Diet-induced metabolic dysregulation in female mice causes osteopenia in adult offspring

Bone mass and quality in humans are controlled by numerous genetic and environmental factors that are not fully understood. Increasing evidence has indicated that maternal metabolic dysregulation impairs multiple physiological processes in the adult offspring, but a similar effect on bone health is yet to be established. Here, we have analyzed the bones of first-generation offspring from murine dams that present metabolic syndrome due to a high-fat and high-sugar (HF/HS) diet. Micro-CT analyses show that the long bones of HF/HS offspring possess lower cortical bone mass and weaker mechanical strength than normal, even though the trabecular bone is not affected. Histomorphometry and serum biochemistry indicate that both bone formation and resorption are diminished in the HF/HS offspring. In vitro, both osteoblast and osteoclast progenitors from the HF/HS offspring are deficient in differentiation, likely due to impairment of mitochondrial respiration. The study, therefore, identifies maternal metabolic health as an important environmental factor influencing bone volume and strength

La territorialisation de l'action publique à l'épreuve des faits en RD Congo : dynamiques et paradoxes

International audienceThe Congolese constitution of 2006 has given subnational institutions –especially provinces– broader powers in the development and implementation of sectoral public policies. In addition, to bring the population closer to decision-making centres, this territorialisation of public action has gone with territorial engineering, increasing the number of provinces from 11 to 26. But more than a decade after the promulgation of this constitution –and more than two years after the installation of new provinces– it is clear that these entities enjoy only a very weak legitimacy. Paradoxically, we are witnessing the reproduction of Congolese state power, thus calling into question the very process of territorialisation of public policies and its corollary decentralisation.La constitution congolaise de 2006 a conféré aux institutions infranationales – les provinces en particulier – des pouvoirs étendus en ce qui concerne le développement et la mise en œuvre de politiques publiques sectorielles. En outre, pour rapprocher la population de centres de décisions, cette territorialisation de l’action publique est accompagnée d’une ingénierie territoriale, faisant passer le nombre de provinces de 11 à 26. Mais plus d’une décennie après la promulgation de cette constitution – et plus de deux ans après l’installation de nouvelles provinces – force est de constater que ces entités ne jouissent que d’une très faible légitimité. On assiste paradoxalement à la reproduction du pouvoir d’État congolais, remettant ainsi en cause le processus même de territorialisation des politiques publiques et de son corollaire la décentralisation

Coring Sample Acquisition Tool

A sample acquisition tool (SAT) has been developed that can be used autonomously to sample drill and capture rock cores. The tool is designed to accommodate core transfer using a sample tube to the IMSAH (integrated Mars sample acquisition and handling) SHEC (sample handling, encapsulation, and containerization) without ever touching the pristine core sample in the transfer process

Early development of the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita

Background: Detailed descriptions of the early development of parasitic nematodes are seldom available. The embryonic development of the plant-parasitic nematode Meloidogyne incognita was studied, focusing on the early events. Results: A fixed pattern of repeated cell cleavages was observed, resulting in the appearance of the six founder cells 3 days after the first cell division. Gastrulation, characterized by the translocation of cells from the ventral side to the center of the embryo, was seen 1 day later. Approximately 10 days after the first cell division a rapidly elongating two-fold stage was reached. The fully developed second stage juvenile hatched approximately 21 days after the first cell division. Conclusions: When compared to the development of the free-living nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, the development of M. incognita occurs approximately 35 times more slowly. Furthermore, M. incognita differs from C. elegans in the order of cell divisions, and the early cleavage patterns of the germ line cells. However, cytoplasmic ruffling and nuclear migration prior to the first cell division as well as the localization of microtubules are similar between C. elegans and M. incognita.This work was funded by grants from the California Agricultural Research Initiative (grant #: ARI/CATI/Calderón-Urrea/Cell Death/03-2-006-31), the College of Science and Mathematics at Fresno State, the California State University Program for Education and Research in Biotechnology (CSUPERB), and the RIMI Facility at Fresno State (development of this facility was funded by NIH-NIMHD grant “Research Infrastructure for Minority Institutions P20MD002732”)

The Arizona minimum wage and hour law

This item was digitized from a paper original and/or a microfilm copy. If you need higher-resolution images for any content in this item, please contact us at [email protected]

Assessing the Impact of Microfinance and Small Loans Scheme (Masloc) as a Poverty Reduction Strategy in the Sunyani Municipality

The study assesses the effects of MASLOC as poverty reduction strategy in the Sunyani Municipality. A case study design was adopted with a descriptive survey as the main study design and approach. Structured questionnaire was employed as the main data collection instruments to collect primary data from 112 MASLOC beneficiaries in the Sunyani Municipality of the Bono East Region. Both purposive and simple random sampling techniques were used to select the sample size. The study outcome shows that the level of poverty among beneficiaries before becoming MASLOC beneficiaries in the Sunyani Municipality was high and could hardly afford basic needs of life. However, after experiencing MASLOC, their status improve and could afford basic needs such as medical bills, school fees and other educational needs and even start and expand businesses and improve product and customer services. Again, the study discovered challenges to the MASLOC beneficiaries: high interest rate on loans, lack of collateral security to secure loans, stringent credit conditions, administrative costs associated with processing loans, biasness of MASLOC staff, among others. Finally, significant positive effects on improving the living standards of beneficiaries were concluded. The study recommended management of MASLOC to collaboratively work with the National Commission for Civic Education and other media organizations to develop and implement an advocacy and sensitization programme. Also, a good system that makes it very easy and fair for poor people to access credit from the scheme should be created. The Government of Ghana (GoG) should implement policies that make it favourable for poor people to access credit facilities from MASLOC and other Financial Institutions that grant credit to poor people. Keywords: Microfinance, Small Loans Scheme, Poverty, Poverty Reduction, Small Business DOI: 10.7176/JESD/13-2-04 Publication date: January 31st 202

Feeding Frenzy: Shark Cartilage as Treatment for Cancer

abstract not availabl

Human Milk Oligosaccharide Concentrations and Infant Intakes Are Associated with Maternal Overweight and Obesity and Predict Infant Growth

Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) are bioactive molecules playing a critical role in infant health. We aimed to quantify the composition of HMOs of women with normal weight (18.5–24.9 kg/m2), overweight (25.0–29.9 kg/m2), or obesity (30.0–60.0 kg/m2) and determine the effect of HMO intake on infant growth. Human milk (HM) samples collected at 2 months (2 M; n = 194) postpartum were analyzed for HMO concentrations via high-performance liquid chromatography. Infant HM intake, anthropometrics and body composition were assessed at 2 M and 6 M postpartum. Linear regressions and linear mixed-effects models were conducted examining the relationships between maternal BMI and HMO composition and HMO intake and infant growth over the first 6 M, respectively. Maternal obesity was associated with lower concentrations of several fucosylated and sialylated HMOs and infants born to women with obesity had lower intakes of these HMOs. Maternal BMI was positively associated with lacto-N-neotetraose, 3-fucosyllactose, 3-sialyllactose and 6-sialyllactose and negatively associated with disialyllacto-N-tetraose, disialyllacto-N-hexaose, fucodisialyllacto-N-hexaose and total acidic HMOs concentrations at 2 M. Infant intakes of 3-fucosyllactose, 3-sialyllactose, 6-sialyllactose, disialyllacto-N-tetraose, disialyllacto-N-hexaose, and total acidic HMOs were positively associated with infant growth over the first 6 M of life. Maternal obesity is associated with changes in HMO concentrations that are associated with infant adiposity