Study of Oxydimeton methyl residues in cucumber & tomato grown in some of greenhouses of Chaharmahal va Bachtiari province by HPLC method

زمینه و هدف: استفاده بیش از حد از آفت کش ها در تولید محصولات کشاورزی به عنوان یک عامل خطر برای سلامتی انسان و آلودگی محیط زیست مطرح می باشد. این پژوهش با هدف بررسی میزان باقیمانده سم اکسی دیمتون متیل در خیار و گوجه فرنگی گلخانه ای در استان چهارمحال و بختیاری انجام شد. روش بررسی: در این مطالعه توصیفی – تحلیلی آزمایشـــگاهی 60 نمونه گوجه فرنگی و خیار از سطح گلخانه های استان به روش تصادفی ساده انتخاب شدند. میزان سم نمونه ها قبل از شستن، بعد از شستن و پس از پوست کندن با اتیل استات - ان- هگزان استخراج گردید و پس از خارج کردن حلال میزان سم استخراج شده با کروماتوگرافی مایع با عملکرد بالا (HPLC) اندازه گیری شد. برای تحلیل اطلاعات از آزمون های ناپارامتری رتبه علامت دار ویلکاکسون و فراید من استفاده شد. یافته ها: میانگین باقیمانده سم در خیار نشسته 17/0±23/0، خیار شسته 6/0±15/0 و خیار پوست کنده 5/0±08/0 میلی گرم بر کیلوگرم بود (001/0

Compared of car accident hospital admission rate before and after Ramadan, 2008 in Shahrekord, Iran

زمینه و هدف: تصادفات رانندگی یکی از مسایل مهم بهداشتی با تعداد زیادی مرگ و میر و آسیب دیدگی در ایران است. این تحقیق با هدف مقایسه موارد بستری ناشی از تصادفات در ماه رمضان و ماه های قبل و بعد از آن و درک الگوی آسیب های ناشی از تصادفات منجر به بستری طی این ماهها در بیماران مراجعه کننده به بیمارستان آیت اله کاشانی شهرکرد انجام شد. روش بررسی: در این مطالعه آینده نگر کلیه مواردی که به علت تصادفات ترافیکی از 12 شهریور لغایت 10 آبان سال 1387 (ماههای شعبان، رمضان، شوال) در بیمارستان آیت اله کاشانی شهرکرد بستری شدند مورد بررسی قرار گرفتند. اطلاعات توسط پرسشنامه از طریق مصاحبه و پرونده بیماران جمع آوری و جهت تجزیه و تحلیل اطلاعات از آزمون آماری کای اسکوار، t زوجی و آنالیز واریانس استفاده شد. یافته ها: در این مطالعه جمعاً 820 نفر موارد بستری در اثر تصادف مورد مطالعه قرار گرفتند. بیشتر موارد بستری مربوط به مردان (5/85) بود. مراجعین ماه شعبان 38، ماه رمضان 29 و ماه شوال 6/32 بودند. موارد بستری در ماه رمضان نسبت به دو ماه دیگرکمتر بود (05/0

Effect of anti-inflammatory drug (Piroxicam) on the development of fatty streak and biochemical factors in cholesterol-fed rabbits

