Theories in Spin Dynamics of Solid-State Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy

This short review article presents theories used in solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Main theories used in NMR include the average Hamiltonian theory, the Floquet theory and the developing theories are the Fer expansion or the Floquet-Magnus expansion. These approaches provide solutions to the time-dependent Schrodinger equation which is a central problem in quantum physics in general and solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance in particular. Methods of these expansion schemes used as numerical integrators for solving the time dependent Schrodinger equation are presented. The action of their propagator operators is also presented. We highlight potential future theoretical and numerical directions such as the time propagation calculated by Chebychev expansion of the time evolution operators and an interesting transformation called the Cayley method

Perturbative forward solver software for small localized fluorophores in tissue

In this paper a forward solver software for the time domain and the CW domain based on the Born approximation for simulating the effect of small localized fluorophores embedded in a non-fluorescent biological tissue is proposed. The fluorescence emission is treated with a mathematical model that describes the migration of photons from the source to the fluorophore and of emitted fluorescent photons from the fluorophore to the detector for all those geometries for which Green’s functions are available. Subroutines written in FORTRAN that can be used for calculating the fluorescent signal for the infinite medium and for the slab are provided with a linked file. With these subroutines, quantities such as reflectance, transmittance, and fluence rate can be calculated

Mechanisms for Tuning Engineered Nanomaterials to Enhance Radiation Therapy of Cancer.

Engineered nanomaterials that produce reactive oxygen species on exposure to X- and gamma-rays used in radiation therapy offer promise of novel cancer treatment strategies. Similar to photodynamic therapy but suitable for large and deep tumors, this new approach where nanomaterials acting as sensitizing agents are combined with clinical radiation can be effective at well-tolerated low radiation doses. Suitably engineered nanomaterials can enhance cancer radiotherapy by increasing the tumor selectivity and decreasing side effects. Additionally, the nanomaterial platform offers therapeutically valuable functionalities, including molecular targeting, drug/gene delivery, and adaptive responses to trigger drug release. The potential of such nanomaterials to be combined with radiotherapy is widely recognized. In order for further breakthroughs to be made, and to facilitate clinical translation, the applicable principles and fundamentals should be articulated. This review focuses on mechanisms underpinning rational nanomaterial design to enhance radiation therapy, the understanding of which will enable novel ways to optimize its therapeutic efficacy. A roadmap for designing nanomaterials with optimized anticancer performance is also shown and the potential clinical significance and future translation are discussed

Youth in the margin in Morocco: a qualitative approach to the perception of subjectivity and agency politics

This paper seeks to investigate the potentials of youth agency in the margin of society and understand the prospects for social action or “Hirak” as an ongoing sweeping protest wave of a marginalized population. Based on a national qualitative study about youth and marginality in Morocco, this paper will focus on three moments. First, it will examine youth perception, their representation of their subjectivities, and how the realities and experiences of exclusion and “Hogra” manifested in inequalities, injustice, and systematic violence have shaped their beliefs and desire to act. The second moment brings to the fore their apprehension of the hegemonic powers of state institutions and social actors to determine their motivations and initiatives to articulate their actions locally and nationally under conditions of domination. The third moment will shed light on the dynamics of youth agency and the nature of their actions, be it individual or collective, subjective or rational. Similarly, it will also consider the structural limitations impinging on the social, political, cultural life, and gender relations. This paper examines the relationship between youth agency in the margin and the emergence of a new quest for social action “Hirak” in different regions of Morocco and how this might pave the way towards renegotiating the existing social contract between society and state

Potential relativistic dispersion in material medium

Lorentz space-time transformation has been applied to the phase factor of a plane electromagnetic wave in linear material medium. The derivation shows in the limiting case for v = c, the phase velocity converges to its monochromatic value implying no such dispersion effect can exist in free space. However in linear material medium, wave speed may exceed the monochromatic phase velocity by a factor purely due to the relativistic consideration of the phase factor invariant under Lorentz transformation. The equation suggests such speed dispersion factor will be higher in the denser medium to its monochromatic material phase velocity. A critical cut-off number for the refractive index may exist to excite such mode in the material. The results can be interesting particularly for materials with high refractive index as well as for anisotropic space-time metric formulations in Transformation Optics. Keywords: Lorentz transformation, Phase factor, Refractive index, Dispersion facto

The Effectiveness of Gratitude Education Based on Quran and Its Schedule on Happiness, Life Satisfaction, and Hope among Students

The present research aimed to investigate the effectiveness of gratitude education based on Quran and its schedule on happiness, life satisfaction, and hope among students and it was conducted with a quasi-experimental method and pretest-posttest design with a control group and a follow-up phase. 75 second grade high school girl students were selected in the city of Shahrekord by the convenience sampling and they were randomly placed in two test groups and one control group. The research tool included the questionnaires of Schneider''s hopefulness, Diner''s life satisfaction, and Oxford happiness inventory. The intervention groups were received weekly or daily gratitude education. The analysis of combined variance shows that a) the gratitude education had a significant effect on hope and happiness in posttest and follow-up phases; b) there was not a significant difference among the groups in terms of life satisfaction; c) the daily gratitude exercise (unlike weekly exercise) considerably increased the level of happiness in group

A study of PbS nanoparticle synthesis via sulfur powder

PbS nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesized by the hot-injection solution-phase method using sulfur powder as precursor. Pb-precursor (446 mg PbO) was dissolved with 1.5 ml oleic acid in 15 ml 1-octadecene (ODE) solvent inside a four-neck flask under N2 atmosphere and nucleated at 120 °C for half an hour. S-precursor (S powder), dissolved in a mixture of 3 ml ODE and 1 ml Oleylamine, was then injected swiftly by a syringe into the flask with well-dissolved Pb-precursor. The growth time varied from 10 minutes to a few hours and growth temperature was maintained at from 90 to 120 °C after injection, which would result in nanoparticles of different sizes from 5 to 10 nm. The synthesized PbS NPs were characterized by TEM, XRD, and UV-Vis-NIR spectrometer. The morphology as well as absorption spectra were found to be highly sensitive to the synthesis conditions. The XRD spectra showed that the structures were less sensitive to synthesis conditions