Beyond Wigner's isobaric multiplet mass equation: Effect of charge-symmetry-breaking interaction and Coulomb polarization

The quadratic form of the isobaric multiplet mass equation (IMME), which was originally suggested by Wigner and has been generally regarded as valid, is seriously questioned by recent high-precision nuclear mass measurements. The usual resolution to this problem is to add empirically the cubic and quartic $T_z$-terms to characterize the deviations from the IMME, but finding the origin of these terms remains an unsolved difficulty. Based on a strategy beyond the Wigner's first-order perturbation, we derive explicitly the cubic and quartic $T_z$-terms. These terms are shown to be generated by the effective charge-symmetry breaking and charge-independent breaking interactions in nuclear medium combined with the Coulomb polarization effect. Calculations for the $sd$- and lower $fp$-shells explore a systematical emergence of the cubic $T_z$-term, suggesting a general deviation from the original IMME. Intriguingly, the magnitude of the deviation exhibits an oscillation-like behavior with mass number, modulated by the shell effect.Comment: 13 pages, 4 figure

Whole lung lavage combined with Granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor inhalation for an adult case of refractory pulmonary alveolar proteinosis

BACKGROUND: Whole-lung lavage (WLL) is classically the first-line treatment for symptomatic pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (PAP). However, some patients require multiple WLLs because of refractory nature of their PAP. In this instance, these patients may benefit from new treatment regimens, and new therapies should be tried for these patients. CASE PRESENTATION: We describe a 47-year-old Chinese woman who was confidently diagnosed with pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (PAP) after bronchoalveolar lavage and transbronchial lung biopsy. The patient received four sessions of bilateral whole lung lavage (WLL) and one session of WLL in combination with plasmapheresis, each only producing short-term symptomatic relief. The patient was given a trial of combination therapy, which consisted of WLL and Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) inhalation. The patient showed a gradual improvement in oxygenation and her daily activity, as well as a dramatic improvement in her pulmonary CT examination. CONCLUSION: Bilateral WLL, in combination with GM-CSF inhalation, may be an effective treatment option for severe refractory PAP

Analysis of fracture mode transformation mechanism and mechanical model of rock strata with different thicknesses

The deformation, fracture, and movement mode of rock strata are greatly related to underground pressure, surface subsidence, etc. The fracture modes of the thin rock stratum and thick rock stratum are significantly different. How to uniformly describe the fracture modes of rock strata with different thicknesses and establish a mechanical model is a difficult theoretical problem in rock movement. In this paper, the fracture structures of mining strata in 23 typical working faces are investigated. In addition, the fracture mechanical factors and movement modes of the rock stratum are classified based on fracture mechanics, and the relationship between fracture structure and rock stratum thickness is analyzed. Based on the medium-thick plate theory, the fracture mechanical model of rock strata with different thicknesses is established. The fracture mechanical mechanism and fracture mode of rock strata with different thicknesses are revealed, and the corresponding criteria are given. The breakage and movement laws of rock strata with different thicknesses and fracture modes in the mining process are analyzed by numerical simulation. The research shows that when different mining conditions and different stress boundary conditions act on rock strata with different thicknesses, different fracture modes will occur. With the increase of the rock strata thickness, the shear stress of rock strata increases continuously, and the fracture mechanical mechanism of rock stratum presents the evolution law of tensile fracture, tensile shear fracture, and shear fracture. Also, the corresponding rock mass structures are masonry beam structure, layered fracture, and step voussoir beam respectively. Moreover, the statistical data show that the rock layers with a thickness span ratio greater than 0.5 are more prone to occur shear fractures and form step voussoir beams. Based on the above analysis, a mixed fracture model is proposed aiming at the possible tension shear failure of thick rock strata, and the rock fracture mechanical factors are further subdivided into three types: tensile fracture, tensile shear fracture, and shear fracture. There are seven types of fracture modes in rock strata in total. Tensile fracture often occurs in a thin layer, which will change to a shear fracture when the fault appears. Tensile fracture, tensile shear fracture, and shear fracture are typically fracture modes in a thick layer, in which tensile shear mixed fracture is divided into end tensile shear mixed fracture, layered linkage movement, and layered uncoordinated movement. Further research on the fracture modes of rock strata can provide valuable theoretical support for the control of ground pressure and the prevention of surface subsidence hazards in mining

Online scheduling on a single machine with one restart for all jobs to minimize the weighted makespan

In this paper, we consider the online scheduling problem on a single machine to minimize the weighted makespan. In this problem, all jobs arrive over time and they are allowed to be restarted only once. For the general case when the processing times of all jobs are arbitrary, we show that there is no online algorithm with a competitive ratio of less than 2, which matches the lower bound of the problem without restart. That is, only one restart for all jobs is invalid for improving the competitive ratio in the general case. For the special case when all jobs have the same processing time, we present the best possible online algorithm with a competitive ratio of 1.4656, which improves the competitive ratio of $\frac{1+\sqrt{5}}{2}\approx1.618$ for the problem without restart

41-Azido-41-de­oxy­rapamycin

The title compound, C51H78N4O12, is a derivative of rapamycin, a triene macrolide anti­biotic mol­ecule isolated from Streptomyces hygroscopicus. The macrocyclic ring structure has 15 chiral centres, with one of the substituent hy­droxy groups giving an intra­molecular hydrogen bond to a ketone O-atom acceptor. The mol­ecules also form inter­molecular hy­droxy–ketone O—H⋯O hydrogen-bonding associations, giving one-dimensional chains extending along (010). The crystal has 108 Å3 solvent-accessible voids

Electroplating lithium transition metal oxides.

Materials synthesis often provides opportunities for innovation. We demonstrate a general low-temperature (260°C) molten salt electrodeposition approach to directly electroplate the important lithium-ion (Li-ion) battery cathode materials LiCoO2, LiMn2O4, and Al-doped LiCoO2. The crystallinities and electrochemical capacities of the electroplated oxides are comparable to those of the powders synthesized at much higher temperatures (700° to 1000°C). This new growth method significantly broadens the scope of battery form factors and functionalities, enabling a variety of highly desirable battery properties, including high energy, high power, and unprecedented electrode flexibility