Epidemic Model of Leptospirosis Containing Fractional Order

We study an epidemic model of leptospirosis in fractional order numerically. The multistep generalized differential transform method is applied to find the accurate approximate solution of the epidemic model of leptospirosis disease in fractional order. A unique positive solution for the epidemic model in fractional order is presented. For the integer case derivative, the approximate solution of MGDTM is compared with the Runge-Kutta order four scheme. The numerical results are presented for the justification purpose

Activating Mutations in <i>PIK3CA</i> Lead to Widespread Modulation of the Tyrosine Phosphoproteome

The human oncogene <i>PIK3CA</i> is frequently mutated in human cancers. Two hotspot mutations in <i>PIK3CA</i>, E545K and H1047R, have been shown to regulate widespread signaling events downstream of AKT, leading to increased cell proliferation, growth, survival, and motility. We used quantitative mass spectrometry to profile the global phosphotyrosine proteome of isogenic knock-in cell lines containing these activating mutations, where we identified 824 unique phosphopeptides. Although it is well understood that these mutations result in hyperactivation of the serine/threonine kinase AKT, we found a surprisingly widespread modulation of tyrosine phosphorylation levels of proteins in the mutant cells. In the tyrosine kinome alone, 29 tyrosine kinases were altered in their phosphorylation status. Many of the regulated phosphosites that we identified were located in the kinase domain or the canonical activation sites, indicating that these kinases and their downstream signaling pathways were activated. Our study demonstrates that there is frequent and unexpected cross-talk that occurs between tyrosine signaling pathways and serine/threonine signaling pathways activated by the canonical PI3K-AKT axis