Comparison of sodium removal in peritoneal dialysis patients treated by continuous ambulatory and automated peritoneal dialysis

BACKGROUND: Optimal fluid balance for peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients requires both water and sodium removal. Previous studies have variously reported that continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) removes more or equivalent amounts of sodium than automated PD (APD) cyclers. We therefore wished to determine peritoneal dialysate losses with different PD treatments. METHODS: Peritoneal and urinary sodium losses were measured in 24-h collections of urine and PD effluent in patients attending for their first assessment of peritoneal membrane function. We adjusted fluid and sodium losses for CAPD patients for the flush before fill technique. RESULTS: We reviewed the results from 659 patients, mean age 57 ± 16 years, 56.3% male, 38.9% diabetic, 24.0% treated by CAPD, 22.5% by APD and 53.5% APD with a day-time exchange, with icodextrin prescribed to 72.8% and 22.7 g/L glucose to 31.7%. Ultrafiltration was greatest for CAPD 650 (300-1100) vs 337 (103-598) APD p < 0.001, vs 474 (171-830) mL/day for APD with a day exchange. CAPD removed most sodium 79 (33-132) vs 23 (- 2 to 51) APD p < 0.001, and 51 (9-91) for APD with a day exchange, and after adjustment for the CAPD flush before fill 57 (20-113), p < 0.001 vs APD. APD patients with a day exchanged used more hypertonic glucose dialysates [0 (0-5) vs CAPD 0 (0-1) L], p < 0.001. CONCLUSION: CAPD provides greater ultrafiltration and sodium removal than APD cyclers, even after adjusting for the flush-before fill, despite greater hypertonic usage by APD cyclers. Ultrafiltration volume and sodium removal were similar between CAPD and APD with a day fill

Congenital cholesteatoma tract presenting as a postaural swelling

The authors report a case of a three-year old boy, who presented with discharge from the site of a previously excised postaural lesion reported to have been an epidermoid cyst. It was found at operation that he had a fistulous connection between the site of the excised lesion and a congenital cholesteatoma sac in the mastoid bone. This case demonstrates the rare occurrence of congenital cholesteatoma eroding through the mastoid bone to the subcutaneous tissues and mimicking an epidermoid cyst. Such a presentation in a child has not previously been reported in the literature. The clinical, radiological, surgical and histological features of this case are discussed

Memristor Logic versus TTL Logic: A Comparative Design Analysis and Validation

High speed, cost effective, low power, and high density non-volatile memory devices aids as driving force to carry out research in the field of solid state non-volatile memories. Memristor (Memory-Resistor) is a new category of non-CMOS non-volatile memory whose functional operation is manifested itself as the movement of ionic defects in the lattice of a crystalline material. As the name “Memory Resistor” implies that it is a non-volatile random access memory (NVRAM) i.e. it does not lose its data even when the power is switched-off. In this paper, a new model called Voltage Threshold Adaptive Memristor (VTEAM) model is presented in the context of analysing the logic gates made of Memristors .This paper focuses on the parametric variation of the VTEAM model and also on the implementation of the basic logic gates using Memristors as the basic component. On the basis of simulation results, it is observed that the device shows better accuracy and also faster read operation compared to TTL counterpart. As a case study, NAND and XOR gates are implemented and teste

Polypyrrole RVC biofuel cells for powering medical implants

© 2017 IEEE. Batteries for implanted medical devices such as pacemakers typically require surgical replacement every 5 to 10 years causing stress to the patient and their families. A Biofuel cell uses two electrodes with enzymes embedded to convert sugar into electricity. To evaluate the power producing capabilities of biofuel cells to replace battery technology, polypyrrole electrodes were fabricated by compression with Glucose oxidase and Laccase. Vitreous carbon was added to increase the conductivity, whilst glutaraldehyde acted as a crosslinking molecule. A maximum open circuit potential of 558.7 mV, short circuit current of 1.09 mA and maximum power of 0.127 mW was obtained from the fuel cells. This was able to turn on a medical thermometer through a TI BQ25504 energy harvesting circuit, hence showing the powering potential for biomedical devices

