Acquired CNS Demyelinating Syndrome in Children Referred to Shiraz Pediatric Neurology Ward

How to Cite This Article: Inaloo S, Haghbin S, Moradi M, Dashti H, Safari N. Acquired CNS Demyelinating Syndrome in Children Referred to Shiraz Pediatric Neurology Ward. Iran J Child Neurol. 2014 Spring; 8(2):18-23.ObjectiveIncidence of CNS acquired demyelinating syndrome (ADS), especially multiple sclerosis (MS) in children, appears to be on the rise worldwide. The objective of this study was to determine prevalence, clinical presentation, neuroimagingfeatures, and prognosis of different types of ADS in Iranian children.Materials & MethodsDuring the period 2002-2012, all the patients (aged 1-18 years) with ADS, such as MS, acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM), optic neurotic (ON), Devic disease, and transverse myelitis (TM), referred to the pediatric neurology ward, Nemazee Hospital, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, were includedin this study. Demographic data, clinical signs and symptoms, past and family history, preclinical findings, clinical course, and outcome were obtained.ResultsWe identified 88 patients with ADS in our center. The most prevalent disease was MS with 36.5% (n=32), followed by AEDM 26.1% (n=31), ON 17% (n=13), TM 15.9% (n=14), and Devic disease 4.5% (n=4). MS, ON, TM were morecommon among females while ADEM was more common in males. Children with ADEM were significantly younger than those with other types of ADS.Family history was positive in 10% of patients with MS.Previous history of recent infection was considerably seen in cases with ADEM.Clinical presentation and prognosis in this study was in accordance with those in previous studies on children.ConclusionIn this study, the most common type of ADS was MS, which was more common in female and older age cases. ADEM was more common in male and younger children. ADEM and ON had the best and Devic disease had the worst prognosis.References1. Longer-Gould A, Zhaug JL, Chung J, Yeung Y, Wanbant E, Yao J. Incidence of acquired CNS demyelinating syndrome in a multiethnic cohort of children. Neurology 2011;27(12):1143-8.2. Banwell B, Kennedy J, Sandovnick D, Arnold DL, Magalhaes S, Wambera K. Incidence of acquired demyelination of the CNS in Canadian children. Neurology 2009;72(3):232-9.3. Canellas AR, Gols AR, Izquierdo J.R, Subirana MT, Gairin XM. Idiopathic inflammatory demyelinating disease of central nervous system. Neuroradiology 2007;49(5):393-409.4. Renoux C, Vukusic S, Mikaeloff Y. Natural history of multiple sclerosis with childhood onset. N Engl Med 2007;356(25):2603-13.5. Krupp LB, Banwell B, Tenembaum S; International Pediatric MS Study Group. Consensus definition proposed for pediatric multiple sclerosis and related disorders. Neurology 2007;68(16 Suppl 2):S7-12.6. Ebers GC. Environmental factors and multiple sclerosis. Lancet Neurol 2008;77(3):268-77.7. Banwell B, Ghezzi A, Bar-OrA, Mikaeloff Y, Tordieu M. Multiple sclerosis in children, clinical diagnosis, therapeutic strategies and future directions. Lancet Neurol 2007;6(10):887-902.8. Absound M, Lim MJ, Chorg Wk, Goede CGs Foster K, Counny R. Pediatric acquired demyelinating syndromes: incidence, clinical and magnetic resonance imaging features. Mult Scler 2012;19(1):76-86.9. Banwell B, Krupp L, Kennedy J. Clinical features and viral serology in children with multiple sclerosis: a multinational observation study. Lancet Neurology 2007;6(9):773-81.10. Jin Y, Depedro-Cusesta J, Söderströ, M. Stawiarz L, Link H. Seasonal pattern in optic neuritis and multiple sclerosis. A meta-analysis. J Neurol Sci 2000;1(181):56-64.11. Ghobai M, Omrani H, Rosta ئzadeh M. Epidemiology of multiple sclerosis. Tehran Univ Med J 2008;65:74-7.12. Etemadifar M, Hosseini A, Khodabanehlou R, Maghzi AH. Childhood-onset multiple sclerosis: report of 82 patients from Esfahan, Iran. Arch Iranian Med 2007;10(2):152-6.13. Ruggior M, Polizzi A, Pervon L, Grimoldi LM. Multiple sclerosis in children under 6 years of age. Neurology 1999;53(3):478-4.14. Handefield FA. Characteristic of childhood multiple sclerosis. Int MS J 1995;3:91-8.15. Selcen D, Anlar B, Renda Y. Multiple sclerosis in children. Report of 16 cases. Eur Neurol 1996;36(2):79-84.16. Inaloo S, Yavari MJ, Sabori S. Multiple sclerosis in children: A review of clinical and paraclinical features in 26 cases. Iran J Child Neruol 2008;2(4):41-6.17. Hynson JL, Kornberg AJ, Coleman LT, Shield L, Harvey AS, Kean MJ. Clinical and Neuroradiologic feature of acute disseminated encephalomyelitis in children. Neurology 2001;56(13):8-12.18. Murthy KSN, Faden HS, Cohen ME, Bakshi R. Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis in children. Pediatric 2002;110(2):1-8.19. Collard RC, Koehler RP, Mattson DH. Frequency and significance of antinuclear antibodies in multiple sclerosis. Neurology 1997;49(3):857-61.20. Barned S, Goodman AD, Mattson AD. Frequency of antinuclear antibodies in multiple sclerosis. Neurology 1995;45(2):384-5.21. Sri-Udomkajorn S, Pongwatcharaporn K. Clinical feature and outcome of childhood optic neuritis at Queen Sirikit National Institute of Child Health. J Med Assoc Thai 2011;94(Suppl 3):S189-94.22. Absoud M, Cummins C, Desai N, Gika A, McSweeney N, Munot P, et al. Childhood optic neuritis clinical features and outcome. Arch Dis Child 2011;96(9):860-2.23. Thomas T, Branson HM, Verhey LH, Shroff M, Stephens D, Magallhaes S, et al. The demographic, clinical, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features of transverse myelitis in children. J Child Neurol 2012;27(1):11-2

