Correlações genéticas e fenotípicas em duas populações de milho (Zea mays L.) braquítico e suas implicações no melhoramento do teor de óleo no grão

Coeficientes de correlações genéticas e fenotípicas foram estimados entre os caracteres: altura da planta (AP); altura da espiga (AE); peso de espigas (PE) e teor de óleo (TO). As estimativas foram obtidas para duas populações braquíticas de milho (Piranão VD-2 e Piranão VF-1), baseado em espiga por fileira, utilizando-se testemunha intercalar, onde a cada duas progênies plantava-se uma fileira do híbrido simples AG 305-B. Os valores das correlações genéticas aditivas encontradas entre os caracteres altura da planta, altura da espiga e peso de espigas, foram todos positivos. Para o caráter teor de óleo, quando correlacionado com os demais caracteres, os valores das correlações obtidos foram negativos nas duas populações, exceção feita ao peso de espiga correlacionada com teor de óleo, na população Piranão VD-2, cujo valor foi positivo e próximo de zero. As respostas correlacionadas obtidas entre os caracteres, quando a seleção é praticada para o caráter teor de óleo e vice versa, independente do método de seleção empregado, mostram que a seleção para teor de óleo leva a modificação na estrutura da planta, para as duas populações.Genetic and phenotypic correlations were estimated among the characteristics: plant height (AP), ear height (AE), ear weight (PE) and oil content (TO). The estimates were obtained for two brachytic maize populations (Piranão VD-2 e Piranão VF-1), based on the ear to row having an intercalated tester where at each two progenie rows had one row of the single hybrid Ag-305-B used as a tester. The additive genetic correlations found between plant height, ear height and ear weight, were all positives. When the oil content was correlated with ear weight, plant and ear height, negative correlation values were observed in both populations, exception done for oil content and ear weight in the Piranão VD-2 population, which value was positive and near to zero. The correlated genetic response found are suggesting that when selection is done for oil content, in both population will have some changing with the plant phenotype, mainly for plant and ear height

Free 2-propen-1-amine Derivative And Inclusion Complexes With β-cyclodextrin: Scanning Electron Microscopy, Dissolution, Cytotoxicity And Antimycobacterial Activity

Inclusion complexes and physical mixtures of isomeric mixture of E/Z (50:50) of 3-(4′-bromo-[1,1′-biphenyl]-4-yl)-3-(4-bromophenyl)-N,N- dimethyl-2-propen-1-amine (BBAP) and β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) in the molar proportion of 1:1 and 1:2 were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy. The dissolution behavior of BBAP and of the inclusion complexes were also evaluated for six hours. By scanning electron microscopy (SEM), it was possible to observe an inclusion complex formed between BBAP and β-CD by co-evaporation, either in the molar proportion of 1:1 or 1:2. In the physical mixtures, no complex was observed as previously detected by physicochemical analysis. The dissolution studies showed that the inclusion complexes BBAP/β-CD 1:1 and 1:2 released respectively 49.07 ± 1.48 and 40.26 ± 3.90% of BBAP during six hours. Free BBAP was less soluble than the inclusion complex and reached 9.00 ± 0.75% of dissolution. Biological assays, such as cytotoxicity to J774 macrophages and to a permanent lung fibroblast cell line (V79), indicated that the BBAP does not exhibit any additional toxic effect with the β-CD complexes. However, the complexes were less cytotoxic to V79 cells than the free form. The BBAP/β-CD inclusion complexes were more effective (MIC) than the free compound on several mycobacteria strains. Similar behavior was observed for BBAP/β-CD complexes and rifampicin, a front-line antitubercular drug, on M. tuberculosis H37Rv growing inside J774 macrophages.155682689Bibby, D.C., Davies, N.M., Tucker, I.G., (2000) Int. J. Pharm., 197, p. 1De Souza, A.O., Sato, D.N., Aily, D.C.G., Durán, N., (1998) J. Antimicrob. Chemother., 42, p. 407Pereira, D.G., De Castro, S.L., Durán, N., (1998) Acta Tropica, 69, p. 205De Souza, A.O., Santos Júnior, R.R., Ferreira-Júlio, J.F., Rodrigues, J.A., Melo, P.S., Haun, M., Sato, D.N., Durán, N., (2001) Eur. J. Med. Chem., 36, p. 843De Souza, A.O., Hemerly, F.P., Busollo, A.C., Melo, P.S., Machado, G.M.C., Miranda, C.C., Santa-Rita, R.M., Durán, N., (2002) J. Antimicrob. Chemother., 50, p. 629De Conti, R., Gimenez, S.M.N., Haun, M., Pilli, R.A., De Castro, S.L., Durán, N., (1996) Eur. J. Med. Chem., 31, p. 915De Souza, A.O., Santos Jr., R.R., Sato, D.N., Lima, H.O.S., Andrade-Santana, M.H., Alderete, J.B., Faljoni-Alario, A., Durán, N., (2000) Abstracts of the 29 a Reunião Anual Da Sociedade Brasileira de Bioquímica, , Caxambu, BrazilHiguchi, T., Connors, K.A., (1965) Adv. Anal. Chem. Instrum., 4, p. 117Collins, L.A., Franzblau, S.G., (1997) Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 41, p. 1004Oh, Y.K., Nix, D.E., Straubinger, R.M., (1995) Antimicrob Agents Chemother., 39, p. 2104Cingi, M.R., De Angelis, I., Fortunati, E., Reggiani, D., Bianchi, V., Tiozzo, R., Zucco, F., (1991) Toxicol. In Vitro, 5, p. 119Denizot, F., Lang, R., (1986) J. Immun. Methods, 89, p. 271Borenfreund, E., Puerner, J.A., (1984) J. Tiss. Cult. Meth., 9, p. 7Melo, P.S., Maria, S.S., Vidal, B.C., Haun, M., Durán, N., (2000) In Vitro Cell Rev. Biol. Animal, 36, p. 539Melo, P.S., Durán, N., Haun, M., (2001) Toxicology, 159, p. 135Shrivastava, R., John, G.W., Rispat, G., Chevalier, A., Massingham, R., (1991) ATLA - Alt. Lab. Anim., 19, p. 39

Actin-interacting and flagellar proteins in Leishmania spp.: Bioinformatics predictions to functional assignments in phagosome formation

Several motile processes are responsible for the movement of proteins into and within the flagellar membrane, but little is known about the process by which specific proteins (either actin-associated or not) are targeted to protozoan flagellar membranes. Actin is a major cytoskeleton protein, while polymerization and depolymerization of parasite actin and actin-interacting proteins (AIPs) during both processes of motility and host cell entry might be key events for successful infection. For a better understanding the eukaryotic flagellar dynamics, we have surveyed genomes, transcriptomes and proteomes of pathogenic Leishmania spp. to identify pertinent genes/proteins and to build in silico models to properly address their putative roles in trypanosomatid virulence. In a search for AIPs involved in flagellar activities, we applied computational biology and proteomic tools to infer from the biological meaning of coronins and Arp2/3, two important elements in phagosome formation after parasite phagocytosis by macrophages. Results presented here provide the first report of Leishmania coronin and Arp2/3 as flagellar proteins that also might be involved in phagosome formation through actin polymerization within the flagellar environment. This is an issue worthy of further in vitro examination that remains now as a direct, positive bioinformatics-derived inference to be presented