Post-Deployment Adaptation with Access to Source Data via Federated Learning and Source-Target Remote Gradient Alignment

Deployment of Deep Neural Networks in medical imaging is hindered by distribution shift between training data and data processed after deployment, causing performance degradation. Post-Deployment Adaptation (PDA) addresses this by tailoring a pre-trained, deployed model to the target data distribution using limited labelled or entirely unlabelled target data, while assuming no access to source training data as they cannot be deployed with the model due to privacy concerns and their large size. This makes reliable adaptation challenging due to limited learning signal. This paper challenges this assumption and introduces FedPDA, a novel adaptation framework that brings the utility of learning from remote data from Federated Learning into PDA. FedPDA enables a deployed model to obtain information from source data via remote gradient exchange, while aiming to optimize the model specifically for the target domain. Tailored for FedPDA, we introduce a novel optimization method StarAlign (Source-Target Remote Gradient Alignment) that aligns gradients between source-target domain pairs by maximizing their inner product, to facilitate learning a target-specific model. We demonstrate the method's effectiveness using multi-center databases for the tasks of cancer metastases detection and skin lesion classification, where our method compares favourably to previous work. Code is available at: https://github.com/FelixWag/StarAlignComment: This version was accepted for the Machine Learning in Medical Imaging (MLMI 2023) workshop at MICCAI 202

Maintenance of GLUT4 expression in smooth muscle prevents hypertension‐induced changes in vascular reactivity

Previous studies have shown that expression of GLUT4 is decreased in arterial smooth muscle of hypertensive rats and mice and that total body overexpression of GLUT4 in mice prevents enhanced arterial reactivity in hypertension. To demonstrate that the effect of GLUT4 overexpression on vascular responses is dependent on vascular smooth muscle GLUT4 rather than on some systemic effect we developed and tested smooth‐muscle‐specific GLUT4 transgenic mice (SMG4). When made hypertensive with angiotensin II, both wild‐type and SMG4 mice exhibited similarly increased systolic blood pressure. Responsiveness to phenylephrine, serotonin, and prostaglandin F2α was significantly increased in endothelium‐intact aortic rings from hypertensive wild‐type mice but not in aortae of SMG4 mice. Inhibition of Rho‐kinase equally reduced serotonin‐stimulated contractility in aortae of hypertensive wild‐type and SMG4‐mice. In addition, acetylcholine‐stimulated relaxation was significantly decreased in aortic rings of hypertensive wild‐type mice, but not in rings of SMG4 mice. Inhibition of either prostacylin receptors or cyclooxygenase‐2 reduced relaxation in rings of hypertensive SMG4 mice. Inhibition of cyclooxygenase‐2 had no effect on relaxation in rings of hypertensive wild‐type mice. Cyclooxygenase‐2 protein expression was decreased in hypertensive wild‐type aortae but not in hypertensive SMG4 aortae compared to nonhypertensive controls. Our results demonstrate that smooth muscle expression of GLUT4 exerts a major effect on smooth muscle contractile responses and endothelium‐dependent vasorelaxation and that normal expression of GLUT4 in vascular smooth muscle is required for appropriate smooth muscle and endothelial responses.e12299In the smooth muscle of aortae of hypertensive mice, expression of GLUT4 is decreased. Maintenance of aortic smooth muscle GLUT4 expression prevents hypertension‐mediated changes in vasomotor response. These effects include decreasing/preventing endothelial dysfunction.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/110755/1/phy212299.pd

Single cell-transcriptomic analysis informs the lncRNA landscape in metastatic castration resistant prostate cancer

Metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) is a lethal form of prostate cancer. Although long-noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been implicated in mCRPC, past studies have relied on bulk sequencing methods with low depth and lack of single-cell resolution. Hence, we performed a lncRNA-focused analysis of single-cell RNA-sequencing data (n = 14) from mCRPC biopsies followed by integration with bulk multi-omic datasets. This yielded 389 cell-enriched lncRNAs in prostate cancer cells and the tumor microenvironment (TME). These lncRNAs demonstrated enrichment with regulatory elements and exhibited alterations during prostate cancer progression. Prostate-lncRNAs were correlated with AR mutational status and response to treatment with enzalutamide, while TME-lncRNAs were associated with RB1 deletions and poor prognosis. Finally, lncRNAs identified between prostate adenocarcinomas and neuroendocrine tumors exhibited distinct expression and methylation profiles. Our findings demonstrate the ability of single-cell analysis to refine our understanding of lncRNAs in mCRPC and serve as a resource for future mechanistic studies

Isolated and Combined Effects of Electroacupuncture and Meditation in Reducing Experimentally Induced Ischemic Pain: A Pilot Study

