New Insights Into Legacy Phosphorus From Fractionation of Streambed Sediment

Streambed and lake sediment was studied in Savjaan, a eutrophic mesoscale catchment (722 km(2)) in central Sweden. Triplicate sediment cores from five lakes and nine streams, ranging from headwater to fourth order, were sampled. The sediment was analyzed with a sequential extraction method, where six different phosphorus (P) fractions were measured. The results showed that streambed sediments store considerable amounts of P and in some cases have comparable P contents (g/kg DW) to lake sediment. Land use, soil type, and drainage area (location in the catchment) had a significant effect on the different P fractions found in surficial sediments. Sediment from lakes and forested headwater streams generally had high proportions of organic P and iron bound P. In larger streams located in agricultural areas on clay soils closer to the catchment outlet, with dense sediment and a relatively low proportion of organic matter, P was to a larger extent bound to calcium. Streambed sediment may be an important catchment scale P store and should be considered when modeling catchment P dynamics. The large stores of streambed legacy P should also be considered when performing ditch maintenance to avoid unnecessary mobilization of bioavailable P

Water Quality Monitoring: A comparative case study of municipal and Curtin Sarawak’s lake samples

In this study, particle size distribution and zeta potential of the suspended particles in municipal water and lake surface water of Curtin Sarawak's lake were compared and the samples were analysed using dynamic light scattering method. High concentration of suspended particles affects the water quality as well as suppresses the aquatic photosynthetic systems. A new approach has been carried out in the current work to determine the particle size distribution and zeta potential of the suspended particles present in the water samples. The results for the lake samples showed that the particle size ranges from 180nm to 1345nm and the zeta potential values ranges from -8.58 mV to -26.1 mV. High zeta potential value was observed in the surface water samples of Curtin Sarawak's lake compared to the municipal water. The zeta potential values represent that the suspended particles are stable and chances of agglomeration is lower in lake water samples. Moreover, the effects of physico-chemical parameters on zeta potential of the water samples were also discussed

Summer CO2 evasion from streams and rivers in the Kolyma River basin, north-east Siberia

Inland water systems are generally supersaturated in carbon dioxide (CO2) and are increasingly recognized as playing an important role in the global carbon cycle. The Arctic may be particularly important in this respect, given the abundance of inland waters and carbon contained in Arctic soils; however, a lack of trace gas measurements from small streams in the Arctic currently limits this understanding.We investigated the spatial variability of CO2 evasion during the summer low-flow period from streams and rivers in the northern portion of the Kolyma River basin in north-eastern Siberia. To this end, partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO2) and gas exchange velocities (k) were measured at a diverse set of streams and rivers to calculate CO2 evasion fluxes. We combined these CO2 evasion estimates with satellite remote sensing and geographic information system techniques to calculate total areal CO2 emissions. Our results show that small streams are substantial sources of atmospheric CO2 owing to high pCO2 and k, despite being a small portion of total inland water surface area. In contrast, large rivers were generally near equilibrium with atmospheric CO2. Extrapolating our findings across the Panteleikha-Ambolikha sub-watersheds demonstrated that small streams play a major role in CO2 evasion, accounting for 86% of the total summer CO2 emissions from inland waters within these two sub-watersheds. Further expansion of these regional CO2 emission estimates across time and space will be critical to accurately quantify and understand the role of Arctic streams and rivers in the global carbon budget

Coastal groundwater discharge – an additional source of phosphorus for the oligotrophic wetlands of the Everglades

In this manuscript we define a new term we call coastal groundwater discharge (CGD), which is related to submarine groundwater discharge (SGD), but occurs when seawater intrudes inland to force brackish groundwater to discharge to the coastal wetlands. A hydrologic and geochemical investigation of both the groundwater and surface water in the southern Everglades was conducted to investigate the occurrence of CGD associated with seawater intrusion. During the wet season, the surface water chemistry remained fresh. Enhanced chloride, sodium, and calcium concentrations, indicative of brackish groundwater discharge, were observed in the surface water during the dry season. Brackish groundwaters of the southern Everglades contain 1–2.3μM concentrations of total phosphorus (TP). These concentrations exceed the expected values predicted by conservative mixing of local fresh groundwater and intruding seawater, which both have TPμM. The additional source of TP may be from seawater sediments or from the aquifer matrix as a result of water–rock interactions (such as carbonate mineral dissolution and ion exchange reactions) induced by mixing fresh groundwater with intruding seawater. We hypothesize that CGD maybe an additional source of phosphorus (a limiting nutrient) to the coastal wetlands of the southern Everglades

