Diethyl 3,4-dimethylthieno[2,3-it b]thiophene-2,5-dicarboxylate

In the title compound, C14H16O4S2, the thieno[2,3-b]thiophene ring systems are planar [maximum deviation = 0.008 (2) Å]. The molecular conformation is stabilized by intramolecular C-HO hydrogen bonds, while the crystal packing is stabilized by C-HO, C-H and - stacking [centroid-centroid distance = 3.6605 (14) Å] interactions, which lead to supramolecular layers in the ab plane

Nuclear Power - System Simulations and Operation

At the onset of the 21st century, we are searching for reliable and sustainable energy sources that have a potential to support growing economies developing at accelerated growth rates, technology advances improving quality of life and becoming available to larger and larger populations. The quest for robust sustainable energy supplies meeting the above constraints leads us to the nuclear power technology. Today's nuclear reactors are safe and highly efficient energy systems that offer electricity and a multitude of co-generation energy products ranging from potable water to heat for industrial applications. Catastrophic earthquake and tsunami events in Japan resulted in the nuclear accident that forced us to rethink our approach to nuclear safety, requirements and facilitated growing interests in designs, which can withstand natural disasters and avoid catastrophic consequences. This book is one in a series of books on nuclear power published by InTech. It consists of ten chapters on system simulations and operational aspects. Our book does not aim at a complete coverage or a broad range. Instead, the included chapters shine light at existing challenges, solutions and approaches. Authors hope to share ideas and findings so that new ideas and directions can potentially be developed focusing on operational characteristics of nuclear power plants. The consistent thread throughout all chapters is the system-thinking approach synthesizing provided information and ideas. The book targets everyone with interests in system simulations and nuclear power operational aspects as its potential readership groups - students, researchers and practitioners

Effects of hospital facilities on patient outcomes after cancer surgery: an international, prospective, observational study

Background Early death after cancer surgery is higher in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) compared with in high-income countries, yet the impact of facility characteristics on early postoperative outcomes is unknown. The aim of this study was to examine the association between hospital infrastructure, resource availability, and processes on early outcomes after cancer surgery worldwide.Methods A multimethods analysis was performed as part of the GlobalSurg 3 study-a multicentre, international, prospective cohort study of patients who had surgery for breast, colorectal, or gastric cancer. The primary outcomes were 30-day mortality and 30-day major complication rates. Potentially beneficial hospital facilities were identified by variable selection to select those associated with 30-day mortality. Adjusted outcomes were determined using generalised estimating equations to account for patient characteristics and country-income group, with population stratification by hospital.Findings Between April 1, 2018, and April 23, 2019, facility-level data were collected for 9685 patients across 238 hospitals in 66 countries (91 hospitals in 20 high-income countries; 57 hospitals in 19 upper-middle-income countries; and 90 hospitals in 27 low-income to lower-middle-income countries). The availability of five hospital facilities was inversely associated with mortality: ultrasound, CT scanner, critical care unit, opioid analgesia, and oncologist. After adjustment for case-mix and country income group, hospitals with three or fewer of these facilities (62 hospitals, 1294 patients) had higher mortality compared with those with four or five (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 3.85 [95% CI 2.58-5.75]; p<0.0001), with excess mortality predominantly explained by a limited capacity to rescue following the development of major complications (63.0% vs 82.7%; OR 0.35 [0.23-0.53]; p<0.0001). Across LMICs, improvements in hospital facilities would prevent one to three deaths for every 100 patients undergoing surgery for cancer.Interpretation Hospitals with higher levels of infrastructure and resources have better outcomes after cancer surgery, independent of country income. Without urgent strengthening of hospital infrastructure and resources, the reductions in cancer-associated mortality associated with improved access will not be realised

3-Amino-1-phenyl-1H-benzo[f]chromene-2-carbonitrile

In the title compound, C20H14N2O, the phenyl ring is almost normal to the naphthalene ring system with a dihedral angle of 86.72 (9)°. The 4H-pyran ring fused with the naphthalene ring system has a boat conformation. In the crystal, molecules are linked into a helical supramolecular chain along the b axis via N-H...N hydrogen bonds. The chains are consolidated into a three-dimensional architecture by C-H...[pi] interactions

Crystal structure of 3-amino-1-(4-chlorophenyl)-1H-benzo[f]chromene-2-carbonitrile

In the title compound, C20H13ClN2O, the chlorobenzene ring is almost perpendicular to the mean plane of the naphthalene ring system, making a dihedral angle of 81.26 (8)degrees. The 4H-pyran ring fused with the naphthalene ring system has a flattened boat conformation. In the crystal, N-H center dot center dot center dot N hydrogen bonds generate chains along the b-axis direction. Further N-H center dot center dot center dot N hydrogen bonds link these chains into sheets parallel to (010). The crystal packing also features C-H center dot center dot center dot pi interactions. The crystal studied was an inversion twin with a 0.557 (16):0.443 (16) domain ratio

N'-[(E)-(Furan-2-yl) methylidene]-2-[4-(2-methylpropyl)phenyl] propanohydrazide

In the title molecule, C18H22N2O2, the furan and benzene rings form a dihedral angle of 70.17 ( 14)degrees. In the crystal, strong N-H center dot center dot center dot O and weak C-H center dot center dot center dot O hydrogen bonds link the molecules into chains running parallel to [010]

Crystal structure of 2-amino-4-phenyl-4H-benzo[h]chromene-3-carbonitrile

In the title compound, C20H14N2O, the plane of the phenyl ring is almost normal to that of the naphthalene ring system, forming a dihedral angle of 83.15(8)degrees. The 4H-pyran ring fused with the naphthalene ring system has a flattened boat conformation. In the crystal, molecules are linked by pairs of N-H center dot center dot center dot N hydrogen bonds, forming inversion dimers with an R-2(2)(12) ring motif. The dimers are connected by C-H center dot center dot center dot pi interactions, forming supramolecular chains along [010]