キャンパス SNS Social Networking Service サトアイ ニオケル ガクセイ コウドウ ノ ブンセキ ト ガクセイ シエン ノ カノウセイ

現在，新しいコミュニケーションの形として様々なSNS(Social Networking Service)が生まれ，大 学においてもSNSの教育的活用が試行されている.我々はこうした動きに先駆け，新たな学生支援のツ ールとして2007年1月から徳島大学工学部を中心に「キャンパスSNS」 の運用を開始した.本研究で は，学生の視点に立った学生支援の在り方を探求するため本SNSのログデータから学生行動を分析した. その結果，学生は不特定多数の参加者との交流を好まず自分への関心に終始しがちな傾向が見られたが， 面識のない学生や世代の異なる参加者同士がコンテンツを通じて触れ合い現実の世界へと繋がった事例 もあった.これらをさらに発展させるため我々は学生を取り巻く教職員，卒業生，サポータと連携し， 多様な人材が出会うコミュニティの活動を支援した.このような大学版SNSの特徴を活かせば有効な学生支援が可能である.Recently，various Social Networking Services (SNSs) have been created as a new communication form.Educational utilization of SNS has also been attempted at universities. We started a Campus SNS as a new tool for supporting students begun by the Department of Engineering of the University of Tokushima in January 2007. For supporting university students by elucidating the students' perspective，this paper describes results of analyses of the students' online behavior by extracting log data on Campus SNS. Results indicated that the students do not like communications with strangers on this SNS. They are strongly interested in issues relating to themselves. However，in some cases，they developed new actions through contents in the real world and took opportunities to meet unacquainted users of different generations. We cooperated with staff, graduates，and supporters associated with the students. We supported their community activities for building new human relations at universities. The advantages of university SNSs underscore that they are effective as new tools for supportings students

The International Atomic Energy Agency International Doubly Labelled Water Database : Aims, Scope and Procedures

Funding Sources The database is generously supported by the IAEA and by the companies Taiyo Nippon Sanso, SERCON and ISOTEC. We are grateful to these companies for their support and especially to Takashi Oono for his tremendous efforts at fund raising on our be half. The authors also gratefully acknowledge funding from the US National Science Foundation (BCS-1824466) awarded to Herman Pontzer. The funders played no role in the content of this manuscript. Open access provided with a grant from the International Atomic Energy Agency. Author Contributions All authors contributed to the drafting and editing of the manuscript and to construction of the IAEA DLW database.Peer reviewedPublisher PD

Human total, basal and activity energy expenditures are independent of ambient environmental temperature

Acknowledgments The DLW database, which can be found at https://www.dlwdatabase.org, is hosted by the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) and generously supported by Taiyo Nippon Sanso and SERCON . We are grateful to the IAEA and these companies for their support. XYZ was supported by the Chinese Academy of Sciences (grant CAS 153E11KYSB20190045 to J.R.S.), and the database was also supported by the US National Science Foundation (grant BCS-1824466 to H.P.). The funders played no role in the content of this manuscript.Peer reviewedPublisher PD

Total energy expenditure is repeatable in adults but not associated with short-term changes in body composition

Low total energy expenditure (TEE, MJ/d) has been a hypothesized risk factor for weight gain, but repeatability of TEE, a critical variable in longitudinal studies of energy balance, is understudied. We examine repeated doubly labeled water (DLW) measurements of TEE in 348 adults and 47 children from the IAEA DLW Database (mean ± SD time interval: 1.9 ± 2.9 y) to assess repeatability of TEE, and to examine if TEE adjusted for age, sex, fat-free mass, and fat mass is associated with changes in weight or body composition. Here, we report that repeatability of TEE is high for adults, but not children. Bivariate Bayesian mixed models show no among or within-individual correlation between body composition (fat mass or percentage) and unadjusted TEE in adults. For adults aged 20-60 y (N = 267; time interval: 7.4 ± 12.2 weeks), increases in adjusted TEE are associated with weight gain but not with changes in body composition; results are similar for subjects with intervals >4 weeks (N = 53; 29.1 ± 12.8 weeks). This suggests low TEE is not a risk factor for, and high TEE is not protective against, weight or body fat gain over the time intervals tested

Variability in energy expenditure is much greater in males than females

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Variability in energy expenditure is much greater in males than females

In mammals, trait variation is often reported to be greater among males than females. However, to date, mainly only morphological traits have been studied. Energy expenditure represents the metabolic costs of multiple physical, physiological, and behavioral traits. Energy expenditure could exhibit particularly high greater male variation through a cumulative effect if those traits mostly exhibit greater male variation, or a lack of greater male variation if many of them do not. Sex differences in energy expenditure variation have been little explored. We analyzed a large database on energy expenditure in adult humans (1494 males and 3108 females) to investigate whether humans have evolved sex differences in the degree of interindividual variation in energy expenditure. We found that, even when statistically comparing males and females of the same age, height, and body composition, there is much more variation in total, activity, and basal energy expenditure among males. However, with aging, variation in total energy expenditure decreases, and because this happens more rapidly in males, the magnitude of greater male variation, though still large, is attenuated in older age groups. Considerably greater male variation in both total and activity energy expenditure could be explained by greater male variation in levels of daily activity. The considerably greater male variation in basal energy expenditure is remarkable and may be explained, at least in part, by greater male variation in the size of energy-demanding organs. If energy expenditure is a trait that is of indirect interest to females when choosing a sexual partner, this would suggest that energy expenditure is under sexual selection. However, we present a novel energetics model demonstrating that it is also possible that females have been under stabilizing selection pressure for an intermediate basal energy expenditure to maximize energy available for reproduction. (C) 2022 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.Peer reviewe

Energy compensation and adiposity in humans

Acknowledgments The DLW database, which can be found at https://doubly-labelled-water-database.iaea.org/home, is hosted by the IAEA and generously supported by Taiyo Nippon Sanso and SERCON. We are grateful to the IAEA and these companies for their support and especially to Takashi Oono for his tremendous efforts at fundraising on our behalf. The authors also gratefully acknowledge funding from the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS 153E11KYSB20190045) to J.R.S. and the US National Science Foundation (BCS-1824466) awarded to H.P. The funders played no role in the content of this manuscript. We are grateful for the data submission of David Ludwig and Cara Ebbeling, and for the analysis by Steve Heymsfield of his own data indicating no change in FFM hydration with age in adults.Peer reviewedPublisher PD

Variation in human water turnover associated with environmental and lifestyle factors

Water is essential for survival, but one in three individuals worldwide (2.2 billion people) lacks access to safe drinking water. Water intake requirements largely reflect water turnover (WT), the water used by the body each day. We investigated the determinants of human WT in 5604 people from the ages of 8 days to 96 years from 23 countries using isotope-tracking (2H) methods. Age, body size, and composition were significantly associated with WT, as were physical activity, athletic status, pregnancy, socioeconomic status, and environmental characteristics (latitude, altitude, air temperature, and humidity). People who lived in countries with a low human development index (HDI) had higher WT than people in high-HDI countries. On the basis of this extensive dataset, we provide equations to predict human WT in relation to anthropometric, economic, and environmental factors.acceptedVersio