Variations in the NBN/NBS1 gene and the risk of breast cancer in non-BRCA1/2 French Canadian families with high risk of breast cancer

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The Nijmegen Breakage Syndrome is a chromosomal instability disorder characterized by microcephaly, growth retardation, immunodeficiency, and increased frequency of cancers. Familial studies on relatives of these patients indicated that they also appear to be at increased risk of cancer.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>In a candidate gene study aiming at identifying genetic determinants of breast cancer susceptibility, we undertook the full sequencing of the <it>NBN </it>gene in our cohort of 97 high-risk non-<it>BRCA1 </it>and -<it>BRCA2 </it>breast cancer families, along with 74 healthy unrelated controls, also from the French Canadian population. <it>In silico </it>programs (ESEfinder, NNSplice, Splice Site Finder and MatInspector) were used to assess the putative impact of the variants identified. The effect of the promoter variant was further studied by luciferase gene reporter assay in MCF-7, HEK293, HeLa and LNCaP cell lines.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Twenty-four variants were identified in our case series and their frequency was further evaluated in healthy controls. The potentially deleterious p.Ile171Val variant was observed in one case only. The p.Arg215Trp variant, suggested to impair NBN binding to histone γ-H2AX, was observed in one breast cancer case and one healthy control. A promoter variant c.-242-110delAGTA displayed a significant variation in frequency between both sample sets. Luciferase reporter gene assay of the promoter construct bearing this variant did not suggest a variation of expression in the MCF-7 breast cancer cell line, but indicated a reduction of luciferase expression in both the HEK293 and LNCaP cell lines.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Our analysis of <it>NBN </it>sequence variations indicated that potential <it>NBN </it>alterations are present, albeit at a low frequency, in our cohort of high-risk breast cancer cases. Further analyses will be needed to fully ascertain the exact impact of those variants on breast cancer susceptibility, in particular for variants located in <it>NBN </it>promoter region.</p

Elemental Composition of Natural Nanoparticles and Fine Colloids in European Forest Stream Waters and Their Role as Phosphorus Carriers