Acupuncture and meditation are promising treatment options for clinical pain. However, studies investigating the effects of these methods on experimental pain conditions are equivocal. Here, the effects of electroacupuncture (EA) and meditation on the submaximum effort tourniquet technique (SETT), a well-established, opiate-sensitive pain paradigm in experimental placebo research were studied. Ten experienced meditators (6 male subjects) and 13 nonmeditators (6 male subjects) were subjected to SETT (250 mmHG) on one baseline (SETT only) and two treatment days (additional EA contralaterally to the SETT, either at the leg on ST36 and LV3 or at the arm on LI4 and LI10 in randomized order). Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) ratings (scale 0–10) were recorded every 3 min. During baseline, meditation induced significantly greater pain tolerance in meditators when compared with the control group. Both the EA conditions significantly increased pain tolerance and reduced pain ratings in controls. Furthermore, EA diminished the group difference in pain sensitivity, indicating that meditators had no additional benefit from acupuncture. The data suggest that EA as a presumable bottom-up process may be as effective as meditation in controlling experimental SETT pain. However, no combined effect of both the techniques could be observed

The influence of a series of five dry cupping treatments on pain and mechanical thresholds in patients with chronic non-specific neck pain : a randomised controlled pilot study

In this preliminary trial we investigated the effects of dry cupping, an ancient method for treating pain syndromes, on patients with chronic non-specific neck pain. Sensory mechanical thresholds and the participants’ self-reported outcome measures of pain and quality of life were evaluated. Fifty patients (50.5 ± 11.9 years) were randomised to a treatment group (TG) or a waiting-list control group (WL). Patients in the TG received a series of 5 cupping treatments over a period of 2 weeks; the control group did not. Self-reported outcome measures before and after the cupping series included the following: Pain at rest (PR) and maximal pain related to movement (PM) on a 100-mm visual analogue scale (VAS), pain diary (PD) data on a 0-10 numeric rating scale (NRS), Neck Disability Index (NDI), and health-related quality of life (SF-36). In addition, the mechanical-detection thresholds (MDT), vibration-detection thresholds (VDT), and pressure-pain thresholds (PPT) were determined at pain-related and control areas. Patients of the TG had significantly less pain after cupping therapy than patients of the WL group (PR: Δ-22.5 mm, p = 0.00002; PM: Δ-17.8 mm, p = 0.01). Pain diaries (PD) revealed that neck pain decreased gradually in the TG patients and that pain reported by the two groups differed significantly after the fifth cupping session (Δ-1.1, p = 0.001). There were also significant differences in the SF-36 subscales for bodily pain (Δ13.8, p = 0.006) and vitality (Δ10.2, p = 0.006). Group differences in PPT were significant at pain-related and control areas (all p < 0.05), but were not significant for MDT or VDT. A series of five dry cupping treatments appeared to be effective in relieving chronic non-specific neck pain. Not only subjective measures improved, but also mechanical pain sensitivity differed significantly between the two groups, suggesting that cupping has an influence on functional pain processing

The Effect of Traditional Cupping on Pain and Mechanical Thresholds in Patients with Chronic Nonspecific Neck Pain: A Randomised Controlled Pilot Study

Introduction. Cupping has been used since antiquity in the treatment of pain conditions. In this pilot study, we investigated the effect of traditional cupping therapy on chronic nonspecific neck pain (CNP) and mechanical sensory thresholds. Methods. Fifty CNP patients were randomly assigned to treatment (TG, n = 25) or waiting list control group (WL, n = 25). TG received a single cupping treatment. Pain at rest (PR), pain related to movement (PM), quality of life (SF-36), Neck Disability Index (NDI), mechanical detection (MDT), vibration detection (MDT), and pressure pain thresholds (PPT) were measured before and three days after a single cupping treatment. Patients also kept a pain and medication diary (PaDi, MeDi) during the study. Results. Baseline characteristics were similar in the two groups. After cupping TG reported significantly less pain (PR: −17.9 mm VAS, 95%CI −29.2 to −6.6; PM: −19.7, 95%CI −32.2 to −7.2; PaDi: −1.5 points on NRS, 95%CI −2.5 to −0.4; all P < 0.05) and higher quality of life than WL (SF-36, Physical Functioning: 7.5, 95%CI 1.4 to 13.5; Bodily Pain: 14.9, 95%CI 4.4 to 25.4; Physical Component Score: 5.0, 95%CI 1.4 to 8.5; all P < 0.05). No significant effect was found for NDI, MDT, or VDT, but TG showed significantly higher PPT at pain-areas than WL (in lg(kPa); pain-maximum: 0.088, 95%CI 0.029 to 0.148, pain-adjacent: 0.118, 95%CI 0.038 to 0.199; both P < 0.01). Conclusion. A single application of traditional cupping might be an effective treatment for improving pain, quality of life, and hyperalgesia in CNP