زمینه و هدف: با توجه به اینکه هنوز علت اصلی مرگ و میر در اکثر نقاط دنیا بیماریهای قلبی- عروقی است، پیشگیری و درمان این بیماریها با توجه به مکانیسم های جدید ارائه شده قابل توجه است. این پروژه با تکیه بر مکانیسم جدید بیماریهای عروقی مبنی بر یک بیماری التهابی در صدد یافتن ترکیبات خاص در پیشگیری از تشکیل و پیشرفت رگه های چربی (fatty streak) در آترواسکلروز بوده است. روش مطالعه: در یک مطالعه مداخله ای 20 خرگوش نر به مدت 14 هفته مورد بررسی قرار گرفتند. خرگوشها بصورت انتخابی در 4 گروه 5 تایی تقسیم شدند و همه این گروهها در ابتدا به مدت2 هفته تحت رژیم پایه قرار گرفتند. سپس، گروه اول تا پایان دوره تحت رژیم استاندارد، گروه دوم علاوه بر رژیم استاندارد، روزانه mg6 پیروکسیکام تزریقی دریافت کردند، گروه سوم تحت رژیم پرکلسترول و گروه چهارم علاوه بر رژیم پرکلسترول روزانه mg6 پیروکسیـــکام تزریقی دریافت کردند. در طـــی این دوره در دو نوبت (بعد از رژیم پایه و در پایـــان دوره) از خرگوشها جهت آزمایشات بیوشیمیـــایی مختلف از جمله کلسترول تام، لیپوپروتئین با دانسیته پائین (LDL)، لیپوپروتئین با دانسیتـــه بالا (HDL)، مالون دی آلدئید، قند خون ناشتا (FBS)، CRP (C-Reactive protein) کمی، تری گلیسیرید و ظرفیت آنتی اکسیدان خونگیری به عمل آمد. در پایان پس از اتوپسی، نمونه آئورت و کرونرهای راست و چپ مورد بررسی پاتولوژی قرار گرفت. نتایج: رژیم پرکلسترول در مقایسه با رژیم استاندارد باعث ایجاد fatty streakدر عروق کرونر و آئورت شد (0001/0

Likelihood of Breast Screening Uptake among Reproductive-aged Women in Ethiopia: A Baseline Survey for Randomized Controlled Trial

BACKGROUND፡ Breast cancer is the most devastating public health problem affecting women in developed and developing world. Therefore, this study was aimed to assess the likelihood of taking breast self-examination as abreast screening behavior among reproductive age women.METHODS: A community based cross-sectional study was conducted on 810 reproductive-age women. Intervieweradministered questionnaires were used to collect data. Studyparticipants were selected using systematic sampling method. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 24.0.RESULTS: The likelihood of performing breast self-examination was 54.3%. However, the comprehensive knowledge of the participants was 11.5%. As independent predictors, perceived severity of breast cancer [AOR (95%CI) = 2.05 (1.03 to 1.07)] and self-efficacy [AOR (95%CI) = 2.97(0.36-0.99)] were positively associated with the likelihood of performing breast selfexamination whereas districts [AOR (95%CI) = 0.58 (0.37 to 0.91)] and place of residence [AOR (95%CI) = 0.69 (0.51 to 0.93)] were negatively associated with the likelihood of performing breast selfexamination. The HBM Model explained 64.2% of the variance in this study.CONCLUSION: Although the likelihood of performing breast selfexamination was relatively good, the comprehensive knowledge of the women was very low. Therefore, breast cancer screening education must address knowledge and socio-cultural factors that influence breast screening through awareness creation using appropriate behavioral change communication strategies.