"This is the peer reviewed version of the following article: Gottselig, N., W. Amelung, J. W. Kirchner, R. Bol, W. Eugster, S. J. Granger, C. Hernández-Crespo, et al. 2017. Elemental Composition of Natural Nanoparticles and Fine Colloids in European Forest Stream Waters and Their Role as Phosphorus Carriers. Global Biogeochemical Cycles 31 (10). American Geophysical Union (AGU): 1592 1607. doi:10.1002/2017gb005657, which has been published in final form at https://doi.org/10.1002/2017GB005657. This article may be used for non-commercial purposes in accordance with Wiley Terms and Conditions for Self-Archiving."[EN] Biogeochemical cycling of elements largely occurs in dissolved state, but many elements may also be bound to natural nanoparticles (NNP, 1-100 nm) and fine colloids (100-450 nm). We examined the hypothesis that the size and composition of stream water NNP and colloids vary systematically across Europe. To test this hypothesis, 96 stream water samples were simultaneously collected in 26 forested headwater catchments along two transects across Europe. Three size fractions (similar to 1-20 nm, >20-60 nm, and >60 nm) of NNP and fine colloids were identified with Field Flow Fractionation coupled to inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry and an organic carbon detector. The results showed that NNP and fine colloids constituted between 2 +/- 5% (Si) and 53 +/- 21% (Fe; mean +/- SD) of total element concentrations, indicating a substantial contribution of particles to element transport in these European streams, especially for P and Fe. The particulate contents of Fe, Al, and organic C were correlated to their total element concentrations, but those of particulate Si, Mn, P, and Ca were not. The fine colloidal fractions >60 nm were dominated by clay minerals across all sites. The resulting element patterns of NNP <60 nm changed from North to South Europe from Fe-to Ca-dominated particles, along with associated changes in acidity, forest type, and dominant lithology.The authors gratefully acknowledge the assistance of the following people in locating suitable sampling sites, contacting site operators, performing the sampling, and providing data: A. Avila Castells (Autonomous University of Barcelona), R. Batalla (University of Lleida), P. Blomkvist (Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences), H. Bogena (Julich Research Center), A.K. Boulet (University of Aveiro), D. Estany (University of Lleida), F. Garnier (French National Institute of Agricultural Research), H.J. Hendricks-Franssen (Research Center Julich), L. JacksonBlake (James Hutton Institute, NIVA), T. Laurila (Finnish Meteorological Institute), A. Lindroth (Lund University), M.M. Monerris (Universitat Politecnica de Valencia), M. Ottosson Lofvenius (Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences), I. Taberman (Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences), F. Wendland (Research Center Julich), T. Zetterberg (Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences and The Swedish Environmental Research Institute, IVL) and further unnamed contributors. The Swedish Infrastructure for Ecosystem Science (SITES) and the Swedish Integrated Monitoring, the latter financed by the Swedish Environmental Protection Agency, and ICOS Sweden have supported sampling and provided data for the Swedish sites. J.J.K. gratefully acknowledges the support from CESAM (UID/AMB/50017/2013), funded by the FCT/MCTES (PIDDAC) with cofunding by FEDER through COMPETE. N.G. gratefully acknowledges all those who contributed to organizing and implementing the continental sampling. The raw data can be found at http://hdl.handle.net/2128/14937. This project was partly funded by the German Research Foundation (DFG KL2495/1-1).Gottselig, N.; Amelung, W.; Kirchner, J.; Bol, R.; Eugster, W.; Granger, S.; Hernández Crespo, C.... (2017). Elemental Composition of Natural Nanoparticles and Fine Colloids in European Forest Stream Waters and Their Role as Phosphorus Carriers. Global Biogeochemical Cycles. 