Dual enzyme-triggered controlled release on capped nanometric silica mesoporous supports

We thank the Spanish Government (project MAT2009-14564-C04 and CTQ2007-64735-AR07) the Generalitat Valencia (project PROMETEO/2009/016) for support. A.A. and L.M. thank the Generalitat Valenciana for their Santiago Grisolia Fellowship and VALI+D postdoctoral contract, respectively. We thank the confocal microscopy service from CIPF for technical support.Agostini, A.; Mondragón Martínez, L.; Coll Merino, MC.; Aznar Gimeno, E.; Marcos Martínez, MD.; Martínez Mañez, R.; Sancenón Galarza, F.... (2012). Dual enzyme-triggered controlled release on capped nanometric silica mesoporous supports. ChemistryOpen. 1:17-20. https://doi.org/10.1002/open.201200003S17201Saha, S., Leung, K. C.-F., Nguyen, T. D., Stoddart, J. F., & Zink, J. I. (2007). Nanovalves. Advanced Functional Materials, 17(5), 685-693. doi:10.1002/adfm.200600989Trewyn, B. G., Slowing, I. I., Giri, S., Chen, H.-T., & Lin, V. S.-Y. (2007). 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Chemical Communications, 47(10), 2817. doi:10.1039/c0cc04424eTrewyn, B. G., Giri, S., Slowing, I. I., & Lin, V. S.-Y. (2007). Mesoporous silica nanoparticle based controlled release, drug delivery, and biosensor systems. Chemical Communications, (31), 3236. doi:10.1039/b701744hTorney, F., Trewyn, B. G., Lin, V. S.-Y., & Wang, K. (2007). Mesoporous silica nanoparticles deliver DNA and chemicals into plants. Nature Nanotechnology, 2(5), 295-300. doi:10.1038/nnano.2007.108Radu, D. R., Lai, C.-Y., Jeftinija, K., Rowe, E. W., Jeftinija, S., & Lin, V. S.-Y. (2004). A Polyamidoamine Dendrimer-Capped Mesoporous Silica Nanosphere-Based Gene Transfection Reagent. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 126(41), 13216-13217. doi:10.1021/ja046275mGiri, S., Trewyn, B. G., Stellmaker, M. P., & Lin, V. S.-Y. (2005). Stimuli-Responsive Controlled-Release Delivery System Based on Mesoporous Silica Nanorods Capped with Magnetic Nanoparticles. Angewandte Chemie, 117(32), 5166-5172. doi:10.1002/ange.200501819Giri, S., Trewyn, B. G., Stellmaker, M. P., & Lin, V. S.-Y. (2005). Stimuli-Responsive Controlled-Release Delivery System Based on Mesoporous Silica Nanorods Capped with Magnetic Nanoparticles. Angewandte Chemie International Edition, 44(32), 5038-5044. doi:10.1002/anie.200501819Fujiwara, M., Terashima, S., Endo, Y., Shiokawa, K., & Ohue, H. (2006). Switching catalytic reaction conducted in pore void of mesoporous material by redox gate control. Chemical Communications, (44), 4635. doi:10.1039/b610444dLiu, R., Zhao, X., Wu, T., & Feng, P. (2008). Tunable Redox-Responsive Hybrid Nanogated Ensembles. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 130(44), 14418-14419. doi:10.1021/ja8060886Nguyen, T. D., Liu, Y., Saha, S., Leung, K. C.-F., Stoddart, J. F., & Zink, J. I. (2007). Design and Optimization of Molecular Nanovalves Based on Redox-Switchable Bistable Rotaxanes. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 129(3), 626-634. doi:10.1021/ja065485rCasasús, R., Marcos, M. D., Martínez-Máñez, R., Ros-Lis, J. V., Soto, J., Villaescusa, L. A., … Latorre, J. (2004). Toward the Development of Ionically Controlled Nanoscopic Molecular Gates. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 126(28), 8612-8613. doi:10.1021/ja048095iCasasús, R., Climent, E., Marcos, M. D., Martínez-Máñez, R., Sancenón, F., Soto, J., … Ruiz, E. (2008). Dual Aperture Control on pH- and Anion-Driven Supramolecular Nanoscopic Hybrid Gate-like Ensembles. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 130(6), 1903-1917. doi:10.1021/ja0756772Aznar, E., Marcos, M. D., Martínez-Máñez, R., Sancenón, F., Soto, J., Amorós, P., & Guillem, C. (2009). pH- and Photo-Switched Release of Guest Molecules from Mesoporous Silica Supports. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 131(19), 6833-6843. doi:10.1021/ja810011pAngelos, S., Yang, Y.-W., Khashab, N. M., Stoddart, J. F., & Zink, J. I. (2009). 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Journal of the American Chemical Society, 131(42), 15136-15142. doi:10.1021/ja904982jYang, Q., Wang, S., Fan, P., Wang, L., Di, Y., Lin, K., & Xiao, F.