Efek Ekstrak Teh Hijau Terhadap Kadar Malondialdehid Nitrit Oksida Dan Glutation Peroksidase Darah Tikus Putih Terpapar Plumbum

Plumbum bersifat toksik terhadap manusia. Teh hijau digunakan untuk mengobati penyakit karena mengandung catechin. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui efek catechin ekstrak teh hijau sebagai kelator Pb. Sebanyak 36 ekor tikus Wistar digunakan dalam penelitian ini. Tikus dibagi 6 kelompok, 6 ekor per kelompok. Kelompok I sebagai kontrol negatif. Kelompok II sampai VI diberi Pb asetat selama penelitian (66hari). Kelompok II sebagai kontrol positif tidak diberi perlakuan. Kelompok III, IV, dan V pada hari ke 35 diberi ekstrak teh hijau masing- masing 0,75 g/kgbb, 1,5 g/kgbb dan 3 g/kgbb. Kelompok VI diberi dimerkaprol dosis 3 g/kgbb sebagai pembanding. Ada tidaknya beda nyata antar perlakuan dianalisis dengan ANOVA diikuti dengan uji Duncan untuk mengetahui letak perbedaan. Parameter yang diukur adalah malondialdehid, aktivitas glutation peroksidase dan nitrit oksida, diukur dengan komersial kit. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan semua dosis ekstrak teh hijau dapat menurunkan MDA, Pb darah dan meningkatkan GPx serum serta NO. Dosis 3 g/kgbb optimum dalam menurunkan kadar MDA dari 2,75–0,07 µmol/L dan Pb darah dari 2,35–0,02 ppm. GPx serum meningkat dari 58,5–177 µmol/L dan NO serum dari 1,27,95 µmol/L. Simpulan hasil penelitian, ekstrak teh hijau dapat digunakan sebagai kelator Pb

Correlation of E23K gena KCNJ11 polymorphism as a Risk Factor for Obesity with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus In Jayapura, Papua

Background: Pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is influenced by the complex interaction of several genes that regulate energy metabolism in the body. Several polymorphisms that occur in many gene encode components of glucose metabolism regulation are significantly implicated in the onset of T2DM.Methods: This case-control study. Case group with 58 subjects of T2DM patients with obesity and a control group with 58 subjects of non-DM obese patients from ethnic Papuans in Jayapura city, Indonesia.Results: The results of the genotype frequency distribution (AA, GA, GG) and allele (A and G) showed statistically no significant differences. The relationship of anthropometry and blood chemical parameters with genotype (AA-GA-GG) gene potassium inwardly rectifying channel sub family J member 11 (KCNJ11) showed no statistically significant difference (p>0.05). The relationship of anthropometry and blood chemical parameters of genotype (AA-GA) gene KCNJ11 indicated that diastolic blood pressure variables, glucose, triglyceride, high density lipoprotein (HDL), insulin levels, homeostatic model assessment (HOMA) β, and insulin resistance (IR) had statistically significant differences.Conclusions: There is no difference in frequency between genotypes and alleles of the gene KCNJ11 in the T2DM and non-DM group with obesity. There is a link between genotypes of the gene KCNJ11 and T2DM occurrence. As for the combined analysis between blood chemical parameters and genotypes of gene KCNJ11, there is a relationship between genotypes of the gene KCNJ11 and the incidence of T2DM in LDL variables, where the coefficient interval value increases in patients with T2DM

What information and the extent of information research participants need in informed consent forms: a multi-country survey

Background: The use of lengthy, detailed, and complex informed consent forms (ICFs) is of paramount concern in biomedical research as it may not truly promote the rights and interests of research participants. The extent of information in ICFs has been the subject of debates for decades; however, no clear guidance is given. Thus, the objective of this study was to determine the perspectives of research participants about the type and extent of information they need when they are invited to participate in biomedical research. Methods: This multi-center, cross-sectional, descriptive survey was conducted at 54 study sites in seven Asia-Pacific countries. A modified Likert-scale questionnaire was used to determine the importance of each element in the ICF among research participants of a biomedical study, with an anchored rating scale from 1 (not important) to 5 (very important). Results: Of the 2484 questionnaires distributed, 2113 (85.1%) were returned. The majority of respondents considered most elements required in the ICF to be \u27moderately important\u27 to \u27very important\u27 for their decision making (mean score, ranging from 3.58 to 4.47). Major foreseeable risk, direct benefit, and common adverse effects of the intervention were considered to be of most concerned elements in the ICF (mean score = 4.47, 4.47, and 4.45, respectively). Conclusions: Research participants would like to be informed of the ICF elements required by ethical guidelines and regulations; however, the importance of each element varied, e.g., risk and benefit associated with research participants were considered to be more important than the general nature or technical details of research. Using a participant-oriented approach by providing more details of the participant-interested elements while avoiding unnecessarily lengthy details of other less important elements would enhance the quality of the ICF

Patient-factors associated with metformin steady-state levels in type 2 diabetes mellitus with therapeutic dosage

Aims: This prospective study aimed to analyze metformin steady-state concentration in repeated constant dosage and the influencing patient-factors as well as to correlate them with glycemic control. Methods: The validated HPLC-UV method was used to examine metformin steady-state concentration, while FBG and glycated albumin were used as the parameters of glycemic control during metformin administration. Results: A total of 82 type-2 diabetes patients were involved with 32.1% of them having metformin Cssmin and 84.1% having Cssmax of metformin within the recommended therapeutic range. One patient had metformin Css that exceeded minimum toxic concentration despite his normal renal function and administered therapeutic dosage of metformin. Higher Cssmax was found in patients with metformin monotherapy, while patients with longer duration of metformin use had significantly higher Cssmin. Conclusions: Along with initial hyperglycemia and eGFR, metformin Cssmin became the only parameter that influenced FBG level (P < 0.05). Duration of previous metformin use should be considered in the strategy of optimizing metformin dosage. The type-2 diabetes patients with obesity are more suggested to take shorter interval of metformin administration (or possibly with sustained-release formulation) to keep Cssmin within the therapeutic range

RET and EDNRB mutation screening in patients with Hirschsprung disease: Functional studies and its implications for genetic counseling

Hirschsprung disease (HSCR) is a major cause of chronic constipation in children. HSCR can be caused by germline mutations in RET and EDNRB. Defining causality of the mutations identified is difficult and almost exclusively based on in silico predictions. Therefore, the reported frequency of pathogenic mutations might be overestimated. We combined mutation analysis with functional assays to determine the frequencies of proven pathogenic RET and EDNRB mutations in HSCR. We sequenced RET and EDNRB in 57 HSCR patients. The identified RET-coding variants were introduced into RET constructs and these were transfected into HEK293 cells to determine RET phosphorylation and activation via ERK. An exon trap experiment was performed to check a possible splice-site mutation. We identified eight rare RET-coding variants, one possible splice-site variant, but no rare EDNRB variants. Western blotting showed that three coding variants p.(Pr270Leu), p.(Ala756Val) an