Evaluation of the Role of p53 Tumour Suppressor Posttranslational Modifications and TTC5 Cofactor in Lung Cancer

From MDPI via Jisc Publications RouterHistory: accepted 2021-12-02, pub-electronic 2021-12-07Publication status: PublishedFunder: This research was funded by the Rosemere Cancer Foundation, Hasen Alhebshi was funded by the Libyan government.; Grant(s): No grant number available.Mutations in the p53 tumor suppressor are found in over 50% of cancers. p53 function is controlled through posttranslational modifications and cofactor interactions. In this study, we investigated the posttranslationally modified p53, including p53 acetylated at lysine 382 (K382), p53 phosphorylated at serine 46 (S46), and the p53 cofactor TTC5/STRAP (Tetratricopeptide repeat domain 5/ Stress-responsive activator of p300-TTC5) proteins in lung cancer. Immunohistochemical (IHC) analysis of lung cancer tissues from 250 patients was carried out and the results were correlated with clinicopathological features. Significant associations between total or modified p53 with a higher grade of the tumour and shorter overall survival (OS) probability were detected, suggesting that mutant and/or modified p53 acts as an oncoprotein in these patients. Acetylated at K382 p53 was predominantly nuclear in some samples and cytoplasmic in others. The localization of the K382 acetylated p53 was significantly associated with the gender and grade of the disease. The TTC5 protein levels were significantly associated with the grade, tumor size, and node involvement in a complex manner. SIRT1 expression was evaluated in 50 lung cancer patients and significant positive correlation was found with p53 S46 intensity, whereas negative TTC5 staining was associated with SIRT1 expression. Furthermore, p53 protein levels showed positive association with poor OS, whereas TTC5 protein levels showed positive association with better OS outcome. Overall, our results indicate that an analysis of p53 modified versions together with TTC5 expression, upon testing on a larger sample size of patients, could serve as useful prognostic factors or drug targets for lung cancer treatment

SPARC 2019 Fake news & home truths : Salford postgraduate annual research conference book of abstracts

Welcome to the Book of Abstracts for the 2019 SPARC conference. This year we not only celebrate the work of our PGRs but also our first ever Doctoral School Best Supervisor awards, which makes this year’s conference extra special. Once again we have received a tremendous contribution from our postgraduate research community; with over 90 presenters, the conference truly showcases a vibrant, innovative and collaborative PGR community at Salford. These abstracts provide a taster of the inspiring, relevant and impactful research in progress, and provide delegates with a reference point for networking and initiating critical debate. Find an abstract that interests you, and say “Hello” to the author. Who knows what might result from your conversation? With such wide-ranging topics being showcased, we encourage you to take up this great opportunity to engage with researchers working in different subject areas from your own. To meet global challenges, high impact research needs interdisciplinary collaboration. This is recognised and rewarded by all major research funders. Engaging with the work of others and forging collaborations across subject areas is an essential skill for the next generation of researchers. Even better, our free ice cream van means that you can have those conversations while enjoying a refreshing ice lolly

Effect of Peak Tracking Methods on FBG Calibration Derived by Factorial Design of Experiment