-S. (2005). pH-Responsive Carrier System Based on Carboxylic Acid Modified Mesoporous Silica and Polyelectrolyte for Drug Delivery. Chemistry of Materials, 17(24), 5999-6003. doi:10.1021/cm051198vPark, C., Oh, K., Lee, S. C., & Kim, C. (2007). Controlled Release of Guest Molecules from Mesoporous Silica Particles Based on a pH-Responsive Polypseudorotaxane Motif. Angewandte Chemie, 119(9), 1477-1479. doi:10.1002/ange.200603404Park, C., Oh, K., Lee, S. C., & Kim, C. (2007). Controlled Release of Guest Molecules from Mesoporous Silica Particles Based on a pH-Responsive Polypseudorotaxane Motif. Angewandte Chemie International Edition, 46(9), 1455-1457. doi:10.1002/anie.200603404Chen, L., Di, J., Cao, C., Zhao, Y., Ma, Y., Luo, J., … Jiang, L. (2011). A pH-driven DNA nanoswitch for responsive controlled release. 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Enzyme-Responsive Snap-Top Covered Silica Nanocontainers. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 130(8), 2382-2383. doi:10.1021/ja0772086Schlossbauer, A., Kecht, J., & Bein, T. (2009). Biotin-Avidin as a Protease-Responsive Cap System for Controlled Guest Release from Colloidal Mesoporous Silica. Angewandte Chemie, 121(17), 3138-3141. doi:10.1002/ange.200805818Schlossbauer, A., Kecht, J., & Bein, T. (2009). Biotin-Avidin as a Protease-Responsive Cap System for Controlled Guest Release from Colloidal Mesoporous Silica. Angewandte Chemie International Edition, 48(17), 3092-3095. doi:10.1002/anie.200805818Bernardos, A., Aznar, E., Marcos, M. D., Martínez-Máñez, R., Sancenón, F., Soto, J., … Amorós, P. (2009). Enzyme-Responsive Controlled Release Using Mesoporous Silica Supports Capped with Lactose. Angewandte Chemie, 121(32), 5998-6001. doi:10.1002/ange.200900880Bernardos, A., Aznar, E., Marcos, M. D., Martínez-Máñez, R., Sancenón, F., Soto, J., … Amorós, P. (2009). Enzyme-Responsive Controlled Release Using Mesoporous Silica Supports Capped with Lactose. Angewandte Chemie International Edition, 48(32), 5884-5887. doi:10.1002/anie.200900880Bernardos, A., Mondragón, L., Aznar, E., Marcos, M. D., Martínez-Máñez, R., Sancenón, F., … Amorós, P. (2010). Enzyme-Responsive Intracellular Controlled Release Using Nanometric Silica Mesoporous Supports Capped with «Saccharides». ACS Nano, 4(11), 6353-6368. doi:10.1021/nn101499dPark, C., Kim, H., Kim, S., & Kim, C. (2009). Enzyme Responsive Nanocontainers with Cyclodextrin Gatekeepers and Synergistic Effects in Release of Guests. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 131(46), 16614-16615. doi:10.1021/ja9061085Thornton, P. D., & Heise, A. (2010). Highly Specific Dual Enzyme-Mediated Payload Release from Peptide-Coated Silica Particles. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 132(6), 2024-2028. doi:10.1021/ja9094439Coll, C., Mondragón, L., Martínez-Máñez, R., Sancenón, F., Marcos, M. 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HALT Evaluation of SJ BIST Technology for Electronic Prognostics

Abstract-This At the end of the three-month HALT, selected FPGAs were subjected to die-and-pry and cross-section examination and comparison to the collected data. Analysis confirmed that SJ BIST did report the occurrence of faults on damaged pins, and SJ BIST did not report any false negatives. The HALT confirmed the efficacy, accuracy, and reliability of SJ BIST as both a prognostic and diagnostic tool for FPGAs in BGA type of packages

Minicharges and Magnetic Monopoles

Minicharged particles arise naturally in extensions of the Standard Model with a kinetic mixing term between the ordinary electromagnetic U(1) and an extra "hidden sector" U(1). In this note we study the compatibility of these particles with the existence of magnetic monopoles. We find that angular momentum quantization allows only certain combinations of ordinary and hidden monopole charge. Using the example where one of the U(1)s originates from a spontaneously broken SU(2), we demonstrate that exactly the allowed types of monopoles arise as 't Hooft-Polyakov monopoles.Comment: 9 pages, 1 figur