Diversity and nitrogen fixation efficiency of rhizobia isolated from nodules of Centrolobium paraense

The objective of this work was to isolate and characterize rhizobia from nodules of Centrolobium paraense and to evaluate their symbiotic efficiency. Soil samples collected from four sites of the Roraima Cerrado, Brazil, were used to cultivate C. paraense in order to obtain nodules. Isolates (178) were obtained from 334 nodules after cultivation on medium 79. Twenty-five isolates belonging to six morphological groups were authenticated using Vigna unguiculata and they were characterized by 16S rRNA. Isolates identified as Bradyrhizobium were further characterized using rpoB gene sequencing. A greenhouse experiment was carried out with C. paraense to test the 18 authenticated isolates. Approximately 90% of the isolates grew slowly in medium 79. The 16S rRNA analysis showed that 14 authenticated isolates belong to the genus Bradyrhizobium, and rpoB indicated they constitute different groups compared to previously described species. Only four of the 11 fast-growing isolates nodulated V. unguiculata, two of which belong to Rhizobium, and two to Pleomorphomonas, which was not previously reported as a nodulating genus. The Bradyrhizobium isolates ERR 326, ERR 399, and ERR 435 had the highest symbiotic efficiency on C. paraense and showed a contribution similar to the nitrogen treatment. Centrolobium paraense is able to nodulate with different rhizobium species, some of which have not yet been described

EFFECT OF CHARCOAL -ENRICHED SUBSTRATE ON SEEDLINGS OF RHIZOBIUM-INOCULATED LEGUME TREES

ABSTRACT Native legume trees are planted in agroforestry systems for their hardiness and symbiosis with soil bacteria of the genus rhizobium, efficient in N2 fixation. The enrichment of the substrate composition with fine charcoal for seedling production of these trees is interesting for increasing soil porosity, water retention and the proliferation of beneficial microorganisms. Experiments were carried out to analyze the effect of substrate enrichment with charcoal on the quality of Clitoria fairchildiana, Enterolobium schomburgkii and Inga edulis seedlings. The treatments consisted of a 3:2:0.5 (v:v) mixture of clay soil, sand and bovine manure and a 3:2 (v:v) mixture of clay soil and sand combined with charcoal rates of 0, 10, 19 and 29%. After mixing the components, substrate samples were collected and chemically analyzed. The experiment was arranged in a completely randomized design with 5 treatments and 10 replications. The seedlings were inoculated with homologues rhizobia and growth controlled monthly. The plants were collected to determine the number of nodules and dry biomass of roots, shoots and nodules. Seedling growth was similar on substrates containing charcoal or manure, except for E. schomburkii, which increased by more than 100% on the charcoal-containing substrates. The number and dry biomass of nodules in the charcoal-containing substrates was up to 100% and 300% higher than in the manure-containing treatment, respectively. The results indicated that the substitution of manure by charcoal favors the seedling quality of the studied species

Soybeans Crude Oil Miscella Degumming Utilizing Ceramic Membranes: Transmembrane Pressure And Velocity Effects

[No abstract available]20001/03/15543545Gunstone, F.D., Harwood, J.L., Padley, F.B., (1994) The Lipid Handbook, , Chapmam & Hall, LondonKoris, A., Vatai, G., Dry degumming of vegetable oils by membrane filtration (2002) Desalination, 148, pp. 149-153Subramanian, R., Ichikawa, S., Nakajima, M., Kimura, T., Maekawa, T., Characterization of phospholipid reverse micelles in relation to membrane processing of vegetables oils (2001) Eur. J. Lipid Sci. Technol., 103, pp. 93-9

Conservação de sementes de soja tratadas com fungicidas

Sementes de soja (Gtycine max L. Merrill) cultivares Santa Rosa e Viçoja, foram submetidas a tratamento com Arasan (Thiram 50% i.a.) e Homai (Tiofanato metílico 50% i.a.+Thiram 30% i.a.); em seguida permaneceram armazenadas em câmara seca (35%U.R.) e em ambiente natural do Laboratório de Sementes do Departamento de Agricultura e Horticultura da Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz" (ESALQ./USP) , entre os meses de junho e dezembro de 1975. Periodicamente foi avaliada a qualidade fisiológica das sementes, através de testes de germinação, de envelhecimento acelerado e de emergência das plântulas. Concluiu-se que o tratamento fungicida pode beneficiar a conservação do vigor das sementes; mas, para a obtenção de informações precisas, há necessidade do auxílio da Patologia de Sementes.Soybean (Glycine max L. Merrill) seeds of Santa Rosa and Víçoja cultivars were treated with Homai (Thiophanate-methyl 50% + Thiram 30%) and (Thiram 50%), prior to storage during six months, under two conditions: dry chamber (35% R.H.) and normal environment of the Seed La boratory of the Agriculture and Horticulture Department of "Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz", University of São Paulo, Brazil. Seed quality was evaluated at three - month interval by means the standard germination, first-count, accelerated aging an seedling emergence. It was found that fungicide treatment can be used to protect seed performance during storage, but better knowledge of Seed Pathology is necessary of accurate informations