La Société des Observateurs de l’Homme (1799-1804). Des anthropologues au temps de Bonaparte

La publication de la thèse de Jean-Luc Chappey sur la Société des Observateurs de l’homme met à la disposition du public un important travail sur l’histoire d’une société mythique. Cet ouvrage très documenté aborde enfin un sujet qui, jusqu’à présent, n’avait pas mérité l’attention détaillée des historiens. Comme l’auteur l’explique longuement au début de son ouvrage, la Société des Observateurs de l’homme est pour l’anthropologie et la philosophie française de l’époque moderne le lieu des or..

La Société des Observateurs de l’Homme (1799-1804). Des anthropologues au temps de Bonaparte

La publication de la thèse de Jean-Luc Chappey sur la Société des Observateurs de l’homme met à la disposition du public un important travail sur l’histoire d’une société mythique. Cet ouvrage très documenté aborde enfin un sujet qui, jusqu’à présent, n’avait pas mérité l’attention détaillée des historiens. Comme l’auteur l’explique longuement au début de son ouvrage, la Société des Observateurs de l’homme est pour l’anthropologie et la philosophie française de l’époque moderne le lieu des or..

La médecine constitutive de la nouvelle science de l’homme : Cabanis

Dès le premier mémoire des Rapports du physique et du moral de l’homme – son œuvre somme – Cabanis désigne la  comme le point d’aboutissement de sa réflexion. Il indique que cette science est semblable à un arbre dont les branches seraient la physiologie, l’analyse des idées et la morale. En étudiant la manière dont Cabanis envisage ces différentes formes de savoir, il apparaît que la médecine – synonyme de physiologie – est non seulement la porte d’accès privilégiée à la connaissance de l’homme, mais qu’elle est aussi l’autre nom de la science de l’homme. Pour comprendre ceci il faut, d’une part, se reporter à la thèse centrale des Rapports… qui pose l’identité du physique et du moral et, d’autre part, à la manière dont Cabanis conçoit l’homme, être plastique dont la maladie fait ressortir des aspects particuliers, permettant par là de les observer et de les étudier.Medicine as a constituent of the new Science of the Man : CabanisIn his first treatise and magnum opus, the Rapports du physique et du moral de l’homme, P. J. G. Cabanis identifies the «science of man» as the final outcome of his thinking. He points out that this science resembles a tree whose branches are physiology, the analysis of ideas and morality. A study of the manner in which Cabanis envisioned these different branches of knowledge reveals that medecine – synonimous with physiology – is not only the portal through which an understanding of man is possible, but also another name for the science of man. To understand this, it is necessary to refer on the one hand to the central thesis of the Rapports which posits the identity of the physical and the moral, and on the other, to the way Cabanis conceives of man, as a plastic being whose specific features emerge through disease and can then be observed and investigated

La Société des Observateurs de l’Homme (1799-1804). Des anthropologues au temps de Bonaparte

La publication de la thèse de Jean-Luc Chappey sur la Société des Observateurs de l’homme met à la disposition du public un important travail sur l’histoire d’une société mythique. Cet ouvrage très documenté aborde enfin un sujet qui, jusqu’à présent, n’avait pas mérité l’attention détaillée des historiens. Comme l’auteur l’explique longuement au début de son ouvrage, la Société des Observateurs de l’homme est pour l’anthropologie et la philosophie française de l’époque moderne le lieu des or..

Introduction

L’ambition de ce dossier est à la fois d’affirmer l’importance de la réception de l’œuvre de Pierre Jean Georges Cabanis durant toute la première moitié du XIXe siècle, et de montrer que, tant dans le domaine philosophique que médical, psychophysiologique plus précisément, la lecture des Rapports du physique et du moral de l’homme a été déterminante pour la construction d’une nouvelle science de l’homme. L’importance de cette réception n’est en soi guère contestable. Rappelons en guise d’illu..

Enfrentando e prevenindo a violência escolar : desenvolvimento e avaliação de uma intervenção com professores

