QUANTUM EFFICIENCY OF HYDROXYL RADICAL FORMATION IN A COMPOSITE CONTAINING NANOCRYSTALLINE TIO2 E ZINC PHTHALOCYANINE, AND THE NATURE OF THE INCIDENT RADIATION

In this study, we investigate the generation of hydroxyl radicals mediated by a composite containing TiO2 and 1.6% m/m of zinc phthalocyanine (TiO2/ZnPc) in aqueous suspensions containing methanol as oxidisable substrate. The composite features a specific surface 20% less than the value estimated for TiO2 P25, probably due to the covering of the surface of the oxide by ZnPc and the pH of the isoelectric point of this composite equal of 5.5, about two units of pH lower than the value estimated for TiO2 P25, are probably related to the difference in photocatalytic activity found for these materials. To assess the influence of different spectral bands of electromagnetic radiation on the production of hydroxyl radicals, we used different sources of radiation in experiments conducted to estimate the quantum efficiency of hydroxyl radical formation (HO•), via photocatalytic oxidation of methanol. The association between zinc phthalocyanine and TiO2 has allowed the formation of a light absorber material with absorption spectral range extended to the visible region. Our results suggest that, despite the higher values of FHO• for TiO2 P25, the combination of visible and ultraviolet radiation furnished by a high pressure mercury lamp without the protective bulb, or solar radiation, causes the composite to present good values for the same paramete

Lower Trapezius transfer for chronic retracted cuff tear

Management of massive irreparable posterior- superior rotator cuff tears is very challenging, particularly in patients who are not candidates for reverse shoulder arthroplasty, such as younger patients, or in transfer (LTTT) those with a high level of activities. We report a case of 60 year old, physiologically active male with a chronic massive posterosuperior cuff tear, managed with arthroscopic assisted lower trapezius tendon

INFLUENCE OF INJECTION TIMING ON EMISSION PARAMETERS OF ADELFA BIODIESEL (NERIUM OIL METHYL ESTER – NOME) FUELLED DI CI ENGINE

The reports from various researchers across the world show that, biodiesel obtained from Transesterification process would contribute for the extension of the stock of petroleum fuel. Due to the higher viscosity, raw vegetable oil poses problems, such as clogging of fuel nozzle, starting trouble during winter etc. Hence in this experimental investigation, transesterified Adelfa oil (Nerium Oil Methyl Ester – NOME) is used as the test fuel and the results are compared with diesel fuel. Most of the biodiesel show better results as far as the emission parameters are concerned. A kirloskar SV1 model single cylinder, constant speed water cooled engine is used in the experimental setup. In this experimental work, the injection timing is retarded and advanced by 3o, from manufacturer set value of 27o before Top Dead Centre (bTDC). The various emission parameters chosen are hydrocarbon emission, carbon monoxide emission, smoke opacity emission and Oxides of nitrogen emission. Varying the injecting timing show, promising results except for NOx emission. Hence remedial measure has also been discussed

Atrial and placental melanoma metastasis: a case report and literature review

Malignant melanoma can metastasize to virtually any organ of the body. The aggressiveness is determined by the primary site, depth of dermal invasion, presence or absence of ulceration, lymphovascular infiltration and regional lymph node involvement. We report a case of a pregnant woman with a previous history of stage 3 melanoma who presented with cardiac metastasis and placental melanoma infiltration. A review of literature on cardiac and placental involvement of melanoma is also provided

Calculating the energy spectra of magnetic molecules: application of real- and spin-space symmetries

The determination of the energy spectra of small spin systems as for instance given by magnetic molecules is a demanding numerical problem. In this work we review numerical approaches to diagonalize the Heisenberg Hamiltonian that employ symmetries; in particular we focus on the spin-rotational symmetry SU(2) in combination with point-group symmetries. With these methods one is able to block-diagonalize the Hamiltonian and thus to treat spin systems of unprecedented size. In addition it provides a spectroscopic labeling by irreducible representations that is helpful when interpreting transitions induced by Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR), Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) or Inelastic Neutron Scattering (INS). It is our aim to provide the reader with detailed knowledge on how to set up such a diagonalization scheme.Comment: 29 pages, many figure