31(10):1592-1607. https://doi.org/10.1002/2017GB005657S159216073110Baken, S., Moens, C., van der Grift, B., & Smolders, E. (2016). Phosphate binding by natural iron-rich colloids in streams. Water Research, 98, 326-333. doi:10.1016/j.watres.2016.04.032Baken, S., Regelink, I. C., Comans, R. N. J., Smolders, E., & Koopmans, G. F. (2016). Iron-rich colloids as carriers of phosphorus in streams: A field-flow fractionation study. Water Research, 99, 83-90. doi:10.1016/j.watres.2016.04.060Benedetti, M. F., Van Riemsdijk, W. H., Koopal, L. K., Kinniburgh, D. G., Gooddy, D. C., & Milne, C. J. (1996). Metal ion binding by natural organic matter: From the model to the field. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 60(14), 2503-2513. doi:10.1016/0016-7037(96)00113-5Binkley, D., Ice, G. G., Kaye, J., & Williams, C. A. (2004). NITROGEN AND PHOSPHORUS CONCENTRATIONS IN FOREST STREAMS OF THE UNITED STATES. Journal of the American Water Resources Association, 40(5), 1277-1291. doi:10.1111/j.1752-1688.2004.tb01586.xBishop, K., Buffam, I., Erlandsson, M., Fölster, J., Laudon, H., Seibert, J., & Temnerud, J. (2008). Aqua Incognita: the unknown headwaters. Hydrological Processes, 22(8), 1239-1242. doi:10.1002/hyp.7049Bol, R., Julich, D., Brödlin, D., Siemens, J., Kaiser, K., Dippold, M. A., … Hagedorn, F. (2016). Dissolved and colloidal phosphorus fluxes in forest ecosystems-an almost blind spot in ecosystem research. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science, 179(4), 425-438. doi:10.1002/jpln.201600079Buffle, J., & Leppard, G. G. (1995). Characterization of Aquatic Colloids and Macromolecules. 2. Key Role of Physical Structures on Analytical Results. Environmental Science & Technology, 29(9), 2176-2184. doi:10.1021/es00009a005Celi, L., & Barberis, E. (s. f.). Abiotic stabilization of organic phosphorus in the environment. Organic phosphorus in the environment, 113-132. doi:10.1079/9780851998220.0113Dahlqvist, R., Benedetti, M. F., Andersson, K., Turner, D., Larsson, T., Stolpe, B., & Ingri, J. (2004). Association of calcium with colloidal particles and speciation of calcium in the Kalix and Amazon rivers. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 68(20), 4059-4075. doi:10.1016/j.gca.2004.04.007Darch, T., Blackwell, M. S. A., Hawkins, J. M. B., Haygarth, P. M., & Chadwick, D. (2014). A Meta-Analysis of Organic and Inorganic Phosphorus in Organic Fertilizers, Soils, and Water: Implications for Water Quality. Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology, 44(19), 2172-2202. doi:10.1080/10643389.2013.790752Dynesius, M., & Nilsson, C. (1994). Fragmentation and Flow Regulation of River Systems in the Northern Third of the World. Science, 266(5186), 753-762. doi:10.1126/science.266.5186.753Erickson, H. P. (2009). Size and Shape of Protein Molecules at the Nanometer Level Determined by Sedimentation, Gel Filtration, and Electron Microscopy. Biological Procedures Online, 11(1), 32-51. doi:10.1007/s12575-009-9008-xEspinosa, M., Turner, B. L., & Haygarth, P. M. (1999). Preconcentration and Separation of Trace Phosphorus Compounds in Soil Leachate. Journal of Environmental Quality, 28(5), 1497-1504. doi:10.2134/jeq1999.00472425002800050015xFernández-Martínez, M., Vicca, S., Janssens, I. A., Sardans, J., Luyssaert, S., Campioli, M., … Peñuelas, J. (2014). Nutrient availability as the key regulator of global forest carbon balance. Nature Climate Change, 4(6), 471-476. doi:10.1038/nclimate2177Giddings, J., Yang, F., & Myers, M. (1976). Flow-field-flow fractionation: a versatile new separation method. Science, 193(4259), 1244-1245. doi:10.1126/science.959835Gimbert, L. J., Andrew, K. N., Haygarth, P. M., & Worsfold, P. J. (2003). Environmental applications of flow field-flow fractionation (FIFFF). TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry, 22(9), 615-633. doi:10.1016/s0165-9936(03)01103-8Gottselig, N., Bol, R., Nischwitz, V., Vereecken, H., Amelung, W., & Klumpp, E. (2014). Distribution of Phosphorus-Containing Fine Colloids and Nanoparticles in Stream Water of a Forest Catchment. Vadose Zone Journal, 13(7), vzj2014.01.0005. doi:10.2136/vzj2014.01.0005Gottselig, N., Nischwitz, V., Meyn, T., Amelung, W., Bol, R., Halle, C., … Klumpp, E. (2017). Phosphorus Binding to Nanoparticles and Colloids in Forest Stream