The complete genome sequence of Chromobacterium violaceum reveals remarkable and exploitable bacterial adaptability

Chromobacterium violaceum is one of millions of species of free-living microorganisms that populate the soil and water in the extant areas of tropical biodiversity around the world. Its complete genome sequence reveals (i) extensive alternative pathways for energy generation, (ii) ≈500 ORFs for transport-related proteins, (iii) complex and extensive systems for stress adaptation and motility, and (iv) wide-spread utilization of quorum sensing for control of inducible systems, all of which underpin the versatility and adaptability of the organism. The genome also contains extensive but incomplete arrays of ORFs coding for proteins associated with mammalian pathogenicity, possibly involved in the occasional but often fatal cases of human C. violaceum infection. There is, in addition, a series of previously unknown but important enzymes and secondary metabolites including paraquat-inducible proteins, drug and heavy-metal-resistance proteins, multiple chitinases, and proteins for the detoxification of xenobiotics that may have biotechnological applications

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A nova política dos governadores The new politics of governors

Este artigo analisa o incremento do poder dos governadores e o ressurgimento dos interesses políticos estaduais como determinantes do comportamento dos congressistas durante a transição democrática. Para isso, os autores explicam como os governos militares fracassaram em reduzir a influência das redes políticas estaduais sobre a classe política e como os governadores remergiram e tornaram-se atores fundamentais para derrubar o regime autoritário. Por fim, fornecem exemplos de como os interesses estaduais e os governadores tiveram papel-chave durante a transição e ainda continuam a tê-lo na política brasileira contemporânea.<br>This article analyzes the increase in the power of state governors and the resurgence of the state-based interests of the members of the National Congress during Brazil's transition to democracy. The 1964-85 military regime's failure to reduce the influence of state-based interests and the reemergence of the state governors as powerful political actors in Brazil are explained. Examples are provided of how state interests and state governors have influenced the transition process and continue to play key roles in contemporary Brazilian politics