Nitric acid-organic mixtures surveyed for use in separation by anion exchange methods

Column elution-spectrographic analysis technique compares certain solvents directly to the methanol system, using inert rare earths instead of actinides. Distribution ratios for americium between 90 percent solvent, 10 percent 5 M nitric acid and Dowex 1 nitrate form resin for a large group of organics miscible in water was determined

Global search algorithm for optimal control

Random-search algorithm employs local and global properties to solve two-point boundary value problem in Pontryagin maximum principle for either fixed or variable end-time problems. Mixed boundary value problem is transformed to an initial value problem. Mapping between initial and terminal values utilizes hybrid computer

The potential energy of a 40^{40}K Fermi gas in the BCS-BEC crossover

We present a measurement of the potential energy of an ultracold trapped gas of $^{40}$K atoms in the BCS-BEC crossover and investigate the temperature dependence of this energy at a wide Feshbach resonance, where the gas is in the unitarity limit. In particular, we study the ratio of the potential energy in the region of the unitarity limit to that of a non-interacting gas, and in the T=0 limit we extract the universal many-body parameter $\beta$. We find $\beta = -0.54^{+0.05}_{-0.12}$; this value is consistent with previous measurements using $^{6}$Li atoms and also with recent theory and Monte Carlo calculations. This result demonstrates the universality of ultracold Fermi gases in the strongly interacting regime

Odd-parity perturbations of self-similar Vaidya spacetime

We carry out an analytic study of odd-parity perturbations of the self-similar Vaidya space-times that admit a naked singularity. It is found that an initially finite perturbation remains finite at the Cauchy horizon. This holds not only for the gauge invariant metric and matter perturbation, but also for all the gauge invariant perturbed Weyl curvature scalars, including the gravitational radiation scalars. In each case, `finiteness' refers to Sobolev norms of scalar quantities on naturally occurring spacelike hypersurfaces, as well as pointwise values of these quantities.Comment: 28 page

Spectroscopy, Interactions and Level Splittings in Au Nanoparticles

We have measured the electronic energy spectra of nm-scale Au particles using a new tunneling spectroscopy configuration. The particle diameters ranged from 5nm to 9nm, and at low energies the spectrum is discrete, as expected by the electron-in-a-box model. The density of tunneling resonances increases rapidly with energy, and at higher energies the resonances overlap forming broad resonances. Near the Thouless energy, the broad resonances merge into a continuum. The tunneling resonances display Zeeman splitting in a magnetic field. Surprisingly, the g-factors (~0.3) of energy levels in Au nano-particles are much smaller than the g-factor (2.1) in bulk gold

Evolution of the Normal State of a Strongly Interacting Fermi Gas from a Pseudogap Phase to a Molecular Bose Gas

Wave-vector resolved radio frequency (rf) spectroscopy data for an ultracold trapped Fermi gas are reported for several couplings at Tc, and extensively analyzed in terms of a pairing-fluctuation theory. We map the evolution of a strongly interacting Fermi gas from the pseudogap phase into a fully gapped molecular Bose gas as a function of the interaction strength, which is marked by a rapid disappearance of a remnant Fermi surface in the single-particle dispersion. We also show that our theory of a pseudogap phase is consistent with a recent experimental observation as well as with Quantum Monte Carlo data of thermodynamic quantities of a unitary Fermi gas above Tc.Comment: 9 pages, 9 figures. Substantially revised version (to appear in Phys. Rev. Lett.

Britain Says NO: Voting in the AV Ballot Referendum

The purpose of this paper is to explain why voters made the choices that they did in Britains Alternative Vote (AV) referendum on 5 May 2011. The paper utilises four alternative theoretical models to analyse individual voting behaviour. They are described as the cost-benefit, cognitive engagement, heuristics and mobilisation models. The explanatory power of these models is investigated using a large survey data set gathered in the AV referendum study conducted in conjunction with the British Election Study. Multivariate analyses show that all four models contribute to explaining why some people voted in favour of electoral reform, with the cost-benefit model exhibiting particularly strong effects. The conclusion discusses public reactions to the referendum and possible implications of the decisive rejection of electoral reform after a campaign characterised by disaffection and disengagement. © 2011 The Author Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Hansard Society. All rights reserved

Predictors of the successful outcome of one-year survivors of coronary artery bypass surgery

This study was conducted on a South African cohort to establish the actors that may predict the successful outcome of coronary artery bypass surgery when assessed in terms of improved quality of life one year after the surgery. Information was sought on the socio-economic status of patients, their risk-factor profiles and clinical history. From the patient files, information was recorded on left ventricular ejection fraction, number of vessels bypassed, bypass time, and aortic cross-clamp time. The characteristics that were predictive of a successful outcome one year after surgery were identified. Patients in this study represented a high-risk population with multiple risk factors (obese, heavy smokers, hypertensive, hypercholesterolaemic, inactive, family history of heart disease, diabetes, and regular intake of alcohol). Measured medical parameters could not distinguish between the group with an improved quality of life and the group who did not have improved quality of life. One year after CABG all patients with an improved quality of life were men. The additional identified predictor variables for a successful outcome were: being married, patients' height, the knowledge that smoking affects the cardiovascular system, number of years that sporting activities were stopped prior to CABG surgery, a better quality sex life after the operation, acceptance of self-responsibility for rehabilitation, and the spouse knowing the diet the patient should follow. The predictors of a successful outcome at the time of the operation were: being married (OR = 22.6; p = 0.02); taller than 170 cm (OR = 15.5; p = 0.01); stopped all sporting activities for a period less than 20 years prior to their surgery (OR 11.4; p = 0.01). We concluded that the outcome of coronary artery bypass surgery could not be predicted on the basis of a medical model that considers exclusively the extent of the patient's disease and associated co-morbidities. Patients should be carefully selected and an intensive post-operative educational intervention should be provided to patients and their spouses/caregivers

Investigation of shock waves in the relativistic Riemann problem: A comparison of viscous fluid dynamics to kinetic theory

We solve the relativistic Riemann problem in viscous matter using the relativistic Boltzmann equation and the relativistic causal dissipative fluid-dynamical approach of Israel and Stewart. Comparisons between these two approaches clarify and point out the regime of validity of second-order fluid dynamics in relativistic shock phenomena. The transition from ideal to viscous shocks is demonstrated by varying the shear viscosity to entropy density ratio $\eta/s$. We also find that a good agreement between these two approaches requires a Knudsen number $Kn < 1/2$.Comment: Version as published in PRC 82, 024910 (2010); 16 pages, 16 figures, typos correcte