Quantifying Factors That Influence Road Deicer Retention and Export in a Multi-Landuse Upstate New York Watershed

Chloride contamination of streams and groundwater has become a prevalent issue throughout urbanizing areas in the last half century, particularly in northern latitudes where deicing salts are applied to roadways. This study determined how deicer impacted runoff disperses through sub-urban and urban areas on seasonal and multi-year scales. Chloride concentration changes were then modelled under varying pollutant loading scenarios through an integrated catchment model (INCA-Cl). Six in-stream conductivity/stage/temperature sondes, recording at 15-minute intervals, were installed within the small (~9.6 km2) Fuler Hollow Creek multi-landuse watershed in Broome County NY and monitored over a 1-year period. Weekly grab samples were taken at each sonde site and analyzed for dissolved cations and anions to help interpret the sensor results. Data from these sensors and local weather stations were used as inputs to the INCA-Cl model. Conductivity and Discharge measurements from stream sondes were used to construct a concentration/discharge hysteresis model of six storm events to determine seasonal variability in stream pollutant source. Results from weekly Fall and Spring stream and groundwater grab samples from 2006–2016 were used in conjunction with the model results to interpret long term trends. Stream response to storm events was found to be dependent on season as well as amount of impervious surface. In contrast to the urban locations, sub-urban sites did not have an initial increase in total dissolved solids (TDS) before dilution during summer and fall runoff events and had overall smaller TDS increases from winter and spring de-icer flushing events, as well as slower discharge response times. TDS of stream water within the watershed showed increasing concentrations over the 10-year period that cannot be solely accounted for by an increase in impervious surface, thus suggesting an accumulation of deicers in groundwater as well. These observations are consistent with seasonal cation and anion data which suggests baseflow composition retains elevated de-icer levels year-round in parts of the watershed. Concentration/Discharge (C/Q) hysteresis models indicate groundwater is the dominant pollutant source in non-salting seasons compared to surface water being the dominant source in salting seasons. Response to storm events was also influenced by land use in addition to season. INCA-Cl was able to model seasonal discharge and chloride trends within Fuller Hollow Creek under variable loading conditions throughout the study period. However, chloride increases from individual deicer flushing events could not be accurately replicated with the model. By quantifying and understanding the effects of road salting practices on variable land use areas, better estimates of chloride export and retention can be developed in order to protect salt sensitive freshwater ecosystems

Monitoring phases and phase transitions in phosphatidylethanolamine monolayers using active interfacial microrheology

This is the published version. Copyright 2015 Royal Society of ChemistryActive interfacial microrheology is a sensitive tool to detect phase transitions and headgroup order in phospholipid monolayers. The re-orientation of a magnetic nickel nanorod is used to explore changes in the surface rheology of 1,2-dilauroyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine (DLPE) and 1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine (DMPE), which differ by two CH2 groups in their alkyl chains. Phosphatidylethanolamines such as DLPE and DMPE are a major component of cell membranes in bacteria and in the nervous system. At room temperature, DLPE has a liquid expanded (LE) phase for surface pressure, Π < ∼38 mN m−1; DMPE has an LE phase for Π < ∼7 mN m−1. In their respective LE phases, DLPE and DMPE show no measurable change in surface viscosity with Π, consistent with a surface viscosity <10−9 N s m−1, the resolution of our technique. However, there is a measurable, discontinuous change in the surface viscosity at the LE to liquid condensed (LC) transition for both DLPE and DMPE. This discontinuous change is correlated with a significant increase in the surface compressibility modulus (or isothermal two-dimensional bulk modulus). In the LC phase of DMPE there is an exponential increase in surface viscosity with Π consistent with a two-dimensional free area model. The second-order LC to solid (S) transition in DMPE is marked by an abrupt onset of surface elasticity; there is no measurable elasticity in the LC phase. A measurable surface elasticity in the S phase suggests a change in the molecular ordering or interactions of the DMPE headgroups that is not reflected in isotherms or in grazing incidence X-ray diffraction. This onset of measurable elasticity is also seen in DLPE, even though no indication of a LC–S transition is visible in the isotherms

Role of voglibose in prevention of type 2 diabetes in established case of impaired glucose tolerance: an observation study

Background: The increased prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus is a major concern for the health providers. We have done an observation study in the diagnosed IGT patient who received α-glucosidase inhibitor (voglibose), which could prevent the development of type 2 diabetes in high-risk individuals.Methods: This study was an observational study comprising of voglibose and placebo in individuals with impaired glucose tolerance.66 eligible patients were on the standard diet and taking regular exercise with impaired glucose tolerance were randomly assigned to oral voglibose 0.2 mg three times a day (n=66) or placebo (n=60) in this study. Treatment was continued until participants developed type 2 diabetes (primary endpoint) or normoglycaemia (secondary endpoint).In the final analysis, 66 registered individuals fulfilled the inclusion criteria: 36 were randomly assigned to receive voglibose and 30 placebos (two participants in the placebo group did not take their medication and were excluded). Results: The mean duration of treatment was 48.3 weeks (SD: 36.4), i.e., 45.4 weeks (34.7) for voglibose and 51.7 weeks (37.4) for placebo. Voglibose was better than placebo (p= 0.0024) in individuals treated for an average of 48.3 weeks (SD 36.4). Patients treated with voglibose had a lower risk of progression to type 2 diabetes than did those on placebo. More people in the voglibose group achieved normoglycaemia than did those in the placebo group.Conclusion: Voglibose, in addition to lifestyle modification, can reduce the development of type 2 diabetes in high risk individuals with impaired glucose tolerance.

