3,442 research outputs found
Examining electron-boson coupling using time-resolved spectroscopy
Nonequilibrium pump-probe time domain spectroscopies can become an important
tool to disentangle degrees of freedom whose coupling leads to broad structures
in the frequency domain. Here, using the time-resolved solution of a model
photoexcited electron-phonon system we show that the relaxational dynamics are
directly governed by the equilibrium self-energy so that the phonon frequency
sets a window for "slow" versus "fast" recovery. The overall temporal structure
of this relaxation spectroscopy allows for a reliable and quantitative
extraction of the electron-phonon coupling strength without requiring an
effective temperature model or making strong assumptions about the underlying
bare electronic band dispersion.Comment: 23 pages, 4 figures + Supplementary Material and movies, to appear in
PR
Overview of crew member energy expenditure during Shuttle Flight 61-8 EASE/ACCESS task performance
The energy expenditure of the Shuttle Flight 61-B crewmembers during the extravehicular performance of Experimental Assembly of Structures in EVA (EASE) and Assembly Concept of Construction of Space Structures (ACCESS) construction system tasks are reported. These data consist of metabolic rate time profiles correlated with specific EASE and ACCESS tasks and crew comments. Average extravehicular activity metabolic rates are computed and compared with those reported from previous Apollo, Shylab, and Shuttle flights. These data reflect total energy expenditure and not that of individual muscle groups such as hand and forearm. When correlated with specific EVA tasks and subtasks, the metabolic profile data is expected to be useful in planning future EVA protocols. For example, after experiencing high work rates and apparent overheating during some Gemini EVAs, it was found useful to carefully monitor work rates in subsequent flights to assess the adequacy of cooling garments and as an aid to preplanning EVA procedures. This presentation is represented by graphs and charts
Larval Specialization and Phenotypic Variation in Arctopsyche-Grandis (Trichoptera, Hydropsychidae)
Life history, trophic dynamics, abundance, and microdistribution of Arctopsyche grandis (Banks) were investigated in the Flathead River Basin, Montana. Two morphologically and ecological distinct larvae (Type I, with a head stripe and Type II, without a head stripe) were found throughout the drainage except in lower order streams. Type II larvae grew more rapidly and attained a larger size in final instar than Type I larvae. In areas where A. grandis biomass was greatest, Type I larvae were \u3e10 times as abundant as Type II larvae. Type II larvae selected microhabitats characterized by larger interstitial spaces; Type I larvae were more common in tightly compacted substrata. Food items consumed by both larval phenotypes varied between sites, indicating a natural variability in the environment. Significant differences in foods ingested were also observed between larval types within particular riverine locations, suggesting phenotypic differentiation in food habits. Larvae of both phenotypes were reared in laboratory streams. Type I were both male and female, but all Type II were female. We concluded that the presence of Type II larvae increased resource utilization and species fitness
Spectroscopic confirmation of a galaxy cluster associated with 7C1756+6520 at z=1.416
We present spectroscopic follow-up of an overdensity of galaxies
photometrically selected to be at 1.4<z<2.5 found in the vicinity of the radio
galaxy 7C1756+6520 at z=1.4156. Using the DEIMOS optical multi-object
spectrograph on the Keck 2 telescope, we observed a total of 129 BzK-selected
sources, comprising 82 blue, star-forming galaxy candidates (sBzK) and 47 red,
passively-evolving galaxy candidates (pBzK*), as well as 11 mid-infrared
selected AGN candidates. We obtain robust spectroscopic redshifts for 36 blue
galaxies, 7 red galaxies and 9 AGN candidates. Assuming all foreground
interlopers were identified, we find that only 16% (9%) of the sBzK (pBzK*)
galaxies are at z<1.4. Therefore, the BzK criteria are shown to be relatively
robust at identifying galaxies at moderate redshifts. Twenty-one galaxies,
including the radio galaxy, four additional AGN candidates and three red galaxy
candidates are found with 1.4156 +/- 0.025, forming a large scale structure at
the redshift of the radio galaxy. Of these, eight have projected offsets <2Mpc
relative to the radio galaxy position and have velocity offsets <1000km/s
relative to the radio galaxy redshift. This confirms that 7C1756+6520 is
associated with a high-redshift galaxy cluster. A second compact group of four
galaxies is found at z~1.437, forming a sub-group offset by Dv~3000km/s and
approximately 1.5' east of the radio galaxy.Comment: 9 pages, 6 figures, 2 tables, accepted for publication in A&A
Color--Luminosity Relations for the Resolved Hot Stellar Populations in the Centers of M 31 and M 32
We present Faint Object Camera (FOC) ultraviolet images of the central
14x14'' of Messier 31 and Messier 32. The hot stellar population detected in
the composite UV spectra of these nearby galaxies is partially resolved into
individual stars, and their individual colors and apparent magnitudes are
measured. We detect 433 stars in M 31 and 138 stars in M 32, down to detection
limits of m_F275W = 25.5 mag and m_F175W = 24.5 mag. We investigate the
luminosity functions of the sources, their spatial distribution, their
color-magnitude diagrams, and their total integrated far-UV flux. Although M 32
has a weaker UV upturn than M 31, the luminosity functions and color-magnitude
diagrams of M 31 and M 32 are surprisingly similar, and are inconsistent with a
majority contribution from any of the following: PAGB stars more massive than
0.56 Msun, main sequence stars, or blue stragglers. Both the the luminosity
functions and color-magnitude diagrams are consistent with a dominant
population of stars that have evolved from the extreme horizontal branch (EHB)
along tracks with masses between 0.47 and 0.53 Msun. These stars are well below
the detection limits of our images while on the zero-age EHB, but become
detectable while in the more luminous (but shorter) AGB-Manque' and post-early
asymptotic giant branch (PEAGB) phases. The FOC observations require that only
a only a very small fraction of the main sequence population (2% in M 31 and
0.5% in M 32) in these two galaxies evolve though the EHB and post-EHB phases,
with the remainder evolving through bright PAGB evolution that is so rapid that
few if any stars are expected in the small field of view covered by the FOC.Comment: 35 pages, Latex. 19 figures. To appear in ApJ. Uses emulateapj.sty
and apjfonts.sty (included). Color plates distributed seperatedly: fig1.jpg
and fig2.jp
Discrete event simulation model for planning Level 2 âstep-downâ bed needs using NEMS
In highly congested hospitals it may be common for patients to overstay at Intensive Care Units (ICU) due to blockages and imbalances in capacity. This is inadequate clinically, as patients occupy a service they no longer need; operationally, as it disrupts flow from upstream units; and financially as ICU beds are more expensive than ward beds. Step-down beds, also known as Level 2 beds, have become an increasingly popular and less expensive alternative to ICU beds to deal with this issue. We developed a discrete event simulation model that estimates Level 2 bed needs for a large university hospital. The model innovates by simulating the entirety of the hospitalâs inpatient flow and most importantly, the ICUâs daily stochastic flows based on a nursing workload scoring metrics called âNine Equivalents of Nursing Manpower Use Scoreâ (NEMS). Using data from a large academic hospital, the model shows the benefits of Level 2 beds in improving both patient flow and costs
Justifying the Special Theory of Relativity with Unconceived Methods
Many realists argue that present scientific theories will not follow the fate of past scientific theories because the former are more successful than the latter. Critics object that realists need to show that present theories have reached the level of success that warrants their truth. I reply that the special theory of relativity has been repeatedly reinforced by unconceived scientific methods, so it will be reinforced by infinitely many unconceived scientific methods. This argument for the special theory of relativity overcomes the criticsâ objection, and has advantages over the no-miracle argument and the selective induction for it
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