Peningkatkan Berproses Siswa Dalam Belajar IPS Dengan Teknik “Oval – Et”

This study aims to: 1) increase the involvement of students in learning activities proceed on Population Problems materials and Abatement Efforts through learning techniques OVAL-ET, 2) improving student learning outcomes in social studies learning through techniques OVAL-ET, and 3 ) determine students responses to the application of learning to OVAL-ET techniques in social studies for VIII A grade students of SMP Negeri 2 Rawalo in the first semester in the Academic Year 2010/2011. Questionnaires and interviews were used to collect data about their interests, and the assessment for learning social studies, while the observations are used to collect data about student involvement in various aktvitas proceed to learn both in the classroom and outside the classroom, and learning logs are used to determine students responses to the application of engineering OVAL-ET in teaching social studies. Based on the data from this study concluded Technique "OVAL-ET" to proceed to increase the involvement of students in learning activities and student achievement

Kajian Instrumen Pungutan Bagi Pengguna Jalan Untuk Dana Pemeliharaan Di Propinsi Jawa Barat

. In the current condition revenue from road transport sector allocated to road expenditure, especially related to road maintenance, is very low. The revenue is collected in a form of tax of the object, the vehicle. But, this does not represent the contribution of the object to the road maintenance expenditure. Charging instruments for the road maintenance have been implemented widely in many countries and known as Road Fund. The fund is managed by road\u27s stakeholder to assure that the collected charges will be reallocated to the road sector. This study is dealing with some aspects of the charging instrument for the road maintenance with respect to types, charges, and mechanism. Based on the literature study the selected instruments are vehicle license fee, fuel levy, and heavy vehicle license fee. This study refers to the International practices and experiences and considers some criteria such as administration characteristics, applicability, and simplicity of collecting mechanism. This study reveals that the charge per vehicle per kilometer for the maintenance expenditure based on some financing scenario increases the Vehicle Operating Cost (VOC) by 0.68% to 3.32% depending on the vehicle type. The suggested collecting mechanism is to use the established existing mechanism to save the time and cost, namely vehicle license fee through the car license plate number (STNK) payment, fuel levy through the Pertamina as the sole distributor of fuel, and heavy vehicle license fee through the car inspection mechanism

Kajian Instrumen Pungutan Bagi Pengguna Jalan Untuk Dana Pemeliharaan Di Propinsi Jawa Barat

. In the current condition revenue from road transport sector allocated to road expenditure, especially related to road maintenance, is very low. The revenue is collected in a form of tax of the object, the vehicle. But, this does not represent the contribution of the object to the road maintenance expenditure. Charging instruments for the road maintenance have been implemented widely in many countries and known as Road Fund. The fund is managed by road's stakeholder to assure that the collected charges will be reallocated to the road sector. This study is dealing with some aspects of the charging instrument for the road maintenance with respect to types, charges, and mechanism. Based on the literature study the selected instruments are vehicle license fee, fuel levy, and heavy vehicle license fee. This study refers to the International practices and experiences and considers some criteria such as administration characteristics, applicability, and simplicity of collecting mechanism. This study reveals that the charge per vehicle per kilometer for the maintenance expenditure based on some financing scenario increases the Vehicle Operating Cost (VOC) by 0.68% to 3.32% depending on the vehicle type. The suggested collecting mechanism is to use the established existing mechanism to save the time and cost, namely vehicle license fee through the car license plate number (STNK) payment, fuel levy through the Pertamina as the sole distributor of fuel, and heavy vehicle license fee through the car inspection mechanism

Limitations of the pour point measurement and the influence of the oil composition on its detection using principal component analysis

