Evaluation of the effect of locally produced biological pesticide (AқKөbelek ™) on biodiversity and abundance of beneficial insects in four forage crops in the Almaty region of Kazakhstan

Using a non-replicated plot design, we experimentally assessed the effects of a locally produced biological pesticide on the abundance, species richness and Shannon diversity of beneficial insects in four forage crops (alfalfa, soybeans, corn, and triticale) in southeastern Kazakhstan. 2-way ANOV tests detected no effect of the biological pesticide treatment on the abundance (N) of either predators or pollinators. However, there were significant differences in pollinator and predator abundances among crops. Pairwise t-tests between the experiment and control plots for each crop detected no significant differences in predator or pollinator Shannon diversity index values (H). Paired t-tests revealed significant differences in diversity index values for both predator and pollinator functional groups among crops within each treatment (experiment, control). Corn and triticale plots had notably similar predator abundance (N), species richness (S) and Shannon diversity index (H) values. Corn, alfalfa and soy-triticale differed in pollinator Shannon H, N and S values, suggesting each contained a distinct pollinator assemblage. A trial rapid assessment for differences using a point-based system for indicator species showed only small difference among crops and between treatment and control plots. This method may be more applicable in situations sampling disturbance needs to be minimized and a rapid but less thorough assessment is required

Extinction times in the subcritical stochastic SIS logistic epidemic

Many real epidemics of an infectious disease are not straightforwardly super- or sub-critical, and the understanding of epidemic models that exhibit such complexity has been identified as a priority for theoretical work. We provide insights into the near-critical regime by considering the stochastic SIS logistic epidemic, a well-known birth-and-death chain used to model the spread of an epidemic within a population of a given size $N$. We study the behaviour of the process as the population size $N$ tends to infinity. Our results cover the entire subcritical regime, including the "barely subcritical" regime, where the recovery rate exceeds the infection rate by an amount that tends to 0 as $N \to \infty$ but more slowly than $N^{-1/2}$. We derive precise asymptotics for the distribution of the extinction time and the total number of cases throughout the subcritical regime, give a detailed description of the course of the epidemic, and compare to numerical results for a range of parameter values. We hypothesise that features of the course of the epidemic will be seen in a wide class of other epidemic models, and we use real data to provide some tentative and preliminary support for this theory.Comment: Revised; 34 pages; 6 figure

Determination of optimal technology for manufacturing dental surgical guides

© Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd. This article describes methods of manufacturing surgical guides - their creation in rapid prototyping installations and milling machine grinding. Implantation was carried out using the obtained guides and derating level of installed implants was defined. The work compares existing technologies of surgical guides production and defines a clear advantage of using laser stereolithography technology for product manufacture in quantities greater than one

ВЫЯВЛЕНИЕ НЕБЛАГОПРИЯТНЫХ ФАКТОРОВ, СПОСОБСТВУЮЩИХ РАЗВИТИЮ МИОПИИ У СТУДЕНТОВ МЕДИЦИНСКИХ КОЛЛЕДЖЕЙ

To define the risk factors of myopia development among the students the authors got acquainted with spreading of the pathology among the students and their parents. 313 students of Tuimaizy medical college (at the age of 16 to 22 ys) and their parents (n = 579) participated in the study. Attention was paid to the internal factors (heredity, family atmosphere, quality of life) and to the external factors (the life, intensity in studying) -the factors promoting development of myopia. Special psychomedico-pedagogical commission has been organized for better health protection of the organ of vision in teenagers in Tuimaizy medical college.С целью определения факторов риска развития миопии среди студентов была изучена распространенность данного заболевания у студентов и их родителей. Проведено исследование студентов Туймазинского медицинского колледжа в возрасте от 16 до 22 лет, всего 313 человек, и их кровных родителей - 579 человек. В процессе исследования были выявлены следующие факторы: внутренние (наследственно-семейная среда, качество жизни) и внешние (образ жизни, интенсивность учебного процесса), способствующие возникновению или дальнейшему развитию миопии. Для укрепления здоровья органа зрения подростков на базе Туймазинского медицинского колледжа организована психолого-медико-педагогическая комиссия. Ведется комплексная работа, в которой участвуют психолог, преподаватели колледжа, фельдшер, офтальмолог, что обеспечивает массовую профилактику близорукости среди студентов