Orientador: Prof. Dr. Josafá Moreira da CunhaDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor de Educação, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação. Defesa : Curitiba, 30/03/2017Inclui referências: p. 72-83Resumo: A vitimização entre pares e o bullying são graves problemas que atingem as instituições escolares, gerando consequências negativas para alunos e professores. Pesquisas nacionais relatam altos índices de agressões entre estudantes brasileiros do segundo ciclo do ensino fundamental. Contudo, ainda são incipientes o investimento em pesquisas com alunos do primeiro ciclo e o investimento em intervenções. Assim sendo, o objetivo deste estudo foi desenvolver e avaliar uma intervenção com professores voltada para a modificação das crenças e da percepção de autoeficácia sobre bullying e para redução da vitimização envolvendo estudantes do Ensino Fundamental I. A intervenção consistiu em um curso de seis horas de duração, sobre estratégias de prevenção e enfrentamento ao bullying e a agressão entre estudantes. Participaram da pesquisa 36 professoras, 51 turmas, totalizando 1154 alunos de 3.º ao 5.º ano do ensino fundamental de escolas públicas, de período integral do município de Curitiba/PR. Para a avaliação da intervenção, os estudantes responderam a escala de vitimização e agressão entre pares (EVAP) em três períodos do ano letivo e as professoras responderam dois questionários, um que avaliou as estratégias docentes diante da vitimização e outro que investigou as crenças sobre bullying e vitimização. Os questionários foram respondidos em dois momentos: pré e pós-intervenção. Análises descritivas e inferências foram realizadas. Os resultados apontaram uma mudança significativa nos escores da percepção de autoeficácia e crenças normativas das docentes. Em relação às estratégias de intervenção diante de cenários de vitimização entre pares, relatadas por docentes antes da intervenção, a categoria dialogar foi apontada como a mais favorável para a utilização e, após a intervenção, a categoria acompanhar foi a mais indicada. Já a categoria ignorar foi a que os docentes demostraram ser a menos favorável, antes e após a intervenção. Os resultados do questionário dos alunos revelaram a trajetória de vitimização ao longo do ano letivo, mostrando que a média de vitimização do grupo de intervenção na última coleta de dados foi menor que a média do grupo controle. Já a média de agressão direta e agressão relacional, na última coleta de dados, foi menor no grupo controle. Os resultados apontaram uma baixa frequência de comportamentos de vitimização e agressão entre os estudantes já na primeira coleta de dados. Em relação à comparação da média de vitimização no ano letivo, as análises não apontaram uma diferença significativa entre os escores do grupo de intervenção (A e B) em relação ao grupo controle (C), ao longo do ano letivo (T1, T2, T3), em nenhuma das três categorias analisadas: agressão direta, agressão relacional e vitimização. Em relação ao gênero foram encontradas diferenças significativas, apontando, principalmente, que meninos sofreram mais agressão relacional e direta do que as meninas, ao longo do ano. Os dados enfatizam a mudança na percepção dos professores sobre o bullying e a vitimização entre pares e uma redução de vitimização e agressão ao longo do ano letivo, sem diferenças significativas entre grupo de intervenção e controle. Palavras-chave: vitimização entre pares; bullying, formação de professores; intervenção.Abstract: Pair victimization and bullying are dangerous problems that affect schools, bringing many negative consequences to students and teachers. Researches have indicated high levels of aggression among brazilian students from the secondary school (2º ciclo do ensino fundamental). However, the investments in interventions and researches among students from primary school are still insufficient. Therefore, this study aimed to develop and evaluate a teacher intervention focused on the modification of beliefs; perception of self-efficacy and to the reduction of victimization among primary school students (Ensino Fundamental I). The intervention consisted on a six-hour course, about confronting and preventing bullying as well as the aggression between students. 36 female teachers have participated on the research, from 51 full-time classes of public schools (third to fifth grade), resulting into an amount of 1154 students, from Curitiba-PR. To the intervention evaluation, the students answered to the victimization and pair victimization (EVAP) questionnaire three times and the teachers answered two questionnaires: one evaluating their strategies used in face of victimization and the other analyzing their beliefs about bullying and victimization. These questionnaires were answered in two differents moments: pre and post-intervention. Descriptive analysis and inferences were also developed. The results pointed out a significant change in the beliefs and in self-efficacy perception scores'. In relation to the strategies of intervention in peer victimization, the teachers were more likely to dialogue in the pre-intervention questionnaire, and in the post-intervention, they were more likely to follow-up as a strategy. Ignoring the situation was the strategy less reported. Meanwhile, the students questionnaire brought to light the victimization throughout the school year. The results shown that the average amount of victimization was lower in the intervention group than that in the control group. The average in direct or relational aggression were lower in the control group, however. The results also pointed out that in the first data collection, there were a low frequency of victimization among students. Throughout the school year there was no significant difference between the scores of the intervention group (A,B) and the control group (C), in none of the three categories analyzed: direct aggression, relational aggression and victimization. Regarding to gender, significant differences were found, mostly boys that suffered more relational aggression than girls. The data collected emphasizes a change in teacher's perception about bullying and victimization in order to reduce bullying and peer victimization throughout the year, with no significant differences between the intervention and the control group. Keyword: peer victimization; bullying, teachers training, interventio

Knockdown of insulin receptor substrate 1 reduces proliferation and downregulates Akt/mTOR and MAPK pathways in K562 cells