Primary ciliary dyskinesia in six patients with bronchiectasis

INTRODUCTION: Primary ciliary dyskinesia [PCD] is generally considered as a rare autosomal recessive disorder. Previous studies reported various prevalence of PCD among patients with bronchiectasis. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Six PCD patients who were diagnosed during the investigation of 40 patients with bronchiectasis were enrolled in this study. Ultra structural studies for both epithelium and cilia were performed, and the deformities in detailed electron microscopic images confirmed the diagnosis of PCD. RESULTS: Four patients experienced the first symptoms shortly after the birth, 1 by the age of 1 and 1 by the age of 4 years. Except of 1 case that was diagnosed 2 months after the onset of disease, diagnosis delay was longer than 5 years in all patients. Consanguineous marriage was observed in the parents of all patients. Upper respiratory tract infections were documented for all patients. CONCLUSIONS: PCD should be considered as a probable underlying disorder in patients with bronchiectasis. Past medical history of otitis media and history of similar clinical findings in family members should raise suspicion toward PCD.INTRODUCTION: Primary ciliary dyskinesia [PCD] is generally considered as a rare autosomal recessive disorder. Previous studies reported various prevalence of PCD among patients with bronchiectasis. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Six PCD patients who were diagnosed during the investigation of 40 patients with bronchiectasis were enrolled in this study. Ultra structural studies for both epithelium and cilia were performed, and the deformities in detailed electron microscopic images confirmed the diagnosis of PCD. RESULTS: Four patients experienced the first symptoms shortly after the birth, 1 by the age of 1 and 1 by the age of 4 years. Except of 1 case that was diagnosed 2 months after the onset of disease, diagnosis delay was longer than 5 years in all patients. Consanguineous marriage was observed in the parents of all patients. Upper respiratory tract infections were documented for all patients. CONCLUSIONS: PCD should be considered as a probable underlying disorder in patients with bronchiectasis. Past medical history of otitis media and history of similar clinical findings in family members should raise suspicion toward PCD

Application of Kingdon and Hall Models to Review Environmental Sanitation and Health Promotion Policy in Ethiopia: A Professional Perspective as a Review

BACKGROUND: In the world, many countries, including Ethiopia, are framing policies to roll back the problem of the sanitation. For this, the Kingdon and Hall models are the two distinct models formed to articulate the policy agenda to the health problem. The Kingdon model includes problem, policy and politics streams whereas the Hall model includes legitimacy, feasibility and support of the health policies. Therefore, this review aims to integrate the two models with diseases prevention and health promotion policies of Ethiopia.METHODS: We used the existing frameworks of the models as a guiding principle. Then, we applied the frameworks of the two models as an important consideration to interlink policy agenda to a given health problem. We also described the existing scientific literature about the sanitation and health promotion. After thoroughly reviewing, possible policy inputs and country setups were included with a brief discussion by comparing different kinds of literatures.RESULTS: The two models are recognized as an opportunity to get an essential sanitation policy. The government settled and has closed links to the new innovation as an emerged discourse. Therefore, the two model streams came together for setting sanitation problem on the policy agenda. The technical feasibility, public acceptability and congruence with existing values were all judged to be favorable.CONCLUSION: The integration of policies within the policy frameworks has very important outputs in various countries. Therefore, the field specialists should figure out the problem of policy integration through policy evaluation researches

Evaluation of Antibiotic Sensitivity of Urinary Tract Pathogens among Children in Zahedan, South East of Iran

Background Urinary tract infection (UTI), are the most frequent and serious infection in childhood around the world. The present study aimed to evaluate antibiotic sensitivity of urinary tract pathogens among children in Zahedan, South East Iran. Materials and Methods This cross-sectional study analyzed 396 patients aged 1-18 years with positive urine and suspected UTI. Gender and age of children, kind of isolated bacteria in urine culture, susceptibility and resistance of these bacteria to current antibiotics were studied. Bacterial growth for more than 105 CFU/ml was considered as positive. Data analyzed by SPSS version 21.0. Results The most common age of urinary tract infection were < 1 year and 1-7 years for boys and girls, respectively, and the variation of sex distribution was significant in different age groups (P = 0.003). The most prevalent cause of UTI was Escherichia coli(E.coli) (77%), in total ages and both gender, afterward was Enterobacter (8.1%) and Klebsiella (7.1%). E.coli sepsis was highly sensitive to nitrofurantoin (74.7%), ciprofloxacin (72.5%), and amikacin (64.6%), both highly resistant to trimethoprim and sulfametoxazole (74.8%), ampicillin (66.9%), and nalidixic acid(51.1%); and its resistance to ceftriaxone was increasing. Conclusion  In this study resulted that E. coli was the first responsible pathogen in proven culture of UTI in children, which was increased in resistance to popular antibiotics like Ampicillin, Sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprimand Nalidixic acid. In several countries, emphasize the need for local population specific surveillance for guiding empirical therapy for UTI in children