34 research outputs found
Stress tensor fluctuations in de Sitter spacetime
The two-point function of the stress tensor operator of a quantum field in de
Sitter spacetime is calculated for an arbitrary number of dimensions. We assume
the field to be in the Bunch-Davies vacuum, and formulate our calculation in
terms of de Sitter-invariant bitensors. Explicit results for free minimally
coupled scalar fields with arbitrary mass are provided. We find long-range
stress tensor correlations for sufficiently light fields (with mass m much
smaller than the Hubble scale H), namely, the two-point function decays at
large separations like an inverse power of the physical distance with an
exponent proportional to m^2/H^2. In contrast, we show that for the massless
case it decays at large separations like the fourth power of the physical
distance. There is thus a discontinuity in the massless limit. As a byproduct
of our work, we present a novel and simple geometric interpretation of de
Sitter-invariant bitensors for pairs of points which cannot be connected by
geodesics.Comment: 35 pages, 4 figure
Moving constraints as stabilizing controls in classical mechanics
The paper analyzes a Lagrangian system which is controlled by directly
assigning some of the coordinates as functions of time, by means of
frictionless constraints. In a natural system of coordinates, the equations of
motions contain terms which are linear or quadratic w.r.t.time derivatives of
the control functions. After reviewing the basic equations, we explain the
significance of the quadratic terms, related to geodesics orthogonal to a given
foliation. We then study the problem of stabilization of the system to a given
point, by means of oscillating controls. This problem is first reduced to the
weak stability for a related convex-valued differential inclusion, then studied
by Lyapunov functions methods. In the last sections, we illustrate the results
by means of various mechanical examples.Comment: 52 pages, 4 figure
Hilbert Expansion from the Boltzmann equation to relativistic Fluids
We study the local-in-time hydrodynamic limit of the relativistic Boltzmann
equation using a Hilbert expansion. More specifically, we prove the existence
of local solutions to the relativistic Boltzmann equation that are nearby the
local relativistic Maxwellian constructed from a class of solutions to the
relativistic Euler equations that includes a large subclass of near-constant,
non-vacuum fluid states. In particular, for small Knudsen number, these
solutions to the relativistic Boltzmann equation have dynamics that are
effectively captured by corresponding solutions to the relativistic Euler
equations.Comment: 50 page
Conformal Transformations in Cosmology of Modified Gravity: the Covariant Approach Perspective
The 1+3 covariant approach and the covariant gauge-invariant approach to
perturbations are used to analyze in depth conformal transformations in
cosmology. Such techniques allow us to obtain very interesting insights on the
physical content of these transformations, when applied to non-standard
gravity. The results obtained lead to a number of general conclusions on the
change of some key quantities describing any two conformally related
cosmological models. In particular, it is shown that the physics in the
Einstein frame has characteristics which are completely different from those in
the Jordan frame. Even if some of the geometrical properties of the cosmology
are preserved (homogeneous and isotropic Universes are mapped into homogeneous
and isotropic universes), it can happen that decelerating cosmologies are
mapped into accelerated ones. Differences become even more pronounced when
first-order perturbations are considered: from the 1+3 equations it is seen
that first-order vector and tensor perturbations are left unchanged in their
structure by the conformal transformation, but this cannot be said of the
scalar perturbations, which include the matter density fluctuations. Behavior
in the two frames of the growth rate, as well as other evolutionary features,
like the presence or absence of oscillations, etc., appear to be different too.
The results obtained are then explicitly interpreted and verified with the help
of some clarifying examples based on -gravity cosmologies.Comment: 26 pages, 8 figure
Energy and Momentum Densities Associated with Solutions Exhibiting Directional Type Singularities
We obtain the energy and momentum densities of a general static axially
symmetric vacuum space-time described by the Weyl metric, using Landau-Lifshitz
and Bergmann-Thomson energy-momentum complexes. These two definitions of the
energy-momentum complex do not provide the same energy density for the
space-time under consideration, while give the same momentum density. We show
that, in the case of Curzon metric which is a particular case of the Weyl
metric, these two definitions give the same energy only when .
Furthermore, we compare these results with those obtained using Einstein,
Papapetrou and M{\o}ller energy momentum complexes.Comment: 10 pages, references added, minor corrections [Admin note:
substantial overlap with gr-qc/0403097 , gr-qc/0403039
The Irish Rover: Phil Lynott and the Search for Identity
Phil Lynott, the lead singer of the rock band Thin Lizzy, was a complex character. An illegitimate black child who grew up in a working-class, Catholic district of Dublin, Ireland in the 1950s, Lynott spent his life searching for a sense of belonging, something which he explored through rock and roll. This study uses Lynott’s song lyrics to investigate his quest for identity. In particular, it identifies the many recurring themes and archetypes in his music that offered multifaceted self-portraits of his internal conflict between being black, Irish, illegitimate, a rockstar, a Lothario, a son, a father, and a husband, all at the same time
Fragmento de una obra inacabada: obra vernal
Fragments of an unfinished play: a vernal play = Fragmento de una obra inacabada: obra vernal / translated by Brian Hughes and Francisco Javier Torres Ribelle