ДИАГНОСТИКА ИШЕМИЧЕСКИХ ПОВРЕЖДЕНИЙ КИШЕЧНИКА ПРИ НЕКОТОРЫХ ОСТРЫХ ХИРУРГИЧЕСКИХ ЗАБОЛЕВАНИЯХ ОРГАНОВ БРЮШНОЙ ПОЛОСТИ

Introduction. Ischemic damages play an important role in etiology, pathogenesis of diseases of the abdominal cavity, they acquire special relevance under conditions of emergency surgery in terms of diagnosis and assessment of the extent of these violations, and choice of pathogenetically valid methods of correction and treatment. The aim of this study was to estimate the capacity of laboratory, endoscopic, some instrumental methods to diagnose ischemic bowel violations experimentally and in a clinical setting. Materials and methods. This paper presents an analysis of the reliability of the laboratory, instrumental methods to diagnose ischemic bowel damage in patients with acute strangulated intestinal obstruction (n=79), acute disorders of mesenteric blood circulation (n=124) experimentally in animals with the model of intra-abdominal hypertension syndrome (compression). Patients have been examined for defining the level of blood lactate, pH of the gastric mucosa, ultrasonic dopplerography of visceral branches of the abdominal aorta, the examination determined the level of intra-abdominal pressure, and at the same time the patients have undergone the review X-rays of the abdominal cavity organs, and the coagulogram indicators have been analysed. In order to study the role of intra-abdominal hypertension in the developing ischemic infringements of abdominal organs, as well as lactate as a marker of ischemia, the simulation of the abdominal compartment syndrome by a tense pneumoperitoneum under pressure of 20 mm Hg. within two hours was carried out on 5 pigs weighing 60-70 kg and 7 piglets weighing 8-10 kg. The research suggested an algorithm of diagnosis at pre- and postoperative periods. Results. The findings show that modern laboratory techniques (level of lactate), tools (endoscopic, ultrasound, radiopaque, laser flowmetry, etc.) allow with precision > 90% to diagnose ischemic bowel violations. Conclusions. To monitor the status of bowels, the anastomoses zones it is recommended to use the technique of programmed fibrolaparoscopy through the control abdominal cavity drainage.Введение. Ишемические повреждения играют важную роль в этиологии, патогенезе заболеваний органов брюшной полости. Особую актуальность они приобретают в условиях экстренной хирургии в плане диагностики и оценки степени этих нарушений, выбора патогенетически обоснованных методов коррекции и лечения. Целью настоящего исследования явилась оценка возможностей лабораторных, эндоскопических и некоторых инструментальных методов диагностики ишемических нарушений кишечника в эксперименте и клинике. Материалы и методы. В статье представлен анализ достоверности лабораторных, инструментальных методов диагностики ишемических повреждений кишечника у больных с острой странгуляционной кишечной непроходимостью (n=79), острыми нарушениями мезентериального кровообращения (n=124) и в эксперименте у животных с моделью синдрома интраабдоминальной гипертензии (компрессии). Пациентам проводились определение уровня лактата крови, рН слизистой оболочки желудка, ультразвуковая допплерография висцеральных ветвей брюшной аорты, определялся уровень внутрибрюшного давления, одновременно проводили обзорную рентгенографию органов брюшной полости, а также исследовали показатели коагулограммы. В целях изучения роли интраабдоминальной гипертензии в развитии ишемических нарушений органов брюшной полости, а также лактата как маркера ишемии проведено моделирование абдоминального компартмент-синдрома путем напряженного пневмоперитонеума под давлением 20 мм рт.ст. в течение двух часов на 5 свиньях массой 60-70 кг и на 7 поросятах массой 8-10 кг. Предложен алгоритм диагностики в до – и послеоперационном периодах. Результаты. Установлено, что современные лабораторные (уровень лактата) и инструментальные (эндоскопические, ультразвуковые, рентгеноконтрастные, лазерная флоуметрия и др.) методы позволяют с точностью >90% диагностировать ишемические нарушения кишечника. Заключение. Для контроля состояния кишечника и зоны анастомозов рекомендовано использовать методику программированной фибролапароскопии через контрольный дренаж брюшной полости

Острый аппендицит: клинико-лабораторные, лапароскопические, патоморфологические параллели

