ヒョウロン データ ニオケル セツゾク ジョシ ト ノ ヨウホウ

This thesis is aimed at submitting what kind of use TO is really used by about the conditional sentence that I used connective particle TO for. For a study method, I gathered example sentences, 609 examples of TO from criticism, and set a classification item of 36 items that could appear and arranged it and considered it. As a result, actually it shared the items which occupied the majority, very few items, the items where it did not appear at all of the number of the examples that there was inclination in the way of appearing in. I can expect that TO of literary Japanese has basically some causation by a consequent from inclination of way of appearing in the uses and character of a use. In addition, as a future problem, there is necessity to submit whether there are what kind of relations characteristics for existing “some relations” as a general idea to distinguish from “causation” in TO. Furthermore, I was able to point out problems in these classification item setting because the relations that were close to “reaction” each during “discovery” “expression” “time” were seen by this investigation. When I’ll submit a use of TO, I will have to arrange a use of TO after having set a classification item newly

STEREOCHEMICAL STUDIES OF 1,2-DIAMINOCYCLOHEXANE AND SOME OF ITS DERIVATIVES

The literature methods for the determination of chemical purity and ratio of cis and trans diastereoisomers of 1,2-diaminocyclohexane (DACH) from commercial sources were evaluated. Carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy was found to be most convenient for routine analysis. Gas chromatographic analysis after the Eschweiler-Clarke N-methylation was found to give a faulty isomer ratio unless special precautions were taken to insure complete reaction, since the cis isomer was found to undergo unusually slow conversion to its tetramethyl derivative compared to the rate of conversion of the trans isomer. Optically active cis-2,3-diphenyldecahydroquinoxaline and trans-2,3-diphenyldecahydroquinoxaline were prepared by stereoselective reductions of 2,3-diphenylhexahydroquinoxaline obtained by the condensation of benzil and (-)-(R,R)-DACH enantiomer. Optically active N,N\u27-dibenzyl-1,2-diaminocyclohexane (DBDACH) was prepared by the NaBH(,4) reduction of the diimine obtained by the condensation of benzaldehyde and (-)-(R,R)-DACH enantiomer. Three diamines were added to suspensions of lithium aluminum hydride (LAH) in ether to produce chirally modified LAH reagents. Propiophenone was reduced to (R)-1-phenylethanol in 36% enantiomeric excess (e.e.) by the DBDACH-LAH reagent. The reduction of propiophenone by LAH reagents modified with the two chiral decahydroquinoxalines resulted in carbinol with (S)-configuration but with small asymmetric inductions (less than 5% e.e.)

Repeated administration of duloxetine suppresses neuropathic pain by accumulating effects of noradrenaline in the spinal cord

学位記番号：医博甲164

交通外傷における救急隊の現場滞在時間に関連する要因とその地域差についての検討

Background: The outcome of road traffic injury (RTI) is determined by duration of prehospital time, patient’s demographics, and the type of injury and its mechanism. During the emergency medical service (EMS) prehospital time interval, on-scene time should be minimized for early treatment. This study aimed to examine the factors influencing on-scene EMS time among RTI patients. Methods: We evaluated 19,141 cases of traffic trauma recorded between April 2014 and March 2020 in the EMS database of the Nara Wide Area Fire Department and the prehospital database of the emergency Medical Alliance for Total Coordination of Healthcare (e-MATCH). To examine the association of the number of EMS phone calls until hospital acceptance, age ≥65 years, high-risk injury, vital signs, holiday, and nighttime (0:00–8:00) with on-scene time, a generalized linear mixed model with random effects for four study regions was conducted. Results: EMS phone calls were the biggest factor, accounting for 5.69 minutes per call, and high-risk injury accounted for an additional 2.78 minutes. Holiday, nighttime, and age ≥65 years were also associated with increased on-scene time, but there were no significant vital sign variables for on-scene time, except for the level of consciousness. Regional differences were also noted based on random effects, with a maximum difference of 2 minutes among regions. Conclusions: The number of EMS phone calls until hospital acceptance was the most significant influencing factor in reducing on-scene time, and high-risk injury accounted for up to an additional 2.78 minutes. Considering these factors, including regional differences, can help improve the regional EMS policies and outcomes of RTI patients.博士（医学）・甲第880号・令和5年3月15

How Native Japanese Speakers Solve Ambiguous Relative Clauses in Their L1 and L2: Evidence from the Self-paced Reading of Japanese and English

The present study combined off- and on-line tasks to demonstrate how L1 Japanese late intermediate learners of L2 English specify an antecedent of a relative clause (RC) in L1 Japanese and L2 English. When an RC has two candidate antecedents, it is reported that native English speakers prefer attaching an RC to a closer noun phrase (CNP) to itself (recency preference, RP), whereas native Japanese speakers prefer attaching an RC to the most distant noun phrase (DNP) from itself (predicate proximity, PP). Responses to a questionnaire that was administered as part of this study showed a similar preference with regard to RC attachment in L1 Japanese and L2 English. However, in the self-paced reading task, the reading time of RCs semantically biased to DNPs was longer than that of neutral RCs in L2 English, indicating a conflict between RP and PP during the processing of L2 English. The results suggest that native Japanese speakers learning English may unconsciously transfer their attachment principle in L1 Japanese to L2 English

日本語学習者は自らのことばの体系をどのように構築しているのか -関連表現とみなした言語項目を手がかりに-

早大学位記番号:新7953早稲田大