PERBANDINGAN EFEKTIVITAS ANTIBIOTIK (CIPROFLOXACIN, CEFOTAXIME, AMPICILIN, CEFTAZIDIME DAN MEROPENEM) TERHADAP BAKTERI STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS PENYEBAB ULKUS DIABETIK DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN METODE KIIRBY-BAUER

ABSTRACT Background. Diabetes mellitus is a degenerative disease characterized by hyperglycemia or excess levels of glucose in the blood that requires proper treatment. Uncontrolled diabetes can lead to various complications, one of which diabetic ulcers. Diabetic ulcers in Indonesia is a problem that can not be managed and often end up with disability and death. Staphylococcus aureus is the bacteria infects the majority of diabetic ulcer patients. Empirical antibiotic that is often used is (ciprofloxacin, cefotaxime, ampicillin, ceftazidime and meropenem) Methods. This research is an experimental laboratory pure, collecting data taken from samples obtained from cultures derived from patients with ulcer diabetic, then made suspension cultures of bacteria Staphylococcus aureus and test the effectiveness of the bacteria in the laboratory with a total sample of 6 patients may be 36 samples obtained 6 times replication. This research uses primary and secondary data sources from the Regional Health laboratory hammer town. Results. The mean of the highest inhibitory zone is meropenem 29 mm (sensitive), ciprofloxacin 27.33 mm (sensitive), ampicillin 19.16 mm (sensitive), cefotaxime 19.5 mm (intermediate), ceftazidime 9 mm (resistant). Conclusion. there are significant differences and no significant differences from each of antibiotic treatment on the growth of Staphylococcus aureus. Where treatment has the highest inhibitory antibiotic meropenem, ciprofloxacin, and ampicillin while treatment had the lowest inhibition is an antibiotic cefotaxime and ceftazidime. Keywords: Diabetic Ulcers, Sensitivity Test, Antibiotics. PERBANDINGAN EFEKTIVITAS ANTIBIOTIK (CIPROFLOXACIN, CEFOTAXIME, AMPICILIN, CEFTAZIDIME DAN MEROPENEM) TERHADAP BAKTERI STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS PENYEBAB ULKUS DIABETIK DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN METODE KIIRBY-BAUER Ni Komang Sri Selvia Ningsih*, Tri Setyawati**, Nur Syamsi*** *Mahasiswa Program Studi Kedokteran, Fakultas Kedokteran dan Ilmu Kesehatan, Universitas Tadulako **Departemen Biokimia Fakultas Kedokteran dan Ilmu Kesehatan, Universitas Tadulako ***Departemen Biokimia Fakultas Kedokteran dan Ilmu Kesehatan, Universitas Tadulako ABSTRAK Latar Belakang. Diabetes melitus merupakan penyakit degeneratif ditandai dengan adanya hiperglikemia atau kelebihan kadar glukosa dalam darah yang memerlukan penanganan tepat. Diabetes melitus yang tidak terkontrol dapat menimbulkan berbagai komplikasi salah satunya yaitu ulkus diabetikum. Ulkus diabetikum di Indonesia merupakan permasalahan yang belum dapat terkelola dengan baik dan sering kali berakhir dengan kecacatan dan kematian. Bakteri Staphylococcus aureus merupakan kuman terbanyak menginfeksi pasien ulkus diabetik. Antibiotik empiris yang sering di gunakan adalah (ciprofloxacin, cefotaxime, ampicilin, ceftazidime dan meropenem). Metode. Penelitian ini bersifat eksperimental laboratorium murni, pengumpulan data diambil dari sampel yang di peroleh dari hasil kultur yang berasal dari pasien ulkus diabetik, kemudian dilakukan suspense biakan bakteri Staphylococcus aureus dan uji efektivitas bakteri di laboratorium dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 6 pasien di dapat 36 sampel di peroleh dari 6 kali replikasi. Penelitian ini menggunakan sumber data primer dan sekunder dari Laboratoriun Kesehatan Daerah kota palu. Hasil. Rerata dari zona hambat tertinggi adalah meropenem 29 mm (sensitive), ciprofloxacin 27,33 mm (sensitive), ampicillin 19,16 mm (sensitive), cefotaxime 19,5 mm (intermediet), ceftazidime 9 mm (resisten). Kesimpulan. terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan dan perbedaan yang tidak signifikan dari tiap perlakuan antibiotik terhadap pertumbuhan bakteri Staphylococcus aureus. Dimana perlakuan yang memiliki daya hambat tertinggi adalah antibiotik meropenem, ciprofloxacin, dan ampicillin sedangkan perlakuan yang memiliki daya hambat terendah adalah antibiotik cefotaxime dan ceftazidime. Kata kunci: Ulkus Diabetik, Uji Sensitivitas, Antibioti

The Discourse Analysis of Islamophobia in the Media Online in Indonesia

Conceptually, Islamophobia is still a debating term. One of facility used for debating Islamophobia is in the media online (Calabrese, 2015). At the other word, it could be an arena where collective definition related to social problems such as Islamophobia could be formed and developed (Bosk & Hilgartner, 1998). Particularly in Indonesia, research on the discourse of Islamophobia in the media is still rare. Meanwhile, as a Muslim-majority country, having known the articulation of Islamophobia in the media is very important. It could be an alternative point of view to the perspective found in the non-Muslim majority countries. An analytical approach to dialogue and nominalization (Siblot, 2003) of the islamophobia concept is conducted in this research by considering the social events, social problems and actors that accompany the Islamophobia news for analyzing two national online media in Indonesia namely detik.com and kompas.com. This research has two main purposes, firstly, to understand the concept of Islamophobia as journalistic work. This is done by focusing on the articulation of the news content, which is the compiled news by a journalist. Second, to understand Islamophobia in a dialogical concept that can be found in the comments given by the readers at each journalistic news. In this case the reformulation and non-reformulation dynamics of Islamophobic articulation by readers based on journalistic news will be part of the analysis in this study

ISARIC-COVID-19 dataset: A Prospective, Standardized, Global Dataset of Patients Hospitalized with COVID-19

The International Severe Acute Respiratory and Emerging Infection Consortium (ISARIC) COVID-19 dataset is one of the largest international databases of prospectively collected clinical data on people hospitalized with COVID-19. This dataset was compiled during the COVID-19 pandemic by a network of hospitals that collect data using the ISARIC-World Health Organization Clinical Characterization Protocol and data tools. The database includes data from more than 705,000 patients, collected in more than 60 countries and 1,500 centres worldwide. Patient data are available from acute hospital admissions with COVID-19 and outpatient follow-ups. The data include signs and symptoms, pre-existing comorbidities, vital signs, chronic and acute treatments, complications, dates of hospitalization and discharge, mortality, viral strains, vaccination status, and other data. Here, we present the dataset characteristics, explain its architecture and how to gain access, and provide tools to facilitate its use