Introduction. Acute appendicitis takes the first place in incidence among acute surgical disorders of the abdominal cavity organs. While many issues of the diagnosis and treatment strategy of this disease have been studied in detail, the diagnosis of acute appendicitis remains primarily a matter of clinical presentation. National guidelines on acute appendicitis also recommend additional methods for a number of stipulated situations; these methods include the Alvarado score. The key goal of this study is to analyse the results of using the Alvarado score in the diagnosis of acute appendicitis and juxtaposing these results with the laparoscopic and pathomorphological data.Materials and methods. This non-randomised prospective study presents the analysis of examination and treatment of 4,941 patients with acute appendicitis from the two periods — from 2006 to 2010 and from 2011 to 2015 — which is before and after the Alvarado score was introduced into the examination protocol. The likelihood of acute appendicitis according to the Alvarado score is evaluated as follows. A score of one to four is interpreted as appendicitis is unlikely; a score of five or six — acute appendicitis is possible, further dynamic observation is required; a score of seven to ten indicates a most probable acute appendicitis.Results and discussion. The total sensitivity of the scoring system exceeded 90%; however, it did not result in a reduction of the number of diagnostic laparoscopies.Conclusion. The authors see as the upsides of the use of the Alvarado score the improvement of the diagnostic precision and the reduced incidence of catarrhal appendicitis (down to 0.1%) and gangrenous forms of appendicitis (from 14.6% to 8.9%) due to a shorter observation period. The authors explain the failure to achieve the result planned by the healthcare funding costs and the drive to obtain a more precise diagnosis.Введение. Острый аппендицит занимает 1-е место в структуре острых хирургических заболеваний органов брюшной полости. Многие вопросы диагностики и лечебной тактики при данном заболевании хорошо разработаны, но в то же время диагностика при остром аппендиците преимущественно и первично остается клинической. В принятых национальных клинических рекомендациях по острому аппендициту дополнительные методы также рекомендованы в перечисленных ситуациях, в них включена оценка по шкале Alvarado. Основной целью настоящего исследования является анализ результатов применения шкалы Alvarado в диагностике острого аппендицита и сопоставление их с данными лапароскопического и патоморфологического исследований.Материалы и методы. Дизайн исследования — нерандомизированное проспективное исследование. Проанализированы результаты обследования и лечения 4941 больного с острым аппендицитом за два периода — с 2006 по 2010 и 2011–2015 гг.: до и после введения в протоколе обследования балльной системы оценки по шкале Alvarado. Вероятность наличия острого аппендицита по шкале Alvarado оценивается следующим образом: при сумме баллов 1–4 — аппендицит маловероятен; при 5–6 — возможен, необходимо динамическое наблюдение; при 7–10 баллах — наиболее вероятен.Результаты и обсуждение. Общая чувствительность балльной оценки составила >90 %, хотя она не привела к сокращению числа диагностической лапароскопии.Заключение. Положительными сторонами шкалы Alvarado авторы считают повышение уточненной диагностики, снижение доли катарального аппендицита (до 0,1 %), гангренозных форм (с 14,6 до 8,9 %) за счет сокращения периода наблюдения. Недостижение запланированного результата объясняют издержками финансирования медицинских услуг, стремлением к уточненной диагностике

CRYOABLATION IN ATRIAL FIBRILLATION: RATIONALE OF THE NATIONAL PROSPECTIVE REGISTRY AND PRELIMINARY RESULTS

Aim. Current registry is the continued national study on cryoablation in atrial fibrillation (AF). The aim of the project is assessment of safety and efficacy of cryoballoon ablation of pulmonary veins from AF treatment in real clinical practice prospective observation.Material and methods. The project has been developed for prospective inclusion of the data to guarded automatic informational system, on clinical data of patients, ablation parameters, repeat ablation and results of 12-month follow-up. To participate in the project in January of 2017, the representatives of 33 in-patient facilities were invited, that routinely perform the procedure.Results. Twenty five institutions confirmed their participation, and by December of 2017, the database was completed by specialists from 13 clinics: information on the ablation procedure and outcomes is included for 451 patient. The enrollment is ongoing with estimated end by January 2019; prospective follow-up to be completed by January 2020.Conclusion. Prospective registry of AF cryoablation is important for gathering of experience and common analysis of the procedures throughout the country. Detailed analysis will make it to reveal predictors of efficacy and methods for procedural risk decrease

Limit processes for age-dependent branching particle systems

We consider systems of spatially distributed branching particles in R-d. The particle lifelengths are of general form, hence the time propagation of the system is typically not Markov. A natural time-spaes-mass scaling is applied to a sequence of particle</p

Use of hemosorption in the intensive care unit

In 33 patients we used hemosorption in the complex treatment. There were 20 men and 13 women, the average age of the patients was 46 years. A total of 61 sessions of hemosorption using activated carbon SKT-6A were carried out. When preparing the sorption columns for work the charcoal was thoroughly washed with 0.9% sodium chloride solution followed by autocoating the sorbent with the patient's blood proteins.</jats:p