Presentation of a Rainfall–Runoff Retention Model (3RM) Based on Antecedent Effective Retention for Estimating Runoff in Seven Basins in Iran

This study aims to correct and assess the SCS-CN model. In this research, the 3RM model (written by Shamohammadi) has been modified in such a way that the maximum primary retention (I), maximum secondary retention (Fmax), and basin potential retention (Smax) can be calculated using precipitation (Pa). The purpose of this study is to evaluate the total retention model (St=f(Fmax,Smax,pa)) and the runoff model (Q=f(St,pa)) using the mountain basins of Iran, including Emameh, Kasilian, Navrood, Darjazin, Kardeh, Khanmirza, and Mashin. The results showed that the primary retention, maximum secondary retention, and retention capacity are, respectively, 2.3, 30.4, and 32.7 mm in Imamah, 2.5, 48.6, and 51.1 mm in Kasilian, 2.4, 26.7, and 29.1 mm in Navrood, 3.2, 21.5, and 24.7 mm in Darjazin, 1.7, 15.0, and 16.7 mm in Kardeh, 2.5, 33.2, and 38.1 mm in Khanmirza, and 4.9, 44.5, and 50.6 mm in Mashine. Additionally, the λ (ratio of primary retention to potential retention) values for all basins are less than 0.2 (suggested by SCS) and vary between 0.05 in Kasilian and 0.1 in the Darjazin, Kardeh, and Mashine basins. The results of fitting the model to the rainfall-runoff data showed that the evaluation indices, including the coefficient of determination (R2), Nash–Sutcliffe (NS), and root mean square error (RMSE), for predicting the runoff in the basins varied between 0.78 to 0.96, 0.78 to 0.961, and 0.86 to 2.28, respectively. According to the obtained results, it can be concluded that the model has an acceptable ability to predict runoff for all the studied basins

Remarkable hole transport properties of Spiro[fluorene-9,9′-xanthene] derivatives containing natural amino acid substituents for perovskite photovoltaics

Hole transporting material (HTM) highly affect efficiency and stability of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Therefore, suitable HTMs should be designed to effectively extract and transfer holes in PSC devices. Herein, several HTMs were engineered composed of Spiro[fluorene-9,9′-xanthene] (SFX) core functionalized with natural twenty-one amino acids at the ortho, meta, and para positions of two SFX phenyl rings. Density functional theory (DFT) computations and Marcus hopping theory were performed to investigate various properties of these HTM derivatives. Highest occupied molecular orbitals (HOMOs) of all HTM samples, except for SFX-Asparagine, SFX-Glutamic acid, SFX-Glutamine, and SFX-Valine, were located between valence band of formamidinium lead iodide (FAPbI3) perovskite and energy level of Ag cathode, which suggested these HTMs had efficient hole extraction and transport capabilities. Absorption spectra revealed that only SFX-Selenocysteine absorption occurred in visible region (λabsmax = 800 nm), while absorption peaks all other molecules took place in ultraviolet (UV) area, similar to Spiro-OMeTAD. This was advantageous as it ensured that the HTMs had not any competition with perovskite material for sunlight absorption. Hole reorganization energies of all SFX-based materials, except for SFX-Serine and SFX-Histidine, were smaller than electron reorganization energies. Furthermore, hole mobility (μh) values of all HTMs were larger than (as big as 1000 times and higher) both of calculated (μh = 5.65 × 10−3 cm2V−1s−1) and experimental (μh = 4.53 × 10−4 cm2V−1s−1) values for Spiro-OMeTAD. This extraordinary result proved that all of the SFX-based molecules developed here had a high potential as alternative and more affordable HTMs to Spiro-OMeTAD

Effect of tele-medicine on health anxiety and pregnancy-related anxiety in pregnant women during the COVID-19 epidemic in Iran

Background: The global spread of the new coronavirus has increased the necessity of innovations to increase the quality of health care. This study was intended to examine the impact of tele-medicine on health anxiety and pregnancy-related anxiety in pregnant women during the COVID-19 epidemic in Iran. Materials and Methods: This quasi-experimental study was performed between March and May 2020. Sampling was done using multi-stage random sampling method. A total of 104 pregnant women were in two groups (intervention: n = 52, control: n = 52). Data were collected using a demographic and obstetric information questionnaire, the Health Anxiety Questionnaire, and Van den Bergh's Pregnancy-Related Anxiety Questionnaire. The intervention group received counseling services for 2 months by researchers through telephone conversations, text messages, and applications such as WhatsApp, Telegram, and Instagram. In addition to routine pregnancy care, they could contact the researchers by phone and receive the necessary advice in case of any questions, ambiguities, or problems. The control group included pregnant women who received only routine pregnancy care. Results: After the intervention, health anxiety scores of pregnant women in the control group were significantly higher than those of the experimental group (t98 = 13.54, p < 0.001). Also, the mean (SD) scores of pregnancy-related anxiety in the control group were significantly higher compared with the intervention group (t98 = 3.80, p < 0.001). Conclusions: Using tele-medicine, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic can reduce unnecessary referrals of pregnant women to medical centers and their risk of developing the disease, on the one hand, and by reducing women's anxiety, however, it can improve psychological consequences