Waters. Vadose Zone Journal, 16(3), vzj2016.07.0064. doi:10.2136/vzj2016.07.0064Hagedorn , A. G. 2006 EG-Sicherheitsdatenblatt (Gemäß 2001/58/EG)Hart, B. T., Douglas, G. B., Beckett, R., Van Put, A., & Van Grieken, R. E. (1993). Characterization of colloidal and particulate matter transported by the magela creek system, Northern Australia. Hydrological Processes, 7(1), 105-118. doi:10.1002/hyp.3360070111Hassellöv, M., Lyvén, B., Haraldsson, C., & Sirinawin, W. (1999). Determination of Continuous Size and Trace Element Distribution of Colloidal Material in Natural Water by On-Line Coupling of Flow Field-Flow Fractionation with ICPMS. Analytical Chemistry, 71(16), 3497-3502. doi:10.1021/ac981455yHassellov, M., & von der Kammer, F. (2008). Iron Oxides as Geochemical Nanovectors for Metal Transport in Soil-River Systems. Elements, 4(6), 401-406. doi:10.2113/gselements.4.6.401Hens, M., & Merckx, R. (2001). Functional Characterization of Colloidal Phosphorus Species in the Soil Solution of Sandy Soils. Environmental Science & Technology, 35(3), 493-500. doi:10.1021/es0013576Hill, D. M., & Aplin, A. C. (2001). Role of colloids and fine particles in the transport of metals in rivers draining carbonate and silicate terrains. Limnology and Oceanography, 46(2), 331-344. doi:10.4319/lo.2001.46.2.0331Jarvie, H. P., Neal, C., Rowland, A. P., Neal, M., Morris, P. N., Lead, J. R., … Hockenhull, K. (2012). Role of riverine colloids in macronutrient and metal partitioning and transport, along an upland–lowland land-use continuum, under low-flow conditions. Science of The Total Environment, 434, 171-185. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2011.11.061Jiang, X., Bol, R., Nischwitz, V., Siebers, N., Willbold, S., Vereecken, H., … Klumpp, E. (2015). Phosphorus Containing Water Dispersible Nanoparticles in Arable Soil. Journal of Environmental Quality, 44(6), 1772-1781. doi:10.2134/jeq2015.02.0085Kögel-Knabner, I., & Amelung, W. (2014). Dynamics, Chemistry, and Preservation of Organic Matter in Soils. Treatise on Geochemistry, 157-215. doi:10.1016/b978-0-08-095975-7.01012-3Krám, P., Hruška, J., & Shanley, J. B. (2012). Streamwater chemistry in three contrasting monolithologic Czech catchments. Applied Geochemistry, 27(9), 1854-1863. doi:10.1016/j.apgeochem.2012.02.020Lyvén, B., Hassellöv, M., Turner, D. R., Haraldsson, C., & Andersson, K. (2003). Competition between iron- and carbon-based colloidal carriers for trace metals in a freshwater assessed using flow field-flow fractionation coupled to ICPMS. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 67(20), 3791-3802. doi:10.1016/s0016-7037(03)00087-5Marschner, B., & Kalbitz, K. (2003). Controls of bioavailability and biodegradability of dissolved organic matter in soils. Geoderma, 113(3-4), 211-235. doi:10.1016/s0016-7061(02)00362-2Martin, J.-M., Dai, M.-H., & Cauwet, G. (1995). Significance of colloids in the biogeochemical cycling of organic carbon and trace metals in the Venice Lagoon (Italy). Limnology and Oceanography, 40(1), 119-131. doi:10.4319/lo.1995.40.1.0119Mattsson, T., Kortelainen, P., Laubel, A., Evans, D., Pujo-Pay, M., Räike, A., & Conan, P. (2009). Export of dissolved organic matter in relation to land use along a European climatic gradient. Science of The Total Environment, 407(6), 1967-1976. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2008.11.014Missong, A., Bol, R., Willbold, S., Siemens, J., & Klumpp, E. (2016). Phosphorus forms in forest soil colloids as revealed by liquid-state31P-NMR. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science, 179(2), 159-167. doi:10.1002/jpln.201500119Montalvo, D., Degryse, F., & McLaughlin, M. J. (2015). Natural Colloidal P and Its Contribution to Plant P Uptake. Environmental Science & Technology, 49(6), 3427-3434. doi:10.1021/es504643fNeubauer, E., Köhler, S. J., von der Kammer, F., Laudon, H., & Hofmann, T. (2013). Effect of pH and Stream Order on Iron and Arsenic Speciation in Boreal Catchments. Environmental Science & Technology, 47(13), 7120-7128. doi:10.1021/es401193jNeubauer, E., v.d. Kammer, F., & Hofmann, T. (2011). Influence of carrier solution ionic strength and injected sample load on