S100B PROTEIN LEVELS IN SALIVA: CORRELATION WITH GESTATIONAL AGE IN NORMAL TERM AND PRETERM NEWBORNS

OBJECTIVES: S100B is an acidic calcium-binding protein of the EF-hand family present in the central nervous system, where it is concentrated in glial cells. It has been suggested to act as a cytokine with neurotrophic effects at physiological concentrations. DESIGN AND METHODS: S100B concentration was assessed in saliva by western blot analysis and an immunoluminometric assay. A reference curve of the protein was established in 216 preterm and term newborns. RESULTS: S100B levels were significantly higher in saliva taken from the preterm group, and the highest S100B levels were found in newborns who were delivered in the earlier weeks of gestation, exhibiting a progressive decrease nearer to term. S100B concentration in saliva was correlated with gestational age (r = -0.69; P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The present study offers data consistent with the putative neurotrophic role of S100B and suggests the usefulness of saliva in the clinical monitoring of S100B levels

BH3 mimetics in relapsed and refractory adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia: a Campus ALL real-life study

: Not available

Neurological abnormalities in full-term asphyxiated newborns and salivary S100B testing: the “cooperative multitask against brain injury of neonates” (CoMBINe) international study

BACKGROUND: Perinatal asphyxia (PA) is a leading cause of mortality and morbidity in newborns: its prognosis depends both on the severity of the asphyxia and on the immediate resuscitation to restore oxygen supply and blood circulation. Therefore, we investigated whether measurement of S100B, a consolidated marker of brain injury, in salivary fluid of PA newborns may constitute a useful tool for the early detection of asphyxia-related brain injury. METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional study in 292 full-term newborns admitted to our NICUs, of whom 48 suffered PA and 244 healthy controls admitted at our NICUs. Saliva S100B levels measurement longitudinally after birth; routine laboratory variables, neurological patterns, cerebral ultrasound and, magnetic resonance imaging were performed. The primary end-point was the presence of neurological abnormalities at 12-months after birth. RESULTS: S100B salivary levels were significantly (P3.25 MoM S100B achieved a sensitivity of 100% (CI5-95%: 89.3%-100%) and a specificity of 100% (CI5-95%: 98.6%-100%) as a single marker for predicting the occurrence of abnormal neurological outcome (area under the ROC curve: 1.000; CI5-95%: 0.987-1.0). CONCLUSIONS: S100B protein measurement in saliva, soon after birth, is a useful tool to identify which asphyxiated infants are at risk of neurological sequelae

S100B protein in urine of preterm newborns with ominous outcome

Prematurity is an important cause of perinatal death, and no reliable biochemical/biophysical markers exist to identify newborns with an increased mortality risk. We aimed to use S100B concentrations in urine as an early indicator of risk of neonatal death. We did a cross-sectional study using urine obtained from 165 preterm newborns, of whom 11 suffered neonatal death within the first week, 121 displayed no overt neurologic syndrome, and 33 suffered neonatal hypoxia and intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) but not ominous outcome. Urine S100B concentrations were determined at four time-points and corrected for gestational age by conversion to multiples of median (MoM) of healthy controls of the same gestational age. Ultrasound imaging was assessed within the first 72 h from birth. In infants that died within the first week, S100B levels in urine were already higher than controls at first urination and increased progressively between the 24 and 96-h time-points. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed a significant correlation between urine S100B protein concentrations and the occurrence of neonatal death. An S100B concentration cut-off of 12.93 MoM at first urination had a sensitivity of 100% and a specificity of 97.8% for predicting an ominous outcome. The positive predictive value was 78.6%, the negative predictive value was 100%. Measurement of urine S100B protein levels in preterm newborns could be useful to identify newborns at higher risk of neonatal death

Mean saliva S100B concentrations (µg/mL) expressed as MoM [lower and upper 95% Confidence Interval (CI)] at birth (T0) and at 4 (T1), 8 (T2), 12 (T3), 16 (T4), 20 (T5), 24 (T6), 48 (T7), 72 (T8) and 96 (T9) hours after birth in Reference Group (n = 244) and in asphyxiated full-term newborns with good (Group A) or severe (Group B) neurological outcome at 12-months follow-up.

<p>^*P<0.001 vs Healthy Group and asphyxiated full-term newborns with good neurological prognosis (Group A).^*P<0.001 vs Group B values at 48, 72 and, 96 hours</p><p>Salivary S100B concentrations were significantly higher in neonates belonging to Group B at all monitoring time-points (p<0.001, for all).</p><p>Statistical evaluation of differences among Groups at each time point was performed by using the Kruskal-Wallis test followed by the Dunn’s post test</p><p>Mean saliva S100B concentrations (µg/mL) expressed as MoM [lower and upper 95% Confidence Interval (CI)] at birth (T0) and at 4 (T1), 8 (T2), 12 (T3), 16 (T4), 20 (T5), 24 (T6), 48 (T7), 72 (T8) and 96 (T9) hours after birth in Reference Group (n = 244) and in asphyxiated full-term newborns with good (Group A) or severe (Group B) neurological outcome at 12-months follow-up.</p

Saliva levels of S100B in neonates with normal, BG/W score 1–2 and BG/W score 3–4.

<p>The box plots represent the medians and interquartile ranges for each group. ^*^*P<0.001 global BG/W vs severe BG/W injury; ^*P<0.001 vs normal MRI group.</p

Perinatal clinical characteristics and outcomes in asphyxiated newborns with normal (Group A) or abnormal (Group B) neurological outcome and in healthy subjects (Reference Group, R Group).

<p>Values are expressed as mean ± SD. n.p.: not performed.</p><p>^*P<0.01 vs controls.</p><p>Perinatal clinical characteristics and outcomes in asphyxiated newborns with normal (Group A) or abnormal (Group B) neurological outcome and in healthy subjects (Reference Group, R Group).</p

Laboratory parameters recorded at birth in asphyxiated newborns with normal (Group A) or abnormal (Group B) neurological outcome and in healthy subjects (Reference Group, R Group).

<p>Values are expressed as mean ± SD.</p><p>^*P<0.0001 vs controls.</p><p>Laboratory parameters recorded at birth in asphyxiated newborns with normal (Group A) or abnormal (Group B) neurological outcome and in healthy subjects (Reference Group, R Group).</p