Sejarah Dakwah

MANUSIA TIDAK BISA LEPAS DARI SEJARAH KARENA MANUSIA SEBAGAI PELAKU SEJARAH, MEMPELAJARI DAN MENILAI SEJARAH, SERTA MENJADIKAN SEJARAH SEBAGAI CERMIN KEHIDUPAN. Melalui sejarah, setiap orang dapat mengetahui bagaimana perkembangan dan dina-mika manusia lainnya dari abad ke abad, keberhasilan nenek moyangn dalam membangun peradaban dan menciptakan segala sesuatu yang memudahkan generasi berikutnya dalam beraktivitas. Menurut sejarah pula, dunia Islam pernah berhasil membuat fondasi-fondasi ilmu dan peradaban mulai dari kawasan Timur Tengah sampai ke wilayah Turki, Spanyol, dan belahan dunia lainnya. Kedigdayaan perabadan Islam yang begitu tinggi dan menjadi inspirasi bangsa-bangsa di seluruh kawasan, tidak terlepas dari peran dakwah Islam yang dijalankan para dai dalam menyebarkan ajaran Islam ke seantero jagad. Para dai diterima keberadaannya, ajaran yang diperkenalkannya pun begitu mudah dipahami, dan orang yang menerimanya dengan cepat, tidak terpaksa apalagi dengan adanya intimidasi untuk menjadi muslim. Oleh karenanya, penting bagi kita selaku umat Islam untuk terus mempelajari sejarah, termasuk sejarah dakwah Islam. Terlebih lagi dengan kondisi dan situasi sekarang ini yang tiada henti menggoda manusia untuk meninggalkan khitahnya sebagai laki-laki atau pun perempuan. Manusia semakin dininabobokan oleh keindahan dan gemerlapnya dunia sehingga mudah terjerumus pada hedonisme dan perilaku kanibalisme

Logarithmic asymptotics of the densities of SPDEs driven by spatially correlated noise

We consider the family of stochastic partial differential equations indexed by a parameter \eps\in(0,1], \begin{equation*} Lu^{\eps}(t,x) = \eps\sigma(u^\eps(t,x))\dot{F}(t,x)+b(u^\eps(t,x)), \end{equation*} (t,x)\in(0,T]\times\Rd with suitable initial conditions. In this equation, $L$ is a second-order partial differential operator with constant coefficients, $\sigma$ and $b$ are smooth functions and $\dot{F}$ is a Gaussian noise, white in time and with a stationary correlation in space. Let p^\eps_{t,x} denote the density of the law of u^\eps(t,x) at a fixed point (t,x)\in(0,T]\times\Rd. We study the existence of \lim_{\eps\downarrow 0} \eps^2\log p^\eps_{t,x}(y) for a fixed $y\in\R$. The results apply to a class of stochastic wave equations with $d\in\{1,2,3\}$ and to a class of stochastic heat equations with $d\ge1$.Comment: 39 pages. Will be published in the book " Stochastic Analysis and Applications 2014. A volume in honour of Terry Lyons". Springer Verla

Characterization of biomass emissions and potential reduction insmall-scale pellet boiler

6noIn recent years it has been proved that residential biomass combustion has a direct influence on ambient air quality, especially in the case of cereals. The aim of this study is the characterization of the emissions in small-scale fixed-bed pellet boiler (heat output of 25 kW) of beech and corn, and of its potential reduction to an addition of calcium dihydroxide. In the biomass combustion test 7 fuel mixtures were investigated with regard to the particulate content (PM10), gaseous emissions and combustion chamber deposit. The corn kernels tanned with calcium dihydroxide determined a decrease in particulate emissions (54±13 mg MJ− 1) in comparison to corn, whereas in the combustion of corn pellet with 1% calcium dihydroxide high emissions were observed (193±21 mg MJ− 1). With regard to SO2 emissions, the combustion of corn with the additives make a reduction in comparison to additive-free corn.openopenDELL'ANTONIA D.;Pergher G;Cividino SRS;Gubiani R;Cecchini M;Marucci ADell'Antonia, D.; Pergher, G; Cividino, Srs; Gubiani, R; Cecchini, M; Marucci,

Brownian bridges to submanifolds

We introduce and study Brownian bridges to submanifolds. Our method involves proving a general formula for the integral over a submanifold of the minimal heat kernel on a complete Riemannian manifold. We use the formula to derive lower bounds, an asymptotic relation and derivative estimates. We also see a connection to hypersurface local time. This work is motivated by the desire to extend the analysis of path and loop spaces to measures on paths which terminate on a submanifold