retention and recovery of natural nanoparticles using Flow Field-Flow Fractionation. Journal of Chromatography A, 1218(38), 6763-6773. doi:10.1016/j.chroma.2011.07.010Nischwitz, V., & Goenaga-Infante, H. (2012). Improved sample preparation and quality control for the characterisation of titanium dioxide nanoparticles in sunscreens using flow field flow fractionation on-line with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry, 27(7), 1084. doi:10.1039/c2ja10387gRan, Y., Fu, J. ., Sheng, G. ., Beckett, R., & Hart, B. . (2000). Fractionation and composition of colloidal and suspended particulate materials in rivers. Chemosphere, 41(1-2), 33-43. doi:10.1016/s0045-6535(99)00387-2Regelink, I. C., Koopmans, G. F., van der Salm, C., Weng, L., & van Riemsdijk, W. H. (2013). Characterization of Colloidal Phosphorus Species in Drainage Waters from a Clay Soil Using Asymmetric Flow Field-Flow Fractionation. Journal of Environmental Quality, 42(2), 464-473. doi:10.2134/jeq2012.0322Regelink, I. C., Voegelin, A., Weng, L., Koopmans, G. F., & Comans, R. N. J. (2014). Characterization of Colloidal Fe from Soils Using Field-Flow Fractionation and Fe K-Edge X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy. Environmental Science & Technology, 48(8), 4307-4316. doi:10.1021/es405330xRegelink, I. C., Weng, L., & van Riemsdijk, W. H. (2011). The contribution of organic and mineral colloidal nanoparticles to element transport in a podzol soil. Applied Geochemistry, 26, S241-S244. doi:10.1016/j.apgeochem.2011.03.114RICHARDSON, C. J. (1985). Mechanisms Controlling Phosphorus Retention Capacity in Freshwater Wetlands. Science, 228(4706), 1424-1427. doi:10.1126/science.228.4706.1424Roth , C. 2011 Sicherheitsdatenblatt Gemäß Verordnung (EG) Nr. 1907/2006 RepSchmitt, D., Taylor, H. E., Aiken, G. R., Roth, D. A., & Frimmel, F. H. (2002). Influence of Natural Organic Matter on the Adsorption of Metal Ions onto Clay Minerals. Environmental Science & Technology, 36(13), 2932-2938. doi:10.1021/es010271pSix, J., Elliott, E. T., & Paustian, K. (1999). Aggregate and Soil Organic Matter Dynamics under Conventional and No-Tillage Systems. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 63(5), 1350-1358. doi:10.2136/sssaj1999.6351350xStolpe, B., Guo, L., Shiller, A. M., & Hassellöv, M. (2010). Size and composition of colloidal organic matter and trace elements in the Mississippi River, Pearl River and the northern Gulf of Mexico, as characterized by flow field-flow fractionation. Marine Chemistry, 118(3-4), 119-128. doi:10.1016/j.marchem.2009.11.007Tipping, E., & Hurley, M. . (1992). A unifying model of cation binding by humic substances. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 56(10), 3627-3641. doi:10.1016/0016-7037(92)90158-fTombácz, E., Libor, Z., Illés, E., Majzik, A., & Klumpp, E. (2004). The role of reactive surface sites and complexation by humic acids in the interaction of clay mineral and iron oxide particles. Organic Geochemistry, 35(3), 257-267. doi:10.1016/j.orggeochem.2003.11.002Trostle, K. D., Ray Runyon, J., Pohlmann, M. A., Redfield, S. E., Pelletier, J., McIntosh, J., & Chorover, J. (2016). Colloids and organic matter complexation control trace metal concentration-discharge relationships in Marshall Gulch stream waters. Water Resources Research, 52(10), 7931-7944. doi:10.1002/2016wr019072U.S. Department of Agriculture 1993 Soil survey manual, chapter 3. Selected chemical propertiesVitousek, P. (1982). Nutrient Cycling and Nutrient Use Efficiency. The American Naturalist, 119(4), 553-572. doi:10.1086/283931Wells, M. L., & Goldberg, E. D. (1991). Occurrence of small colloids in sea water. Nature, 353(6342), 342-344. doi:10.1038/353342a0Wen, L.-S., Santschi, P., Gill, G., & Paternostro, C. (1999). Estuarine trace metal distributions in Galveston Bay: importance of colloidal forms in the speciation of the dissolved phase. Marine Chemistry, 63(3-4), 185-212. doi:10.1016/s0304-4203(98)00062-0Zirkler, D., Lang, F., & Kaupenjohann, M. (2012). «Lost in filtration»—The separation of soil colloids from larger particles. Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, 399, 35-40. doi:10.1016/j.colsurfa.2012.02.02