Perbedaan Tingkat Kecemasan Antara Siswa Kelas X Yang Mengikuti Dengan Yang Tidak Mengikuti Bimbingan Belajar Dalam Menghadapi Ujian Semester Di SMA N 1 Gubug

Gangguan cemas dapat dialami oleh 2-4% populasi. Di Indonesia kecemasan diperkirakan sekitar 2-6 juta jiwa dari 220 juta populasi masyarakat Indonesia. Wanita 2 kali lebih banyak mengalami kecemasan dibanding pria. Siswa Menengah Atas (SMA) memiliki minat tinggi mengikuti bimbingan belajar yang dilakukan dalam satu kali seminggu atau dua kali seminggu. Prevalensi siswa yang mengikuti bimbingan belajar di setiap bimbingan belajar di Indonesia diperkirakan sekitar 100.000 siswa setiap tahunnya, dimana angka ini terus mengalami peningkatan. Salah satu kelebihan yang dimiliki lembaga bimbingan belajar adalah banyak membaca dan latihan soal, sehingga siswa dapat memecahkan soal-soal dengan cepat dan tepat. Seringnya berlatih, membuat siswa menjadi terbiasa dan terlatih, sehingga tidak merasa kecemasan yang berlebih saat menghadapi soal ujian. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbedaan tingkat kecemasan siswa kelas X yang mengikuti dengan yang tidak mengikuti bimbingan belajar dalam menghadapi ujian semester di SMAN 1 Gubug. Jumlah sampel pada penelitian ini sebanyak 136 yang terdiri dari 68 siswa yang mengikuti bimbingan belajar dan 68 siswa yang tidak mengikuti bimbingan belajar di SMAN 1 Gubug. Jenis penelitian ini merupakan desain penelitian observasional analitik dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Instrumen penelitian yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah kuesioner data diri, kuesioner Lie Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (LMMPI), dan Taylor Manifest Anxiety Scale (TMAS). Data yang diperoleh kemudian dianalisa dengan menggunakan uji t melalui program spss 19 for windows. Berdasarkan analisa data dengan menggunakan uji t didapatkan t hitung sebesar 3,495 dengan p value = 0,001, karena p value < 0,05 H1 diterima dan H0 ditolak. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan tingkat kecemasan antara siswa kelas X yang mengikuti dengan yang tidak mengikuti bimbingan belajar dalam menghadapi ujian semester di SMAN 1 Gubug

Hubungan Antara Peningkatan Kadar Asam Urat Darah dengan Kejadian Hipertensi di RSUD Sukoharjo

Background : Hypertension is responsible for target organ damage, but usually people with hypertension do not have any visible sign and symptom, so they dont realize having hypertension. The prevalence of hypertension is increasing by years. Increasing uric acid blood level is one of hypertension risk factor. Uric acid had been known as anti oxydative agent, but recent studies shows increasing uric acid level leads to hypertension. Aim : To know the association between increasing uric acid blood level with incident of hypertension of patient in interna clinic of General Hospital Sukoharjo. Methode : Using cross sectional study design which variable are taken in the same time. Samples are taken from medical records data using simple random sampling. 52 samples divided into 26 hypertension samples and 26 non hypertension. Samples are selected by inclusion and exclusion criteria in this study and recorded uric acid blood level from medical records. Result : 26 samplewith hypertensionhas increasing uric acid blood level (100%), while 26 samplenon hypertensionsamples shows 2 samplshas hiperuricemia (7,7%) and 24 sampleshas normal uric acid (92,3%). The result fromLambda correlation test shows strong correlation (r=0,923) andsignificant correlation (p<0,1) with positive correlation. Conclusion: There is strong correlation between increasing uric acid blood level and incident of hypertensio

Hubungan Indeks Massa Tubuh Diatas Normal Terhadap Premenstrual Syndrome Pada Wanita Usia Reproduktif Di Kelurahan Loa Ipuh Kabupaten Kutai Kartanegara

Background:Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS) is a group of physical and psychological symptomps which occurs before the time of menstruation. In general, the female premenstrual syndrome prevalence is about 90%, whereas 3- 5% of them experienced disturbance symptomps of daily life. One of the premenstrual syndrome’s risk factors is Body Mass Index. Objective: To determine the relationship of Body Mass Index to premenstrual syndrome od reproductive women in Loa Ipuh Village Kutai Kartanegara District. Method: This study used observational analytic method with cross sectional design. Spearman test were used to examine the ignificance of the correlatin between two variables. The independent variable is Body Mass Index and the dependent variable is premenstrual syndrome. Subjects in this study were 86 samples. Results: 43 respondents who has BMI above the normal range, there was 25 respondents (29,0%) experienced PMS and 17 respondents (19,7%) didn’t experience it. Whereas 43 respondents who has BMI in normal range, there was 5 respondents (5,8%) experienced PMS and 39 respondents (45,3%) didn’t experience it. This research has p value = 0,000 and r value = 0,488 which means te results has significance correlation between Body Mass Index and remenstrual syndrome. Conclusion: Womans with Body Mass Index above the normal range has higher risk to experience premenstrual syndrome than woman with Body Mass Index in normal range

Dynamic regulation of the endocannabinoid system: implications for analgesia

The analgesic effects of cannabinoids are well documented, but these are often limited by psychoactive side-effects. Recent studies indicate that the endocannabinoid system is dynamic and altered under different pathological conditions, including pain states. Changes in this receptor system include altered expression of receptors, differential synthetic pathways for endocannabinoids are expressed by various cell types, multiple pathways of catabolism and the generation of biologically active metabolites, which may be engaged under different conditions. This review discusses the evidence that pain states alter the endocannabinoid receptor system at key sites involved in pain processing and how these changes may inform the development of cannabinoid-based analgesics