A method for maximum and minimum pour point determination in crude oil was applied, and the chemical composition of 80 samples, American Petroleum Institute (API) gravity, total acid number (TAN), density, kinematic viscosity, and sulfur, asphaltene, and wax contents were analyzed in association with chemometric methods. The results of the 80 analyzed samples showed maximum pour point temperatures from 9 to -36 degrees C and minimum pour point temperatures from 12 to -36 degrees C. Heavy oils with asphaltenic chemical composition showed more positive values of pour point (5-8 degrees C) and showed no significant difference between the maximum and minimum pour points considering the repeatability of the method (3 degrees C for maximum and 6 degrees C for minimum). However, the oils with chemical composition with higher wax content and higher API gravity showed lower pour point values from -24 to -6 degrees C (maximum) and from -30 to -18 degrees C (minimum), respectively. The principal component analysis (PCA) explained 92% of data variability, showing that the differences among the properties of the samples allowed for their separation by groups and some properties are closely correlated to the pour point2831686169

A qualitative risk assessment for visual-only post-mortem meat inspection of cattle, sheep, goats and farmed/wild deer

The UK Food Standards Agency is currently funding research to build the evidence base for the modernisation of meat inspection. This includes an assessment of the risks to public health and animal health/welfare of moving to a visual-only post-mortem meat inspection (PMMI), where routine mandatory palpation and incision procedures are omitted. In this paper we present the results of a risk assessment for a change from current to visual-only PMMI for cattle, sheep/goats and farmed/wild deer. A large list of hazard/species pairings were assessed and prioritised by a process of hazard identification. Twelve hazard/species pairings were selected for full consideration within the final risk assessment. The results of the public health risk assessment indicated that all hazard/species pairings were Negligible with the exception of Cysticercus bovis in cattle, which was judged to be of low-medium increased risk for systems not conforming to criteria as laid down by EC Regulation 1244/2007, compared to systems that do conform to Regulations for visual-only PMMI. Most hazard/species pairings were concluded to pose a potential increased risk to animal health/welfare, including Mycobacterium bovis (very low – low increase in risk, but with considerable uncertainty), Fasciola hepatica (negligible – very low) and Cysticercus bovis (very low – low). Due to low feedback rates to farmers, the real risk to animal health/welfare for F. hepatica and C. bovis, including animals in non-conforming systems under visual-only PMMI, is probably negligible. That then leaves M. bovis as the only confirmed non-negligible animal health and welfare risk

Conjunto para habitação social com princípios bioclimáticos para o município de Governador Valadares, MG

Este artigo apresenta a aplicação de conceitos da arquitetura bioclimática em um projeto para habitação social concebido para o município de Governador Valadares-MG, para o qual foram propostas tipologias distintas de habitação e áreas de uso comum. Objetiva incentivar a promoção de projetos mais racionais do ponto de vista energético, os quais sejam economicamente viáveis em longo prazo, confortáveis para seus habitantes e adequados ambientalmente. Além dos princípios bioclimáticos, foram utilizados conceitos da engenharia simultânea para direcionar as decisões de projeto de maneira simultânea e interligada. O desenho urbano e as edificações foram projetados considerando as especificadades locais como o clima quente e úmido, o relevo acidentado, e a existência de um curso d’água no terreno, dentre outros condicionantes projetuais. O ordenamento considerou os cálculos de declividade do terreno, das densidades populacionais e da proporção entre a área construída, livre e arborizada. Também foram respeitadas as normas de circulação e de acessibilidade urbana. Na fase de pré-projeto, o uso das tabelas de Mahoney foi fundamental para determinar as principais diretrizes climáticas do desenho urbano e das edificações.  A declividade do terreno natural foi avaliada a partir de um programa computacional – ArcMap, que gerou mapas temáticos. A execução de maquete física do terreno auxiliou também nos estudos de ventilação e insolação, realizados, respectivamente, em túnel de ventos e heliodon. As necessidades sociais foram respeitadas baseando-se em um levantamento do padrão familiar e social da cidade. Além disso, os materiais e as técnicas construtivas foram escolhidos conforme as características locais. De uma área total de 5 hectare, 64% foi parcelada em lotes; o restante foi destinado ao sistema de circulação, à implantação de equipamentos comunitários e aos espaços livres. Foram propostas quatro tipologias distintas de habitações

A Burgessian critique of nominalistic tendencies in contemporary mathematics and its historiography