A facile analytical method for reliable selectivity examination in cofactor NADH regeneration

This work was supported by The Royal Society (ICA\R1\180317 and IES\R3\170162).Peer reviewedPublisher PD

Assessment of eight HPV vaccination programs implemented in lowest income countries

BACKGROUND: Cervix cancer, preventable, continues to be the third most common cancer in women worldwide, especially in lowest income countries. Prophylactic HPV vaccination should help to reduce the morbidity and mortality associated with cervical cancer. The purpose of the study was to describe the results of and key concerns in eight HPV vaccination programs conducted in seven lowest income countries through the Gardasil Access Program (GAP). METHODS: The GAP provides free HPV vaccine to organizations and institutions in lowest income countries. The HPV vaccination programs were entirely developed, implemented and managed by local institutions. Institutions submitted application forms with institution characteristics, target population, communication delivery strategies. After completion of the vaccination campaign (3 doses), institutions provided a final project report with data on doses administered and vaccination models. Two indicators were calculated, the program vaccination coverage and adherence. Qualitative data were also collected in the following areas: government and community involvement; communication, and sensitization; training and logistics resources, and challenges. RESULTS: A total of eight programs were implemented in seven countries. The eight programs initially targeted a total of 87,580 girls, of which 76,983 received the full 3-dose vaccine course, with mean program vaccination coverage of 87.8%; the mean adherence between the first and third doses of vaccine was 90.9%. Three programs used school-based delivery models, 2 used health facility-based models, and 3 used mixed models that included schools and health facilities. Models that included school-based vaccination were most effective at reaching girls aged 9-13 years. Mixed models comprising school and health facility-based vaccination had better overall performance compared with models using just one of the methods. Increased rates of program coverage and adherence were positively correlated with the number of vaccination sites. Qualitative key insights from the school models showed a high level of coordination and logistics to facilitate vaccination administration, a lower risk of girls being lost to follow-up and vaccinations conducted within the academic year limit the number of girls lost to follow-up. CONCLUSION: Mixed models that incorporate both schools and health facilities appear to be the most effective at delivering HPV vaccine. This study provides lessons for development of public health programs and policies as countries go forward in national decision-making for HPV vaccination

Phenomena Conflict, Anxiety, and Depression for Cancer Survivor One Year and After Have Therapy in General Hospital

Introduction. Psychosocial distress emerges in cancer disease. This research explores experience of conflict, anxiety, and depression in one year cancer survivor. Methods. Data were collected through in-depth semi structured interviews with fifteen participants when seeking treatment at a public hospital in Bandung. Result. There nine themes emerge: anxiety about cancer\u27s spread and recurrence, changing relationships with a partner, \u27labeling\u27 from oneself and others, physical discomfort along treatment, psychological discomfort along treatment, self-concept, religious/spiritual, hiding diagnose and complain, and deficit information about cancer. But, four themes among were not characterized with conflict, anxiety, and depression. Conflict, anxiety, and depression impact condition of the client cancer. Discussion. Experience of conflict, anxiety, and depression became the basis for the development of management system service and provision of facilities for integrated mental health nursing therapy

NADH Regeneration : A Case Study of Pt-catalyzed NAD+ Reduction with H2

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS: This work was supported by The Royal Society (ICA\R1\180317).Peer reviewedPostprin

Repositioning of Drugs Using Open-Access Data Portal DTome: A Test Case with Probenecid (Review)

The one gene-one enzyme hypothesis, first introduced by Beadle and Tatum in the 1940s and based on their genetic analysis and observation of phenotype changes in Neurospora crassa challenged by various experimental conditions, has witnessed significant advances in recent decades. Much of our understanding of the association between genes and their phenotype expression has benefited from the completion of the human genome project, and has shown continual transformation guided by the effort directed at the annotation and characterization of human genes. Similarly, the idea of one drug‑one primary disease indication that traditionally has been the benchmark for the labeling and usage of drugs has also undergone evident progressive refinements; in recent years the science and practice of pharmaceutical development has notable success in the strategy of drug repurposing. Drug repurposing is an innovative approach where, instead of de novo synthesis and discovery of new drugs with novel indications, drug candidates with the desired usage are identified by a process of re‑profiling using an open‑source database or knowledge of known or failed drugs already in existence. In the present study, the repurposing drug strategy employing open‑access data portal drug‑target interactome (DTome) is applied to the uncovering of new clinical usage for probenecid

Assessing the environmental performance of NADH regeneration methods : A cleaner process using recyclable Pt/Fe3O4 and hydrogen

This work was supported by The Royal Society (IES\R3\170162 and RG150001) and The Binks Trust (1225).Peer reviewedPostprin