, tobacco smoking, consuming soft drinks, and less exposure to sunlight

Asas Keusahawanan (ETR 300) : Conquest Waste Disposal Services / Azizul Hadi Abd Aziz [et al.]

Conquest Waste Disposal Services adalah perniagaan perkongsian yang menyediakan pengangkutan sisa-sisa industri dari kilang-kilang yang terletak di Kawasan perindustrian Perai, Pulau Pinang. Sisa-sisa yang dipungut akan di kitar semula atau dilupuskan