L’immagine della martire Giulia in San Salvatore di Brescia: mobilità di maestranze, di materiali e di idee

From the tenth century the figure of Julia, the Carthaginian martyr venerated in San Salvatore of Brescia, becomes central in the self-consciousness of the monastery: this is the time when the first documentary sources of the dedication to the saint are found and when the big and refined workshops are called to decorate, through different ways, the most important spaces of the abbey, and this is the moment on which the memory of martyrdom, with the drafting of a new passio, is recovered. The story of the life of Julia, the wanderings of the holy body (between the ports of the Corsica and of the Tuscany, and than to Brescia) and the identification of her martyrdom with that of Christ, become a powerful tool of self-representation of the monastic community of Benedictine nuns; this allows the construction of an unprecedented hagiographic model that enables to the cloister to choose the use of lot of prestigious workshops that make the building yard of Brescia one of the most interesting for the rest of the Middle Ages

Cloister iconography and liturgical areas: the case of Saint Mary of Zadar

Gli ambienti della vita claustrale sono stati adattati nel corso dei secoli alle esigenze primarie della vita comunitaria, ai suoi ritmi e alle sue funzioni. Lo stesso vale per gli ambienti liturgici, modellati in base alle esigenze del culto e della preghiera comune dei singoli monaci; immagini, altari e arredi non solo abbellivano artisticamente gli spazi di culto, ma erano soprattutto funzionali all\u27incontro dei monaci con Dio. Tuttavia, alcuni elementi e devozioni, come l\u27atrio, il coro, le cappelle, o il culto della croce e della memoria dei defunti, assunsero un valore simbolico e un\u27importanza rituale tali da modificare la percezione e l\u27articolazione degli spazi stessi. Seguire questo sviluppo, come il caso di Santa Maria di Zara, aiuta a comprendere l\u27architettura monastica al servizio dell\u27Opus Dei nell\u27 Europa cristiana, anche dopo il Medioevo.The premises involved in cloistered life have been adapted over the centuries to meet the primary needs of community life, its rhythms and functions. The same applies to liturgical environments, which were modelled according to requirements for common worship and prayer by individual monks; images, altars and furnishings not only embellished the areas of worship artistically, they were mainly functional for the monks’ meeting with God. However, some elements and devotions, such as the atrium, the choir, the chapels, or the worship of the cross and the memory of the deceased, took on such a symbolic value and ritual importance as to change the perception and articulation of the areas themselves. Following this development, like the case of St. Mary of Zadar, helps lead to an understanding of monastic architecture in the service of Opus Dei in Christian Europe, even after the Middle Ages

L’immagine della martire Giulia in San Salvatore di Brescia: mobilità di maestranze, di materiali e di idee

From the tenth century the figure of Julia, the Carthaginian martyr venerated in San Salvatore of Brescia, becomes central in the self-consciousness of the monastery: this is the time when the first documentary sources of the dedication to the saint are found and when the big and refined workshops are called to decorate, through different ways, the most important spaces of the abbey, and this is the moment on which the memory of martyrdom, with the drafting of a new passio, is recovered. The story of the life of Julia, the wanderings of the holy body (between the ports of the Corsica and of the Tuscany, and than to Brescia) and the identification of her martyrdom with that of Christ, become a powerful tool of self-representation of the monastic community of Benedictine nuns; this allows the construction of an unprecedented hagiographic model that enables to the cloister to choose the use of lot of prestigious workshops that make the building yard of Brescia one of the most interesting for the rest of the Middle Ages

Papiri della Società Italiana. Vol. XVII

This XVII volume of the PSI series includes the edition of 62 texts, all preserved on papyri belonging to the Papyrological Institute “G. Calves”. Fragments of known authors offer passages from Homer, Herodotus, Xenophon, Demosthenes, Diodorus Siculus, as well as the Acts of the Apostles, Gregory of Nyssa and Basil of Caesarea; some fragments of erudite prose stand out among the masterless texts. The paraliterary texts include, in addition to two astronomical fragments, a lexicon and two Homeric glossaries. There is a wide range of documentary texts, both official and private: reports, requests, contracts, certificates, declarations, accounts, letters

Association of kidney disease measures with risk of renal function worsening in patients with type 1 diabetes

Background: Albuminuria has been classically considered a marker of kidney damage progression in diabetic patients and it is routinely assessed to monitor kidney function. However, the role of a mild GFR reduction on the development of stage 653 CKD has been less explored in type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) patients. Aim of the present study was to evaluate the prognostic role of kidney disease measures, namely albuminuria and reduced GFR, on the development of stage 653 CKD in a large cohort of patients affected by T1DM. Methods: A total of 4284 patients affected by T1DM followed-up at 76 diabetes centers participating to the Italian Association of Clinical Diabetologists (Associazione Medici Diabetologi, AMD) initiative constitutes the study population. Urinary albumin excretion (ACR) and estimated GFR (eGFR) were retrieved and analyzed. The incidence of stage 653 CKD (eGFR < 60 mL/min/1.73 m2) or eGFR reduction > 30% from baseline was evaluated. Results: The mean estimated GFR was 98 \ub1 17 mL/min/1.73m2 and the proportion of patients with albuminuria was 15.3% (n = 654) at baseline. About 8% (n = 337) of patients developed one of the two renal endpoints during the 4-year follow-up period. Age, albuminuria (micro or macro) and baseline eGFR < 90 ml/min/m2 were independent risk factors for stage 653 CKD and renal function worsening. When compared to patients with eGFR > 90 ml/min/1.73m2 and normoalbuminuria, those with albuminuria at baseline had a 1.69 greater risk of reaching stage 3 CKD, while patients with mild eGFR reduction (i.e. eGFR between 90 and 60 mL/min/1.73 m2) show a 3.81 greater risk that rose to 8.24 for those patients with albuminuria and mild eGFR reduction at baseline. Conclusions: Albuminuria and eGFR reduction represent independent risk factors for incident stage 653 CKD in T1DM patients. The simultaneous occurrence of reduced eGFR and albuminuria have a synergistic effect on renal function worsening

Arimannus bishop and the Gregorian Reform in the eastern part of the Brescia’s diocese

Lo scopo di questa ricerca è comprendere come si manifesta il programma della Riforma gregoriana nella circoscrizione bresciana, attraverso un’analisi dettagliata delle chiese romaniche individuate nell’area orientale della diocesi di Brescia. In particolare il lavoro ha cercato di cogliere come il vescovo Arimanno, tra fine XI secolo e inizio XII secolo, attua il progetto, quali soluzioni predilige e quale valore attribuisce alla porzione ad oriente, rispetto al resto della diocesi. L’intento, pertanto, è stato quello di storicizzare il territorio e di evincere dalle tracce lasciate nei monumenti le attività politiche del presule riformatore, proponendo una nuova lettura che si distacca, in parte, dalla tradizione storiografica influenzata dai saggi del maggior studioso che si è occupato del romanico bresciano, Gaetano Panazza.This study examines the realization of the Gregorian Reform in the Brescia territory , through a detailed analysis of the Romanesque churches of the diocese. In particular it tries to point out how the project was carried out by the bishop Arimannus towards the end of the 11th century and the beginning of the 12th , the solutions he preferred and the importance he put on the east side of the diocese above the rest of the area. The aim is to offer a historical reading of the territory and to infer the political activity of the bishop reformer from what traces of it are left on the monuments and buildings of the area. A new interpretation , in part differing from the one given by the most important scholar of Romanesque art in the Brescia territory, Gaetano Panazza, and his followers, is thus proposed