BCR-ABL kinase activates downstream signaling pathways, including the PI3K-Akt/mTOR and the MAPK pathway. IRS1 has been previously described as constitutively phosphorylated and associated with BCR-ABL in K562 cells, suggesting that IRS1 has role in the BCR-ABL signaling pathways. in this study, we analyzed the effect of IRS1 silencing, by shRNA-lentiviral delivery, in K562 cells, a CML cell line that presents the BCR-ABL. IRS1 silencing decreased cell proliferation and colony formation in K562 cells, which correlates with the delay of these cells at the G0/G1 phase and a decrease in the S phase of the cell cycle. Furthermore, IRS1 silencing in K562 cells resulted in a decrease of Akt, P70S6K and ERK1/2 phosphorylation. Nevertheless, apoptosis was unaffected by IRS1 knockdown and no alterations were found in the phosphorylation of BAD and in the expression of BCL2 and BAX. BCR-ABL and CRKL phosphorylation levels remained unaffected upon IRS1 silencing, and no synergistic effect was observed with imatinib treatment and IRS1 knockdown, indicating that IRS1 is downstream from BCR-ABL in conclusion, we demonstrated that inhibition of IRS1 is capable of inducing the downregulation of Akt/mTOR and MAPK pathways and further decreasing proliferation, and clonogenicity and induces to cell cycle delay at G0/G1 phase in BCR-ABL cells. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Univ Estadual Campinas, Hematol & Hemotherapy Ctr, UNICAMP, Hemoctr,Inst Nacl Ciencia & Tecnol Sangue, BR-13083878 Campinas, SP, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Dept Biol Sci, São Paulo, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Dept Biol Sci, São Paulo, BrazilWeb of Scienc

H-Shaped Eight-Element Dual-Band MIMO Antenna for Sub-6 GHz 5G Smatphone Applications

The design of an eight-element H-shaped dual-band multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antenna system for sub-6 GHz fifth-generation (5G) smartphone applications is presented in this work. The radiating elements are designed on the side edge frame of the smartphone, placed on both sides of the main printed circuit board (PCB). Each side edge consists of four radiating elements, which ensures low mutual coupling between antenna elements. The total size of the main PCB is 150×75 mm 2 , while the size of the side edge frame is 150×7 mm 2 . A single antenna consists of an H-shaped radiating element fed using a 50Ω microstrip feeding line designed on the main board of the smartphone. The results show that, according to −6 dB impedance bandwidth criteria, the designed MIMO antenna radiates at two different frequency ranges within the allocated 5G spectrums, i.e., 3.1–3.78 GHz and 5.43–6.21 GHz with 680 MHz and 780 MHz bandwidths, respectively. It is also observed that the antenna elements are able to provide pattern diversity for both the frequency bands. Furthermore, an isolation of >12 dB is observed between any two given radiating elements. Numerous MIMO critical performance characteristics are assessed, including diversity gain (DG), envelope correlation coefficient (ECC), and channel capacity (CC). A prototype is built, measured, and it is observed that the measured and simulated data correspond well. On the basis of performance characteristics, it can be claimed that the suggested MIMO system may be used in 5G communication networks.Dr. Mohammad Alibakhshikenari acknowledges support from the CONEX-Plus programme funded by Universidad Carlos III de Madrid and the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant agreement No. 801538

Geopolymer concrete: effect of husk ash to compression and its microstructure properties

This research focuses on determination of cement-free geopolymer concrete capacity as an alternative to Ordinary Portland Cement concrete (OPC) for in-situ casting and the effect of utilizing waste material in polymeric concrete. pulverized fuel ash (PFA) is used as the main constituent and MIRHA as replacement by 0%, 3%, 5% and 7%. Sodium hydroxide and sodium silicate solution are used as alkali activators of silica (Si) and aluminium (Al) in main binders while sugar is added to delay the setting time of the polymeric concrete. The polymeric concrete samples are exposed to three different curing regimes namely hot gunny sack curing, ambient temperature curing and external exposure curing. Compressive strength test is carried out in 3, 7, 28 and 56 days to identify the strength of the polymeric concrete. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) analysis is done to ascertain the microstructure properties of the produced polymeric concrete

Identification of protein-coding and non-coding RNA expression profiles in CD34+ and in stromal cells in refractory anemia with ringed sideroblasts

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) are a group of clonal hematological disorders characterized by ineffective hematopoiesis with morphological evidence of marrow cell dysplasia resulting in peripheral blood cytopenia. Microarray technology has permitted a refined high-throughput mapping of the transcriptional activity in the human genome. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) transcribed from intronic regions of genes are involved in a number of processes related to post-transcriptional control of gene expression, and in the regulation of exon-skipping and intron retention. Characterization of ncRNAs in progenitor cells and stromal cells of MDS patients could be strategic for understanding gene expression regulation in this disease.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>In this study, gene expression profiles of CD34⁺cells of 4 patients with MDS of refractory anemia with ringed sideroblasts (RARS) subgroup and stromal cells of 3 patients with MDS-RARS were compared with healthy individuals using 44 k combined intron-exon oligoarrays, which included probes for exons of protein-coding genes, and for non-coding RNAs transcribed from intronic regions in either the sense or antisense strands. Real-time RT-PCR was performed to confirm the expression levels of selected transcripts.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>In CD34⁺cells of MDS-RARS patients, 216 genes were significantly differentially expressed (q-value ≤ 0.01) in comparison to healthy individuals, of which 65 (30%) were non-coding transcripts. In stromal cells of MDS-RARS, 12 genes were significantly differentially expressed (q-value ≤ 0.05) in comparison to healthy individuals, of which 3 (25%) were non-coding transcripts.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>These results demonstrated, for the first time, the differential ncRNA expression profile between MDS-RARS and healthy individuals, in CD34⁺cells and stromal cells, suggesting that ncRNAs may play an important role during the development of myelodysplastic syndromes.</p