The Efficacy of Maternal Lateral Decubitus Position During Labor in Correcting Fetal Occiput Posterior Position and Childbirth Outcomes: A Systematic Review

Background & aim: Fetal occiput posterior (OP) position during labor may be associated with negative maternal and neonatal outcomes. It is therefore necessary for the mothers to have active participation in changing their position during the labor in order to facilitate OP rotation. The present study aimed to investigate whether maternal lateral decubitus position during labor can correct fetal OP position and childbirth outcomes.Methods: In this systematic review, searches were made in the databases of Medline, Web of Science, Embase, Scopus, and Cochrane Central Controlled Trials Register as well as Persian databases including SID, Magiran and IranMedex from inception to September 2021. Eligible randomized controlled trials evaluating the effect of maternal position on fetal OP position during labor were selected. Cochrane risk of bias tool for randomized trials was used to assess the quality of included articles.Results: Four randomized controlled trials (RCTs) met the eligibility criteria. They included 871 participants, who were divided into two groups. overall, no difference was reported between the intervention and control groups in terms of the rate of occiput anterior position at birth. The mother's position in the same or opposite direction of the fetal occiput had no role in the spontaneous vaginal delivery rate and other outcomes and neonatal Apgar score.                           Conclusion: The lateral decubitus position of mother during labor played no role in fetal head rotation toward the OP position or delivery outcomes

Fe3O4@MoS2/rGO Nanocomposite/Ionic Liquid Modified Carbon Paste Electrode for Electrochemical Sensing of Dasatinib in the Presence of Doxorubicin

Cancer treatment by chemotherapy exploits one or more anticancer drugs to kill cancer cells. Because of the various side effects of chemotherapy drugs, sensitive determination of these drugs is one of the greatest challenges of adjuvant therapy. This study introduced the preparation of a selective and sensitive electrochemical sensor based on a carbon paste electrode (CPE) modified with Fe3O4@MoS2/reduced graphene oxide nanocomposite and ionic liquid (IL) (Fe3O4@MoS2/rGO/ILCPE) to determine dasatinib in the presence of doxorubicin. Results showed very good electrocatalytic activities of Fe3O4@MoS2/rGO/ILCPE toward the oxidation of dasatinib in phosphate buffer solution (PBS) (pH 7.0). The differential pulse voltammetry (DPV), chronoamperometry, and cyclic voltammetry (CV) were employed for studying the electrochemical behaviors of dasatinib on the modified electrode. Based on the optimal condition, we observed a linear increase of the voltammetric current by enhancing the dasatinib concentration in ranges between 0.02 μM and 390.0 μM. The detection limit for the dasatinib was equal to 6.0 nM, based on 3Sb/m. Moreover, the modified CPE was used for the detection of dasatinib in the presence of doxorubicin. The corresponding electrochemical signals emerged as two well-resolved oxidation peaks with the considerable peak potential differences of 0.38 V. Finally, dasatinib and doxorubicin detection in the real samples were estimated by examining the functionality of our new sensor that showed acceptable recovery

Effect of Genetically Modified Rice on Some Intestinal Microbial Flora in Rats

Background and purpose: Transgenic rice is a type of rice that its genetic sequence has been changed to improve its quantity and quality. Bt (Bacillus thuringiensis) transgenic rice expresses Cry1Ab protein and is named Tarom Molaii. There are no studies on the effect of this type of transgenic rice on gastrointestinal health in Iran, so, this study investigated the effect of Tarom Molaii transgenic rice on common microbial flora of rat intestine. Materials and methods: In this experimental study, 24 Sprague Dawley (SD) rats received transgenic and non-transgenic rice in their diets for 90 days and were compared with the control group that received standard rat diet. The number of Escherichia coli, Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus, and Enterococcus bacteria and the total number of aerobic and anaerobic bacteria in fecal samples were examined in jejunum, ileum, and duodenum samples on days 60, 90, and after killing the rats. Results: The study showed that except for the total number of anaerobic bacteria in the stool sample on day 90, there was no significant relationship between the study groups and the number of bacteria (P>0.05). There was an increase in the number of intestinal Lactobacillus in the transgenic rice-fed group and a decrease in the number of anaerobic bacteria in the transgenic rice-fed group compared with the control group and the non-transgenic rice-fed group. Conclusion: Consumption of transgenic rice in current study had no considerable effect on the number of common bacteria in the intestinal normal flora. But, long-term studies are needed in other laboratory animals