An efficient approach to BAC based assembly of complex genomes

Background: There has been an exponential growth in the number of genome sequencing projects since the introduction of next generation DNA sequencing technologies. Genome projects have increasingly involved assembly of whole genome data which produces inferior assemblies compared to traditional Sanger sequencing of genomic fragments cloned into bacterial artificial chromosomes (BACs). While whole genome shotgun sequencing using next generation sequencing (NGS) is relatively fast and inexpensive, this method is extremely challenging for highly complex genomes, where polyploidy or high repeat content confounds accurate assembly, or where a highly accurate ‘gold’ reference is required. Several attempts have been made to improve genome sequencing approaches by incorporating NGS methods, to variable success. Results: We present the application of a novel BAC sequencing approach which combines indexed pools of BACs, Illumina paired read sequencing, a sequence assembler specifically designed for complex BAC assembly, and a custom bioinformatics pipeline. We demonstrate this method by sequencing and assembling BAC cloned fragments from bread wheat and sugarcane genomes. Conclusions: We demonstrate that our assembly approach is accurate, robust, cost effective and scalable, with applications for complete genome sequencing in large and complex genomes

Nanoscale Metallic Iron for Environmental Remediation: Prospects and Limitations

The amendment of the subsurface with nanoscale metallic iron particles (nano-Fe0) has been discussed in the literature as an efficient in situ technology for groundwater remediation. However, the introduction of this technology was controversial and its efficiency has never been univocally established. This unsatisfying situation has motivated this communication whose objective was a comprehensive discussion of the intrinsic reactivity of nano-Fe0 based on the contemporary knowledge on the mechanism of contaminant removal by Fe0 and a mathematical model. It is showed that due to limitations of the mass transfer of nano-Fe0 to contaminants, available concepts cannot explain the success of nano-Fe0 injection for in situ groundwater remediation. It is recommended to test the possibility of introducing nano-Fe0 to initiate the formation of roll-fronts which propagation would induce the reductive transformation of both dissolved and adsorbed contaminants. Within a roll-front, FeII from nano-Fe0 is the reducing agent for contaminants. FeII is recycled by biotic or abiotic FeIII reduction. While the roll-front concept could explain the success of already implemented reaction zones, more research is needed for a science-based recommendation of nano- Fe0 for subsurface treatment by roll-front

Developing a core outcome set for fistulising perianal Crohn's disease

OBJECTIVE: Lack of standardised outcomes hampers effective analysis and comparison of data when comparing treatments in fistulising perianal Crohn's disease (pCD). Development of a standardised set of outcomes would resolve these issues. This study provides the definitive core outcome set (COS) for fistulising pCD. DESIGN: Candidate outcomes were generated through a systematic review and patient interviews. Consensus was established via a three-round Delphi process using a 9-point Likert scale based on how important they felt it was in determining treatment success culminating in a final consensus meeting. Stakeholders were recruited nationally and grouped into three panels (surgeons and radiologists, gastroenterologists and IBD specialist nurses, and patients). Participants received feedback fromtheir panel(in the second round) andall participants(in the third round) to allow refinement of their scores. RESULTS: A total of 295 outcomes were identified from systematic reviews and interviews that were categorised into 92 domains. 187 stakeholders (response rate 78.5%) prioritised 49 outcomes through a three-round Delphi study.The final consensus meeting of 41 experts and patients generated agreement on an eight domain COS. The COS comprised three patient-reported outcome domains (quality of life, incontinence and a combined score of patient priorities) and five clinician-reported outcome domains (perianal disease activity, development of new perianal abscess/sepsis, new/recurrent fistula, unplanned surgery and faecal diversion). CONCLUSION: A fistulising pCD COS has been produced by all key stakeholders. Application of the COS will reduce heterogeneity in outcome reporting, thereby facilitating more meaningful comparisons between treatments, data synthesis and ultimately benefit patient care