We present a calibration procedure for a humidity sensor made of a fiber Bragg grating covered by a polyimide layer. FBGs being intrinsically sensitive to temperature and strain, the calibration should tackle three variables, and, therefore, consists of a three-variable, two-level factorial design tailored to assess the three main sensitivities, as well as the five cross-sensitivities. FBG sensing information is encoded in the reflection spectrum from which the Bragg wavelength should be extracted. We tested six classical peak tracking methods on the results of the factorial design of the experiment applied to a homemade FBG humidity sensor. We used Python programming to compute, from the raw spectral data with six typical peak search algorithms, the temperature, strain and humidity sensitivities, as well as the cross-sensitivities, and showed that results are consistent for all algorithms, provided that the points selected to make the computation are correctly chosen. The best results for this particular sensor are obtained with a 3 dB threshold, whatever the peak search method used, and allow to compute the effective humidity sensitivity taking into account the combined effect of temperature and strain. The calibration procedure presented here is nevertheless generic and can thus be adapted to other sensors

Genetic Polymorphisms of CYP2C19 and Resistance to Clopidogrel Therapy among Iranian Patients Suffering from Ischemic Heart Disease

Background: Clopidogrel is a standout amongst the most ordinarily recommended medications to avoid ischemic occasions taking after coronary disorder or stant position. However, impaired responses the therapy as well as resistance to the therapy have also been reported. Genetic variants play an important role in clopidogrel biotransformation of its active metabolite that may subsequently influence the antiplatelet effect of clopidogrel. The objective of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of the cytochrome P450 (CYP450) 2C19 enzyme (CYP2C19) genotypes which are involved in the activation of clopidogrel in a random Iranian population of various ethnic groups (Persian, Azari, Kurd, etc.). Molecular analysis of CYP2C19 polymorphisms may be helpful in the determination of optimal antiplatelet therapy. Materials and Methods: CYP2C19 (*1/*2/*3) variants were assessed by Polymerase Chain Reaction-Restriction Length Polymorphism (PCR–RFLP) assays in a representative sample of 154 Iranian patients with ischemic heart disease. Results: The frequencies of CYP2C19 *1 (normal genotype), *2 (heterozygote) and *3 (homozygote) were 112 (72.7%), 36 (23.4%) and 6 (3.9%), respectively. Conclusion: The United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) recommendations are more useful to be practiced in our country compared with other countries. Physicians should identify poor metabolizers for consideration of other antiplatelet medications or alternative dosing strategies

Properties of Fiber Bragg Grating in CYTOP Fiber Response to Temperature, Humidity, and Strain Using Factorial Design

The characteristics of fiber Bragg grating (FBG) in cyclic transparent fluoropolymer (CYTOP) optical fiber have attracted more and more attention in recent years. However, different results of the FBG response to environmental parameters are reported. This work presents a three-variable two-level factorial experimental method to investigate the FBG response to temperature, humidity, and strain in CYTOP fiber. Two uniform FBGs are inscribed separately in CYTOP fiber with and without over-clad. With only eight measuring points, the interactions among three variable parameters are computed and the parameter sensitivities and cross-sensitivities are estimated. Similar temperature and strain sensitivities were found for both gratings, whereas significant cross-sensitivity between humidity and temperature was present only in FBG inscribed in CYTOP fiber with over-clad

Flexible Liquid-Filled Scintillating Fibers for X-Ray Detection

We present the design and fabrication of flexible, liquid-filled scintillating fibers for X-ray detection made from silica fibers and silica capillaries. The scintillating fibers were characterized using ultraviolet light exposure and we also performed an experiment demonstrating X-ray detection.This project has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Program under Grant Agreement No. 899634.</p

Evaluation of the role of p53 tumor suppressor post-translational modifications and TTC5 cofactor in lung cancer

Mutations in the p53 tumor suppressor are found in over 50% of cancers. p53 function is controlled through posttranslational modifications and cofactor interactions. In this study, we investigated the posttranslationally modified p53, including p53 acetylated at lysine 382 (K382), p53 phosphorylated at serine 46 (S46), and the p53 cofactor TTC5/STRAP (Tetratricopeptide repeat domain 5/ Stress-responsive activator of p300-TTC5) proteins in lung cancer. Immunohistochemical (IHC) analysis of lung cancer tissues from 250 patients was carried out and the results were correlated with clinicopathological features. Significant associations between total or modified p53 with a higher grade of the tumour and shorter overall survival (OS) probability were detected, suggesting that mutant and/or modified p53 acts as an oncoprotein in these patients. Acetylated at K382 p53 was predominantly nuclear in some samples and cytoplasmic in others. The localization of the K382 acetylated p53 was significantly associated with the gender and grade of the disease. The TTC5 protein levels were significantly associated with the grade, tumor size, and node involvement in a complex manner. SIRT1 expression was evaluated in 50 lung cancer patients and significant positive correlation was found with p53 S46 intensity, whereas negative TTC5 staining was associated with SIRT1 expression. Furthermore, p53 protein levels showed positive association with poor OS, whereas TTC5 protein levels showed positive association with better OS outcome. Overall, our results indicate that an analysis of p53 modified versions together with TTC5 expression, upon testing on a larger sample size of patients, could serve as useful prognostic factors or drug targets for lung cancer treatment