Screening of anti-dengue activity in methanolic extracts of medicinal plants

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Dengue fever regardless of its serotypes has been the most prevalent arthropod-borne viral diseases among the world population. The development of a dengue vaccine is complicated by the antibody-dependent enhancement effect. Thus, the development of a plant-based antiviral preparation promises a more potential alternative in combating dengue disease.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Present studies investigated the antiviral effects of standardised methanolic extracts of <it>Andrographis paniculata, Citrus limon, Cymbopogon citratus, Momordica charantia, Ocimum sanctum </it>and <it>Pelargonium citrosum </it>on dengue virus serotype 1 (DENV-1).</p> <p>Results</p> <p><it>O. sanctum </it>contained 88.6% of total flavonoids content, an amount that was the highest among all the six plants tested while the least was detected in <it>M. charantia</it>. In this study, the maximum non-toxic dose (MNTD) of the six medicinal plants was determined by testing the methanolic extracts against Vero E6 cells <it>in vitro</it>. Studies also determined that the MNTD of methanolic extract was in the decreasing order of <it>M. charantia </it>><it>C. limon </it>><it>P. citrosum, O. sanctum </it>><it>A. paniculata </it>><it>C. citratus</it>. Antiviral assay based on cytopathic effects (CPE) denoted by degree of inhibition upon treating DENV1-infected Vero E6 cells with MNTD of six medicinal plants showed that <it>A. paniculata </it>has the most antiviral inhibitory effects followed by <it>M. charantia</it>. These results were further verified with an <it>in vitro </it>inhibition assay using MTT, in which 113.0% and 98.0% of cell viability were recorded as opposed to 44.6% in DENV-1 infected cells. Although methanolic extracts of <it>O. sanctum </it>and <it>C. citratus </it>showed slight inhibition effect based on CPE, a significant inhibition was not reflected in MTT assay. Methanolic extracts of <it>C. limon </it>and <it>P. citrosum </it>did not prevent cytopathic effects or cell death from DENV-1.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>The methanol extracts of <it>A. paniculata </it>and <it>M. charantia </it>possess the ability of inhibiting the activity of DENV-1 in <it>in vitro </it>assays. Both of these plants are worth to be further investigated and might be advantageous as an alternative for dengue treatment.</p

Glycolate Oxidase Isozymes Are Coordinately Controlled by GLO1 and GLO4 in Rice

Glycolate oxidase (GLO) is a key enzyme in photorespiratory metabolism. Four putative GLO genes were identified in the rice genome, but how each gene member contributes to GLO activities, particularly to its isozyme profile, is not well understood. In this study, we analyzed how each gene plays a role in isozyme formation and enzymatic activities in both yeast cells and rice tissues. Five GLO isozymes were detected in rice leaves. GLO1 and GLO4 are predominately expressed in rice leaves, while GLO3 and GLO5 are mainly expressed in the root. Enzymatic assays showed that all yeast-expressed GLO members except GLO5 have enzymatic activities. Further analyses suggested that GLO1, GLO3 and GLO4 interacted with each other, but no interactions were observed for GLO5. GLO1/GLO4 co-expressed in yeast exhibited the same isozyme pattern as that from rice leaves. When either GLO1 or GLO4 was silenced, expressions of both genes were simultaneously suppressed and most of the GLO activities were lost, and consistent with this observation, little GLO isozyme protein was detected in the silenced plants. In contrast, no observable effect was detected when GLO3 was suppressed. Comparative analyses between the GLO isoforms expressed in yeast and the isozymes from rice leaves indicated that two of the five isozymes are homo-oligomers composed of either GLO1 or GLO4, and the other three are hetero-oligomers composed of both GLO1 and GLO4. Our current data suggest that GLO isozymes are coordinately controlled by GLO1 and GLO4 in rice, and the existence of GLO isozymes and GLO molecular and compositional complexities implicate potential novel roles for GLO in plants

Differential transcriptomic profiles effected by oil palm phenolics indicate novel health outcomes

Abstract Background Plant phenolics are important nutritional antioxidants which could aid in overcoming chronic diseases such as cardiovascular disease and cancer, two leading causes of death in the world. The oil palm (Elaeis guineensis) is a rich source of water-soluble phenolics which have high antioxidant activities. This study aimed to identify the in vivo effects and molecular mechanisms involved in the biological activities of oil palm phenolics (OPP) during healthy states via microarray gene expression profiling, using mice supplemented with a normal diet as biological models. Results Having confirmed via histology, haematology and clinical biochemistry analyses that OPP is not toxic to mice, we further explored the gene expression changes caused by OPP through statistical and functional analyses using Illumina microarrays. OPP showed numerous biological activities in three major organs of mice, the liver, spleen and heart. In livers of mice given OPP, four lipid catabolism genes were up-regulated while five cholesterol biosynthesis genes were down-regulated, suggesting that OPP may play a role in reducing cardiovascular disease. OPP also up-regulated eighteen blood coagulation genes in spleens of mice. OPP elicited gene expression changes similar to the effects of caloric restriction in the hearts of mice supplemented with OPP. Microarray gene expression fold changes for six target genes in the three major organs tested were validated with real-time quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), and the correlation of fold changes obtained with these two techniques was high (R2 = 0.9653). Conclusions OPP showed non-toxicity and various pleiotropic effects in mice. This study implies the potential application of OPP as a valuable source of wellness nutraceuticals, and further suggests the molecular mechanisms as to how dietary phenolics work in vivo.</p