We analyze the developments in mathematical rigor from the viewpoint of a Burgessian critique of nominalistic reconstructions. We apply such a critique to the reconstruction of infinitesimal analysis accomplished through the efforts of Cantor, Dedekind, and Weierstrass; to the reconstruction of Cauchy's foundational work associated with the work of Boyer and Grabiner; and to Bishop's constructivist reconstruction of classical analysis. We examine the effects of a nominalist disposition on historiography, teaching, and research.Comment: 57 pages; 3 figures. Corrected misprint

Baseline and acquired resistance to bedaquiline, linezolid and pretomanid, and impact on treatment outcomes in four tuberculosis clinical trials containing pretomanid.

Bedaquiline (B), pretomanid (Pa) and linezolid (L) are key components of new regimens for treating rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis (TB). However, there is limited information on the global prevalence of resistance to these drugs and the impact of resistance on treatment outcomes. Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) phenotypic drug susceptibility and whole-genome sequence (WGS) data, as well as patient profiles from 4 pretomanid-containing trials-STAND, Nix-TB, ZeNix and SimpliciTB-were used to investigate the rates of baseline resistance (BR) and acquired resistance (AR) to BPaL drugs, as well as their genetic basis, risk factors and impact on treatment outcomes. Data from >1,000 TB patients enrolled from 2015 to 2020 in 12 countries was assessed. We identified 2 (0.3%) participants with linezolid BR. Pretomanid BR was also rare, with similar rates across TB drug resistance types (0-2.1%). In contrast, bedaquiline BR was more prevalent among participants with highly resistant TB or longer prior treatment histories than those with newly diagnosed disease (5.2-6.3% vs. 0-0.3%). Bedaquiline BR was a risk factor for bacteriological failure or relapse in Nix-TB/ZeNix; 3/12 (25%, 95% CI 5-57%) participants with vs. 6/185 (3.2%, 1.2-6.9%) without bedaquiline BR. Across trials, we observed no linezolid AR, and only 3 cases of bedaquiline AR, including 2 participants with poor adherence. Overall, pretomanid AR was also rare, except in ZeNix patients with bedaquiline BR. WGS analyses revealed novel mutations in canonical resistant genes and, in 7 MTB isolates, the genetic determinants could not be identified. The overall low rates of BR to linezolid and pretomanid, and to a lesser extent to bedaquiline, observed in the pretomanid trials are in support of the worldwide implementation of BPaL-based regimens. Similarly, the overall low AR rates observed suggest BPaL drugs are better protected in the regimens trialed here than in other regimens combining bedaquiline with more, but less effective drugs

Voices from the past: early institutional experience of children with disabilities - the case of Scotland

In Scotland, public interest in children with disabilities followed an uneven path. The proponents for such interest included workers in medicine, education and training, public administration, law and order, religion and moral rectitude, philanthropy and charity. Their foci of attention were similarly divers. Initial attention towards children with ‘disabilities’ was directed towards those with sensory impairments. This was followed by provision for children with mental disabilities. Until the introduction of compulsory education in 1872, philanthropists and charities were largely unaware of children with physical impairments. The Scottish experience was distinctive from the rest of the United Kingdom because of its own legal system, and was set against a background of heavy industrialization accompanied by poverty and bad housing. Legislation in such areas as poor law reform and education was not introduced simultaneously to that for England and Wales. The Church of Scotland maintained a strong influence in local government, through the network of clearly defined parishes, despite the secularization that was intent in such legislation as the Poor Law (Scotland) Act of 1843. The influence of Presbyterian clergymen and church elders committed to strongly held ideals of religious belief, respectability and self-help is often apparent in the institutions established for children with disabilities. The following research makes use of archival sources on institutions receiving, accommodating and caring for children with disabilities, supplemented by some contemporary narrative and oral testimony. While the archival sources show that the attention paid to children with disabilities did not develop simultaneously for categories of impairment broadly grouped as sensory, mental and physical, they also indicate that the responses to different forms of disablement followed diverse approaches and objectives